Cribrilaria brasiliensis, Almeida & Larré & Vieira, 2021

Almeida, Ana C. S., Larré, Igor R. N. M. & Vieira, Leandro M., 2021, Ten new species of marine bryozoans (Gymnolaemata: Cheilostomatida) from Brazil, Zootaxa 5048 (4), pp. 511-537 : 523-525

Cribrilaria brasiliensis n. sp.

( Fig. 7A–F )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C0877532-5484-46B7-90C0-798750AC495C

Puellina sp. 2 : Almeida et al. 2015a: p. 4; Souza & Almeida 2017: p. 265.

Material examined. Holotype: UFBA 1896.3 , 12º56’ S, 38º33’ W, Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil, 27 m, coll. by LAMEB-UFBA, 2009 . Paratypes: UFBA 2673.2 , 13º01’ S, 38º28’ W, Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil, 27 m, coll. by LAMEB-UFBA, 2009 ; UFBA 100 , 12º50’ S, 38º11’ W, Camaçari, Costa dos Coqueiros, Bahia, Brazil, 23 m, coll. by LAMEB-UFBA, 2008 ; UFBA 295 , 16º07’ S, 38º29’ W, Banco Royal Charlotte, Costa do Descobrimento , Bahia, Brazil, 35 m, coll. by REVIZEE Score Central, 1996 ; UFPE 858 , 4 º49’– 5º10’ S, 36º10’– 36º50’ W, Bacia Potiguar, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, coll. by Petrobras, 2009–2010 . Additional specimens: UFBA 803.1 , 12°56’ S, 38°33’ W, Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil, coll. by Abílio Bittencourt, 1976 ; UFBA 1127.3 , 12°43’ S, 38°02’ W, Banco de Abrolhos , Costa das Baleias, Bahia, Brazil, 41 m, coll. by REVIZEE Score Central, 1996 ; UFBA 3662 , 05°03’ S, 36°19’ W, 50–53 m, Guamaré , Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, coll. 2005 .

Diagnosis. Cribrilaria with convex frontal shield formed by 8–16 pairs of costae, and 3–5 intercostal pores with up to two denticles, 5–7 oral spines in autozooids and four in ovicelled zooids, suboral costae with central intercostal pore, interzooidal avicularium with long non-serrated narrowed rostrum, and smooth ovicells with median keel associated with autozooids or kenozooids.

Type locality. Baía de Todos os Santos, Bahia, Brazil .

Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality of the species, Brazil.

Description. Colony encrusting, unilaminar ( Fig. 7A ), almost translucent white in colour.

Autozooids suboval (0.275–0.320– 0.380 mm long, n = 30, SD = 0.023 mm; 0.199–0.239– 0.291 mm wide, n = 30, SD = 0.023 mm), separated by conspicuous grooves ( Fig. 7B ). Zooids interconnected by basal pore chambers visible in marginal zooids of the colony. Gymnocyst smooth or with slight striations, wider at the distal portion of the zooid and surrounded by extensions connecting the neighboring zooids ( Fig. 7B, C ). Frontal shield convex, composed of 8–16 costae separated by 3‒5 regularly spaced intercostal lacunae with up to two denticles projecting into each lacuna; each costa with median keel, without pelmatidia. Orifice transversely D-shaped (0.056–0.064– 0.074 mm long, n = 30, SD = 0.004 mm; 0.032–0.042– 0.049 mm wide, n = 30, SD = 0.004 mm), with distal margin bordered by six (rarely five or seven) evenly spaced oral spines ( Fig. 7C ). Orificial proximal rim formed by paired small costae, partially fused, often with small intercostal pore. Interzooidal avicularia (0.272–0.298– 0.341 mm long, n = 6, SD = 0.025 mm; 0.143–0.179– 0.230 mm wide, n = 6, SD = 0.036 mm) with an oval and frontally convex cystid with smooth gymnocyst; proximal region semicircular without cryptocyst; rostrum long with smooth lateral rim (non-serrated), narrow, elongated, directed distolaterally, open-tipped, with simple convexity for mandible articulation, without condyles or crossbar.

Kenozooids common, circular to elliptical in profile, frontal surface convex, with 4–8 costae and 2‒6 regularly spaced intercostal pores, placed medially, smaller than autozooidal intercostal pores ( Fig. 7E ).

Ovicell prominent or partially submerged on distal autozooids or kenozooids (0.141–0.174– 0.187 mm long, n = 8, SD = 0.014 mm; 0.162–0.179– 0.238 mm wide, n = 8, SD = 0.024 mm). Ooecium smooth, with small protuberances and a median keel; ovicelled zooids with larger orifice than autozooids and with two pairs of oral spines ( Fig. 7F ).

Ancestrula not seen.

Remarks. Rosso et al. (2018) provided redescription of the type species of Puellina Jullien, 1886 , elevating the three constituent subgenera to generic status. Puellina sensu stricto is thereby restricted to taxa with relatively few costae, proportionately larger gymnocyst, no avicularia and a perforated ooecium. Some other species with a smooth ooecium and interzooidal avicularia, previously assigned to Puellina sensu lato, are now attributed to Cribrilaria (non-pedunculate interzooidal avicularia) or Glabrilaria Bishop & Househam, 1987 (pedunculate or semi-erect avicularia). Following Rosso et al. (2018) ’s account, new combinations are still needed for some species previously assigned to Puellina ; thus, we provide here two new combinations for species described from Brazil: Cribrilaria caraguata ( Winston & Vieira, 2013) n. comb., and Cribrilaria tuba ( Winston & Vieira, 2013) n. comb. Puellina octospinata Winston, Vieira & Wollacott, 2014 was recently reassigned to Cribrilaria by Ramalho et al. (2021). Thus, our new species is also here assigned to Cribrilaria , which is distinguished from these Brazilian species by having intercostal pores, often with two denticles, and interzooidal avicularia with a narrowly elongate rostrum. Another species, Cribrilaria lateralis Ramalho & Moraes in Ramalho et al. (2021), was recently described from Amazonas, N Brazil, also characterized by having interzooidal avicularia with a narrowly elongate rostrum; this species differs in having more numerous costae (14–18 pairs of costae in C. lateralis , 4–8 pairs in C. brasiliensis n. sp.).

Two other species of Cribrilaria also have 5–7 oral spines (four visible in ovicelled zooids) and a suboral umbo with a central gap, i.e., Cribrilaria arrecta Bishop & Househam, 1987 from the British Isles and Cribrilaria parva Winston & Hkansson, 1986 from Florida. Cribrilaria arrecta differs from C. brasiliensis n. sp. in having avicularia with a short rostrum, while C. parva is distinguished by its narrowed gymnocyst and absence of avicularia and kenozooids, both common in C. brasiliensis n. sp. More recently two additional species of Cribrilaria were described from Jamaica: Cribrilaria harmelini Winston & Jackson, 2021 , characterized by avicularia with serrate rostra, and Cribrilaria reflexa Winston & Jackson, 2021 , with only five oral spines.

Distribution. Western Atlantic: Brazil (Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte). Cribrilaria brasiliensis n. sp. is usually found encrusting hard substrata such as corals, rhodoliths and calcareous nodules; 23‒ 53 m.

Figures

FIGURE 7. Cribrilaria brasiliensis n. sp., UFBA 1896.3, holotype. A. Overview of an encrusting colony fragment. B. Group of autozooids and ovicelled zooids. C. Detail of primary orifice. D. Detail of avicularium. E. Detail of kenozooids. F. Detail of ovicells. Scale bars: A. 500 µm; B. 300 µm; C, D, F. 100 µm; E. 200 µm.