Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882

Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, Zootaxa 3648 (1), pp. 1-72 : 12-14

Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882

Fig. 1i

Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882: 137 , pl. 7, figs. 10–17.— Winston, 1982: 160; 2010: 232.— Jones 2002: 218.

Type locality. USA: Virginia, Hampton Roads, Fort Wool ( Clarke 1882) .

Voucher material. Fort Pierce Inlet , north jetty, north side, 27°28’24.1”N, 80°17’21.2”W, intertidal zone, on rocks, 14.vii.2012, 28° C, 35‰, collected manually, five colonies, up to 3.4 cm high, without gonothecae, coll. D.R. Calder, ROMIZ B3960 .

Remarks. Colonies of the eurytopic hydroid Eudendrium carneum Clarke, 1882 are large, conspicuous, and widespread in shallow temperate and tropical waters. Female colonies are particularly distinctive in bearing fenestrated embryo-bearing perisarcal capsules along ultimate branchlets. Winston (1982) found it to be abundant during warmer months of the year at coastal sites in the Indian River region of Florida, where it provided substrate for bryozoans.

Evidence suggests that shipping has played a significant role in dispersal of Eudendrium carneum globally ( Watson 1985; Calder 2010). In the western North Atlantic, Fraser’s record of the species from 75 fathoms (137 m) off Cape Canso, Nova Scotia, is regarded as erroneous based on known temperature tolerances ( Calder 1990) and overall distribution of this warm-water hydrozoan.

Reported distribution. Atlantic coast of Florida. Indian River area ( Winston 1982, 2010).—Biscayne Bay ( Jones 2002).

Western Atlantic. South coast of Cape Cod, Massachusetts ( Fraser 1944) to Brazil (Oliveira et al. submitted), including Bermuda ( Calder 1988), the Gulf of Mexico ( Calder & Cairns 2009), and the Caribbean Sea ( Calder & Kirkendale 2005).

Elsewhere. Circumglobal in tropical and warm-temperate waters ( Schuchert 2008; Calder 2010).

ORDER LEPTOTHECATA Cornelius, 1992

SUBORDER CONICA Broch, 1910

Figures

FIGURE 1. a, Pennaria disticha: part of hydrocaulus with annulated pedicel and juvenile hydranth, ROMIZ B1118; scale equals 0.5 mm. b, Cladocoryne floccosa: stem and hydranth, ROMIZ B1114, scale equals 0.5 mm. c, Velella velella: juvenile, left-sailing form, ROMIZ B1113, scale equals 1 mm. d, Zanclea alba: pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B3961, scale equals 0.25 mm. e, Solanderia gracilis: tip of branch with three hydranths, ROMIZ B3962, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Turritopsis fascicularis: pedicel and hydranth with medusa bud, ROMIZ B1106, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Parawrightia robusta: part of pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B1110, scale equals 0.25 mm. h, Bimeria vestita: pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B1116, scale equals 0.25 mm. i, Eudendrium carneum: part of hydrocaulus with pedicel and hydranth, ROMIZ B3960, scale equals 0.25 mm.