Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), 2021

Cain, Shlomo, Gefen, Eran & Prendini, Lorenzo, 2021, Systematic Revision Of The Sand Scorpions, Genus Buthacus Birula, 1908 (Buthidae C. L. Koch, 1837) Of The Levant, With Redescription Of Buthacus Arenicola (Simon, 1885) From Algeria And Tunisia, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2021 (450), pp. 1-137 : 95

Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892) , stat. rev.

Figures 10 , 15 , 16C, D , 19C, D , 21H , 22E , 23B ,

Figures

FIGURE 10. Map of the Fertile Crescent, plotting known locality records for Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., in Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Syria and Turkey, based on material examined for the present study and the literature. White symbol denotes type locality whereas gray symbol denotes type locality of the junior synonym, Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912.

FIGURE 15. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) plots for A, male and B, female Buthacus Birula, 1908, based on 24 morphometric ratios and counts, for 79 adults (each symbol represents an individual): Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov. (white triangles); Buthacus arava, sp. nov. (black triangles); Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885) (white inverted triangles); Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829) (white circles); Buthacus levyi, sp. nov. (white squares); Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov. (white diamonds); Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev. (black circles); Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev. (black squares).

FIGURE 16. Buthacus Birula, 1908, carapace, dorsal aspect. A, B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., A. Paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3287),B. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561).C, D. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat.rev.,C. Lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912, D. Paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452). E, F. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., E. ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3344), F. ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 19. Buthacus Birula, 1908, sternum, genital opercula and pectines, ventral aspect. A, B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., A. Paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3287), B. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). C, D. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., C. Lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912, D. Paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452). E, F. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., E. ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3344), F. ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 21. Buthacus Birula, 1908, dextral pedipalp chela movable finger, dorsal aspect, illustrating dentition. A. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480). B. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3290). C. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). D. Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829), ♂ (HUJ INVSC 859). E, F. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., E. Holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082), F. Paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3252). G. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3227). H. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. I. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3302). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Buthacus Birula, 1908, dextral legs I–IV, basitarsus and telotarsus, ventral aspect. A. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). B. Buthacus levyi, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 2082). C. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype♂ (HUJ INVSC 3295). D. Buthacus leptochelys (Ehrenberg, 1829), ♀ (HUJ INVSC 1807). E. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., lectotype ♂ (NHMW 2453) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. F. Buthacus nitzani Levy et al., 1973, stat. nov., ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3226). G. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3302). H. Buthacus amitaii, sp. nov., holotype ♂ (HUJ INVSC 3480). Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 23. Buthacus Birula, 1908, metasomal segments I–V and telson, dorsal aspect. A. Buthacus arava, sp. nov., paratype ♀ (HUJ INVSC 2561). B. Buthacus tadmorensis (Simon, 1892), stat. rev., paralectotype ♀ (NHMW 2452) of Buthus pietschmanni Penther, 1912. C. Buthacus yotvatensis Levy et al., 1973, stat. rev., ♀ (HUJ INVSC 3318). D. Buthacus arenicola (Simon, 1885), ♂ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.