Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) Smith 1856

Novis, Phil M., Braidwood, Jasmine & Kilroy, Cathy, 2012, Small diatoms (Bacillariophyta) in cultures from the Styx River, New Zealand, including descriptions of three new species, Phytotaxa 64 (1), pp. 11-45 : 24-26

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/phytotaxa.64.1.3

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039987EE-FFA5-2F16-FF01-5301FDE4FCE3

treatment provided by

Felipe

scientific name

Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) Smith 1856
status

 

Nitzschia palea (Kütz.) Smith 1856 ( Figs 52–64 View FIGURE 52–64 , 162 View FIGURE 162 )

Valves linear-lanceolate, 2.8–4.4 µm wide, 24.2–33.3 µm long, with rostrate to subcapitate ends. Striae transverse, uniseriate, 41–45 in 10 µm, comprising round areolae. Fibulae spaced approximately evenly along the keel, 12–17 in 10 µm; raphe continuous, polar ends hook-shaped over valve apices; central node and central raphe endings absent ( Fig. 63 View FIGURE 52–64 ). Living cells contained 2–4 plate-like parietal chloroplasts, arranged around the frustule perimeter and separated at the cell centre ( Fig. 52 View FIGURE 52–64 ).

Reference: — Trobajo et al. 2009, p. 449, table 3, figs 2–26.

Specimens examined: —CHR618410!, CHR618411!, CHR618412! (cleaned frustules from cultures LCR-S:6:4:1, 12:1:2, and 29:2 respectively).

Distribution: —The species is regarded as cosmopolitan and a useful bioindicator. However, the cryptic diversity discovered within it suggests that its growth preferences could currently be misunderstood. It appeared in cultures from 2 sites in the Styx (2 and 7).

Molecular data: — Rbc L fragments were obtained for 3 strains from the Styx: strain LCR-S:6:4:1, 576 bp; strain LCR-S:12:1:2, 575 bp; and strain LCR-S:29:2, 571 bp. The first and last strains shared identical sequences; the other strain differed by 1 bp. The closest matches outside these strains were strain Spain C and the diatom-derived endosymbiont of Durinskia baltica (Levander) Carty & Cox 1986 (p-distances = 0.009). However, the Styx strains formed a robust monophyletic group in both the Bayesian and MPB analyses, separate from all other strains of N. palea in Genbank ( Fig. 162 View FIGURE 162 ). The overall dataset was 1470 bp long, with 214 variable sites (103 parsimony informative, 42 occurring within the Styx fragments). The model chosen and implemented in the Bayesian analysis was T92+G. One fragment of 18S sequence was obtained, for strain LCR-S:6:4:1, 1243 bp. The closest matches to this sequence were the N. palea clones NPAL2, 3, 8, 9, and 12, and NZSP (from Luxembourg and Ukraine; all p-distance = 0.001). The p-distance between the Styx strain and the remaining 3 N. palea clones in the database was 0.002. The Styx strain formed a robust clade with all these clones in both Bayesian and MPB analyses, but relationships within this clade were not resolved (presumably due to insufficient variation). The overall dataset was 1707 bp long, with 91 variable sites (39 parsimony informative, 28 occurring in the Styx fragment). The model chosen and implemented in the Bayesian analysis was K2+G+I.

Fig. 64 View FIGURE 52–64 . SEM of cleaned frustule, showing fine areolae and lack of median fibulae.

Observations:—The morphology of the Styx strains is closest to the strain Japan A2 of Trobajo et al. (2009) in terms of fibulae and striae per 10 µm, and closest to strain Spain A 3 in length range. Unfortunately, an rbc L sequence for Japan A2 is not available, and Spain A3 is not united with the Styx strains in the phylogenetic analysis. One possible conclusion from our molecular analyses is that the Styx strains form a monophyletic group as an artefact of their short sequence lengths; however, analyses in which the dataset is completely cropped to the length of the Styx sequences maintain the relationships. Trobajo et al. (2009, 2010) propose that N. palea will need to be split into 3 or more species; problematically, this seems to require species to be defined purely according to molecular data. This would create serious problems for those required to identify these diatoms by LM or even SEM (i.e. most identifications), leading to the continued use of the name N. palea by default. This species shows the most convincing biogeographic structure of all the taxa determined in this study, thanks to its relatively extensive sampling. However, it is possible that the UK strain of Trobajo et al. (2010) would form a clade with the Styx strains, since it occupies a similar position in a cox 1 analysis (rbc L data are not available for this strain).

Order Cymbellales

Family Gomphonemataceae

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