Dolabrifera dolabrifera, (RANG, 1828)

Valdés, Ángel, Breslau, Eric, Padula, Vinicius, Schrödl, Michael, Camacho, Yolanda, Malaquias, Manuel António E., Alexander, Jennifer, Bottomley, Morgan, Vital, Xochitl G., Hooker, Yuri & Gosliner, Terrence M., 2018, Molecular and morphological systematics of Dolabrifera Gray, 1847 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Aplysiomorpha), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 184, pp. 31-65 : 38-40

DOLABRIFERA DOLABRIFERA ( RANG, 1828)

( FIGS 3A–G, 4–6)

‘ Dolabella dolabrifera’ Cuvier, 1817: 398. Type locality: ‘Isle-de-France’ (= Mauritius) (nomen nudum).

‘ Dolabella dolabrifera’ de Férussac, 1822: table xxx (nomen nudum).

Aplysia dolabrifera Rang, 1828: 51 , pl. 4, figs 1–6. Type locality: ‘Ile Bourbon’ (=Réunion).

Aplysia oahouensis Souleyet, 1852: 461–462 , pl. 25, figs 10–13. Type locality: ‘Oahou’ (=O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands).

Dolabrifera cuvieri H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854: 33 ; 1858: pl. 59, figs 4, 4a. Unjustified emendation for Dolabella dolabrifera Cuvier, 1817 .

Dolabrifera olivacea Pease, 1860: 22–23 . Type locality: Sandwich Islands (=Hawaiian Islands).

Dolabrifera tahitensis Pease, 1861: 245–246 . Type locality: Tahiti.

Dolabrifera maillardi Deshayes, 1863: 53–54 , pl. 7, figs 20–22. Type locality: Réunion.

Dolabrifera fusca Pease, 1868: 76 , pl. 8, fig. 4. Type locality: Polynesia.

Dolabrifera vitraea G. B. Sowerby II in Reeve, 1868: pl. 1, fig. 1a, b. Type locality: ‘Narai’, Fiji.

Dolabrifera pacifica Pease in Reeve, 1868: pl. 1, fig. 3. Type locality: Islands of the Pacific.

Dolabrifera marmorea Pease in Reeve, 1868: pl. 1, fig. 5a, b. Type locality: Sandwich Islands (=Hawaiian Islands).

Type material

Aplysia dolabrifera Rang, 1828 not found at MNHN ( Valdés & Héros, 1998).

Aplysia oahouensis Souleyet, 1852 , one syntype at MNHN ( Valdés & Héros, 1998).

Dolabrifera olivacea Pease, 1860 , lectotype at NHMUK 1964376.

Dolabrifera maillardi Deshayes, 1863 , three syntypes at MNHN.

Dolabrifera tahitensis Pease, 1861 , type material untraceable, not at NHMUK.

Dolabrifera fusca Pease, 1868 , one syntype at ANSP 20710.

Dolabrifera vitraea G. B. Sowerby II in Reeve, 1868, two syntypes at NHMUK 1856.9.24.202.

Dolabrifera marmorea Pease in Reeve, 1868, one syntype at NHMUK 20160139.

Dolabrifera pacifica Pease in Reeve, 1868, two syntypes at NHMUK 20160140.

Material examined

Hekili Point , Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 1 m depth, 21 June 2016, one specimen 19 mm preserved length ( CPIC 01654 ) . Maliko Bay , Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 1 m depth, 22 June 2016, five specimens 5–14 mm preserved length ( CPIC 01657 ) . Mama’s Fish House Reef , Maui, Hawaiian Islands, 1 m depth, 25 June 2016, five specimens 9–12 mm preserved length ( CPIC 01696 ) ; 27 June 2016, one specimen 4 mm preserved length ( CPIC 01718 ) ; 28 June 2016, two specimens 2–3 mm preserved length ( CPIC 01752 ) . Sharks Cove , O‘ahu, Hawaiian Islands, 1 m depth, 5 July 2016, one specimen 10 mm preserved length ( CPIC 01770 ) . Kaloko , Kona , Hawai‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 26 July 2014, two specimens 16–19 mm preserved length, leg. S. Medrano ( CPIC 01130 ) . Onekahakaha , Hilo , Hawai‘i, Hawaiian Islands, 26 July 2014, two specimens 12–20 mm preserved length, leg. S. Medrano ( CPIC 01132 ) . Merizo , Guam, intertidal, 16 June 2009, one specimen 12 mm preserved length, leg. E. Ornelas-Gatdula ( CPIC 00413 ) . In front of Bali Sol Hotel, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia (8°48.0′S, 115°14.0′E), intertidal, 22 May 1986, two specimens 35–40 mm preserved length, leg. J. McLean ( LACM 1986 - 164.16 ) . Cement Mixer Reef , Madang, Papua New Guinea, 4 December 2012, one specimen 14 mm preserved length, leg. J. Goodheart ( CPIC 00820 ) . Rempi , Madang, Papua New Guinea, 21 November 2012, one specimen 10 mm preserved length, leg. Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012 ( CASIZ 191380 ) . Kranket Island , Madang, Papua New Guinea (5°11′30.9″S, 145°49′6.7″E), 6 November 2012, one specimen 6 mm preserved length, leg. Papua New Guinea Biodiversity Expedition 2012 ( CASIZ 191000 ) . Platier Flacourt , Taolagnaro, Madagascar (25°1.7′S, 47°0.1′E), 13 May 2010, two specimens 24–25 mm preserved length, leg. Atimo Vatae Expedition ( CASIZ 194443 ) . Plage Monseigneur , Taolagnaro, Madagascar (25°2.1′S, 46°59.9′E), 15 May 2010, two specimens 18–26 preserved length, leg. Atimo Vatae Expedition ( CASIZ 1 9 4 4 2 8) . Shib Ammar , Saudi Arabia (19°34.232′N, 40°0.519′E), 20 m depth, 3 March 2013, tissue sample, leg. A. Anker ( CASIZ 192302 ) .

Description

External morphology: Body up to 100 mm long, oval to elongate, flattened, broader posteriorly, narrowing gradually towards head. Dorsum covered with small, rounded, scattered tubercles, each with retractile, highly ramified, papilla on apex; tubercles typically tightly arranged, giving animal bumpy ( Fig. 3A, G) or rough appearance ( Fig. 3C–F), in some specimens surrounded by large areas of smooth tissue ( Fig. 3B). Rhinophores enrolled, elongated. Oral tentacles wide, short, enrolled, with narrower bases. Parapodia fused together except for short region in posterior midline, forming two small flaps. Flaps partially overlapping in middle (right parapodium partially covers left one), allowing enough space anteriorly for inhalant opening and posteriorly for exhalant siphon to protrude. External sperm groove clearly visible on right side of animal, between mantle cavity and base of right oral tentacle.

Colour: Background colour variable, pink, purple, dark brown, or red, with spots and/or irregular patches of different colours. Mantle margin with same general colour as rest of body. Ventral side typically brown with numerous white, green or brown spots.

Digestive system: Radular formulae: 38 × 78.1.41 (CPIC 00336), 37 × 62.1.56 (CPIC 00336), 25 × 58.1.70 (LACM 1986-164.1), 28 × 56.1.46 (CPIC 00820); radulae typically asymmetrical, with more teeth in one half-row. Rachidian teeth with robust central cusp, two large denticles on each side ( Fig. 4A, D); teeth wider at base, both upper and lower ends of teeth convex. Lateral teeth elongate ( Fig. 4B, E), with long bases; each cusp with basal, blunt, inner denticle, apex bifurcated into two blunt denticles equal in size. Outer teeth very elongate ( Fig. 4C, F), with or without a secondary denticle, apex bifurcate or simple. Jaws with simple, irregular denticles ( Fig. 4J). Two elongate structures (post-radular armature) located posterior to radula, at oesophagus insertion point, with numerous spines with elongate bases, triangular cusps ( Fig. 4K). Gizzard plates variable in shape, typically irregular, with some striations more visible near centre ( Fig. 4G–I).

Shell: Shell flat, well calcified, oval ( Fig. 5); nucleus conspicuous, formed by single lobe, occasionally two ( Fig. 4L–O). On apertural view with nucleus on upper end, left side of shell either concave or straight. Right side of shell convex, narrower near nucleus, typically widening abruptly near apical end, but more gradually in some specimens. Widest portion of shell mid-length forward, generally close to nucleus. Sculpture of conspicuous growth lines.

Male reproductive system: Penial canal large, muscular, lacking tubercles, with two proximal retractor muscles, one on each side of opening into body wall ( Fig. 6C, D). Penial canal narrows and expands abruptly into oval penial sheath containing penial papilla. Oval section connects to large, strong retractor muscle connecting to ventral side of body wall internally. Penial papilla elongate, with curved cusp and longitudinal groove ( Fig. 6A, B).