Crossopsorella byrsonimae (P. Henn.) E.S.C. Souza, Aime, Galvão-Elias, Dianese 2018

Souza, Erica S. C., Aime, M. Catherine, Elias, Samuel G., Pinho, Danilo B., Miller, Robert. N. G. & Dianese, José C., 2018, Crossopsorella, a new tropical genus of rust fungi, Phytotaxa 375 (3), pp. 189-202 : 195-198

Crossopsorella byrsonimae (P. Henn.) E.S.C. Souza, Aime, Galvão-Elias, Dianese , comb. nov. Figs. 2–7 .

MycoBank MB823953

Basionym : Cronartium byrsonimae (as ‘ byrsonimatis ’) Henn., Hedwigia 48:2. 1908.

≡ Crossopsora byrsonimae (P. Henn) P.S. Peterson, Rept. Tottori Mycol Inst Japan 10:210. 1973.

Typification: BRAZIL. SÃO PAULO, Morro Pellado, Jul 1904, Puttemans # 1140 on Byrsonima coccolobifolia . DISTRITO FEDERAL:Brasilia, Close to the Olympic Center of the Universidade de Brasília, Byrsonima coccolobifolia, Jun 21 2012, M. Sanchez (UB Mycol. Col. 22259).

Spermogonia (Group VI, Type 5), densely distributed on both sides of leaves and young stems on deformed systemically infected shoots, subcuticular, light brown, fertile showing hyaline receptive hyphae and spermatia. Aecia scattered among the spermogonia, cylindrical, sometimes up to 1–4 mm high × 400 μm diam, white; peridial cells firmly united mostly hexagonal, 36–65 × 20–30 μm, outer smooth, inner facing wall coarsely verrucose. Aeciospores 35–55 × 35–50 μm, light brown, angular ovoid, ellipsoid, or oblong, thick walled at the base and apex. Uredinia 130– 190 μm wide, hypophyllous, subepidermal, sparse or gregarious, paraphysate; paraphyses smooth, segmented when seen in SEM, apiculate. Urediniospores 32–38 × 22–24 μm, brown to light golden brown, echinulate. Telia generated as a basipetal chain of teliospores from a compact set of sporogenous cells deeply implanted in the host parenchyma, resulting in hair-like stable columnar brown telia (3–4 mm long × 96–120 μm diam. Teliospores (86–)79–40(–24) μm long × (25–)23–14(–9) μm wide, cylindrical, brown showing one circular lateral germ pore; germination external. Metabasidia 3-septate, 50 × 15 μm, 4–sterigma. Basidiospores hyaline, globose, four per metabasidium.

Additional specimens examined: BRAZIL. DISTRITO FEDERAL: Brasilia, Arboretum of the Universidade de Brasília, Asa Norte, on Byrsonima coccolobifolia , 7 May 2007, Z.M. Chaves (UB20577). ibid. 14 May 2007, Z.M. Chaves (UB20585). ibid. 14 May 14, M. Sanchez (UB20594). ibid, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro next to the CESPE Building, Asa Norte, on B. coccolobifolia , 21 Jun 2013, E.S.C. de Souza (UB22483). ibid, Cerrado by the Minas Tênis Club, Asa Norte, on B. coccolobifolia , 30 Aug 1992, J.C. Dianese (UB1800). ibid. J. C. Dianese (UB1801). ibid. J. C. Dianese (UB1802). ibid, Península Norte cycle route, B. verbascifolia, Aug 30 1992, J. C. Dianese (UB1773). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1774). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1775). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1776). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1777). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1778). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1779). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1780). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1781). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1783). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1784). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1785). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1786). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1787). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1788). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1789). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB1790). Brasília, Biological Experiment Station, University of Brasília, B. coccolobifolia , 22 Aug 2007, M. Sanchez (UB20691). ibid. M. Sanchez (UB20697). ibid, M. Sanchez (UB20701). ibid, M. Sanchez (UB20702). ibid, Olhos D’água Ecological Park of Brasília SQN 413 Asa Norte -47.884246 -15.743185, B. crassa, Sep 12 2012, E. S. C. de Souza (UB22383). ibid, E. S. C. de Souza (UB22384). ibid, Península Norte, B. coccolobifolia , May 31 1992, J. C. Dianese (UB1026). ibid, Jun 28 1992, J. C. Dianese (UB2355). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB2356). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB2357). ibid, J. C. Dianese (UB2358). ibid, Água Limpa Farm University of Brasília, B. verbascifolia, Sep 3 2012, E. S. C. de Souza (UB22347). ibid, Brasília’s Botanical Garden, B. laxiflora , May 30 2012, E. S. C. de Souza (UB22202). ibid: Brazlândia, Palestina Farm, Área de Proteção Ambiental da Cafuringa, B. verbascifolia, Aug 27 1992, J. C. Dianese & C. Furlaneto (UB1663). ibid, J. C. Dianese & C. Furlaneto (UB1664). ibid, J. C. Dianese & C. Furlaneto (UB1665). ibid, J. C. Dianese & C. Furlaneto (UB1667). ibid: Planaltina, Águas Emendadas Ecological Station. B. verbascifolia, Jun 11 2007, V. R. Rodrigues (UB20643). ibid. BAHIA: Una, Bolandeira farm, next to road I Comandatuba, B. verbascifolia, Aug 26 1995, M. Sanchez (UB9889). ibid. MARANHÃO: Carolina, Parque Nacional Serra das Mesas , B. verbascifolia, Sep 3 2012, D. B. Pinho (UB23344).

Notes: Crossopsorella byrsonimae was originally described from the Brazilian Cerrado on Byrsonima coccolobifolia ( Hennings 1908) . The holotype with telium, teliospores, and urediniospores were illustrated by Hennings, and can be seen in Fig. 8B . Urediniospores, telia, and teliospores from our recent collections are similar in size to those from the type ( Fig. 8B ). The type material shows columnar telia at the abaxial face of a leaf of B. coccolobifolia ( Fig. 8A ). However, Hennings (1908) did not illustrate the spermogonial and aecial states for this rust. Morphologically, the characteristics of spermogonia and aecia of Crossopsorella segregate it from C. ziziphi , in addition to results from molecular analyses ( Fig. 1 ). The spermogonia of Crossopsora ziziphi are subcuticular belonging to Group VI (type 7) sensu Cummins and Hiratsuka (2003), whereas in Crossopsorella the spermogonia are Group VI (type 5) showing well developed receptive hyphae. Additionally, the aecia of C. ziziphi , according to Hennen et al. (2005), are subepidermal, opening by a pore-like rupture of the epidermis without a peridium, i.e., of the Caeoma -type. In contrast, the aecia of Crossopsorella byrsonimae are Aecidium -like, shown as a cylindrical structure with well defined peridium and containing chains of aeciospores that are released with the rupture of the peridium.

Figures

FIGURE 1. BI 50% majority-rule consensus tree of the Pucciniales reconstructed from 28S sequences. Thickened branches represent BPP>0.98 and BS>95%. Tip labels in red represent sequences from our new Crossopsorella samples. Blue labels indicate the names of plant hosts.

FIGURE 2. Crossopsorella byrsonimae on Byrsonima coccolobifolia (UB Mycol. Col. 22259). A–B. Spermogonia. C. Inner surface of the aecial peridium. D. Aeciospores seen at a superficial focus in light microscopy in contrast with a group of peridial cells. E. Same aeciospores as in D, but seen at a deeper focus in light microscopy, contrasting with a group of peridial cells.

FIGURE 3. Aecia of Crossopsorella byrsonimae on Byrsonima coccolobifolia (UB Mycol. Col. 22259) in stereomicroscopy.

FIGURE 4. Uredinium of Crossopsorella byrsonimae on Byrsonima coccolobifolia (UB Mycol. Col. 22259) seen in cross section under a light microscope.

FIGURE 5. Uredinia of Crossopsorella byrsonimae on Byrsonima coccolobifolia (UB Mycol. Col. 22259) under SEM.A–B. Paraphysate uredinium. C. Detail of segmented paraphyses. D. Urediniospores.

FIGURE 6. Telia of Crossopsorella byrsonimae on Byrsonima coccolobifolia (UB Mycol.Col.22259) under SEM.A.Residual paraphyses around the telial base (arrow). B. Details of apically broken paraphyses. C–D. Telial surface with one germ pore per teliospore as indicated by arrows.

FIGURE 7. Crossopsorella byrsonimae on Byrsonima coccolobifolia (UB Mycol. Col. 22259). A. Columnar telium (arrow) under a stereomicroscope. B. Structural details of a columnar telium. C. Sporogenous cells (arrow) generating teliospores in basipetal succession. D. Metabasidium originated by germination of a teliospore.

FIGURE 8. Image of the holotype of Cronartium byrsonimae deposited at Herbarium B on July 1904 by Puttemans under number 1140. A. Leaf of Byrsonima coccolobifolia; arrow indicates a group of telia. B. Original drawings by Paul Hennings including measurements for a telium (3 mm × 100 μm), teliospores (40–70 × 12–18 μm), and urediniospores (30–40 × 22–30 μm). C–D. Copies of the original labels of the material deposited at Herbarium B. Reproduced by permission of Dr. Robert Vogt, Curator of Herbarium B, Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin-Dahlem, Freie Universität Berlin.