Cylapinus minusculus Carvalho, 1986

Wolski, Andrzej, 2021, Revised classification of the New World Cylapini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Cylapinae): taxonomic review of the genera Cylapinus, Cylapoides and Peltidocylapus and a morphology-based phylogenetic analysis of tribe Cylapini, Zootaxa 5074 (1), pp. 1-66 : 59-60

Cylapinus minusculus Carvalho, 1986

( Figs 3a , 7a , 8a , 10a , 11a–d , 12a–c , 15d–f , 20b , 21b )

Cylapinus minusculus Carvalho, 1986: 592 , figs 10–13 (new species).

Cylapinus minusculus: Carvalho & Froeschner 1990: 319 (list); Schuh 1995: 21 (catalog); Gorczyca 2006a: 13 (catalog)

Diagnosis. Recognized by the following set of features: scutellum from entirely pale to dark castaneous with pale apex ( Fig. 3a ); corium with medial pale patch broad, bordering embolium and clavus ( Fig. 3a ); bursa copulatrix broader than wide, anterior margin weakly removed from first gonapophyses ( Fig. 15f ), sclerotized rings strongly curved, occupying almost entire lateral portion of bursa copulatrix ( Fig. 15e, f ); vlp without any sclerotization ( Fig. 15d ).

Redescription (composite description based on Carvalho 1986 and 18 additional specimens). Male. COLORATION ( Fig. 3a , 7a ). Head. Entirely dark castaneous to black, sometimes with pale patch on vertex; antennal segment I yellow, sometimes tinged with red; segment II varying from yellow with dark castaneous or dark brown apical two-thirds to entirely dark castaneous or dark brown; segments III and IV dark castaneous, basal one-fourth of segment III yellow; labium yellow, segment IV largely fuscous. Thorax. Pronotum. Dark castaneous to black. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Varying from entirely pale to dark castaneous with pale apex. Thoracic pleura. Varying from red or dark castaneous with yellow areas to entirely black; metathoracic scent gland evaporative area yellow. Hemelytron. Brown to dark brown with large, yellow areas; clavus brown to dark brown, sometimes with thin, yellow stripe along entire length; corium brown to dark brown with broad, yellow patch medially from clavus to embolium and cuneus varying from uniformly yellow to yellowish brown; membrane pale fuscous. Legs. Coxae yellow, sometimes weakly tinged with red; tibiae and femora yellow broadly tinged with red; tarsi varying from yellow to yellowish brown. Abdomen. Varying from yellow tinged with brown to entirely dark brown. TEXTURE AND VESTITURE. Vestiture as in generic description. Thorax. Thoracic pleura. Ventral surface of mesepimeron, anterior margin of metepisternum, posterior and ventral surface of metepisternum with characteristically perforated surface. STRUCTURE ( Figs 3a , 7a , 11a–d ). Thorax. Pronotum. Collar narrow, narrower than antennal segment I diameter; calli moderately developed, narrower than eye diameter. Abdomen. Anterior margin of abdominal segment I narrowly covered with perforated surface. Genitalia. Endosoma with well–developed, straight medial sclerite ( Fig. 12a ); secondary gonopore well differentiated ( Fig. 12a ); left paramere C-shaped, apical process when viewed laterally weakly curved, almost straight, somewhat widened subapically, narrowly tapering toward apex; paramere body in lateral view thin weakly tapering toward apex; sensory lobe well-developed, rounded ( Fig. 12b ); right paramere with apical process short, weakly narrowed toward apex when viewed laterally; sensory lobe prominent, rounded ( Fig. 12c ).

Female. Like male in coloration, structure, texture, and vestiture. Genitalia. Bursa copulatrix extending laterally beyond first gonapophysis, crescent-like ( Fig. 15f ); sclerotized rings paired, narrow, strongly arcuate ( Figs 15f, e ); spermathecal gland originating from area situated between lateral oviducts ( Fig. 15f ); ventral labiate plate without any sclerotization its surface weakly squamate ( Fig. 15d ); vestibulum without any sclerite ( Fig. 20b ); first valvula with ventral margin more or less arcuate, dorsal margin sinuate, strongly convex subapically ( Fig. 21b ); second valvula with ventral margin arcuate, dorsal margin weakly sinuate, strongly serrate; posterior wall of bursa copulatrix membranous.

Measurements. (♂ / ♀, *: holotype measurements): Body. Length: 2.8*–3.3/3.40–3.45, width 1.20*–1.40/1.40– 1.55. Head. Length: 0.30*–0.35/0.30–0.36, width: 0.70*–0.83/0.85, interocular distance 0.25–0.30*/0.28. Antenna. Length of segment I: 0.28–0.50, 0.30*/0.50, II: 0.80*–0.90/0.88–0.90, III (mutilated in holotype): 0.90–0.92/0.95, IV mutilated in holotype): 1.45/1.70. Labium. Length of segment I: 0.33/0.35–0.40, II: 0.38/0.35–0.43, III: 0.35/0.28– 0.30, IV: 0.28/0.28–0.30. Pronotum. Length 0.52–0.60*/0.55–0.60, width of anterior margin:0.60–0.65/0.68–0.70, length of lateral margin: 0.53–0.58/0.58–0.60, width of posterior margin: 1.10*–1.2/1.22.

Biology. Unknown.

Distribution. Brazil (Rondônia), Ecuador (Orellana), Guyana (Cuyuni–Mazaruni).

Type material (not examined). Holotype (♂): Brazil, Rondônia, Ji–Paraná , II.1983, equipe J. R. Arias (Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

Additional material examined. 1 ♀: Ecuador, Orellana Prov. [labeled Napo Prov. In error], Tiputini Biodiversity Stn., Tower 1, 0º 37’55” S, 76º08’39 W, 216 m, 4 July 1998, T.L. Erwin et al., collectors; insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichenous or bryophytic plants, Lot # 1863, Transect # T–7; 1 ♂: the same data except: 24 October 1994, Lot#1935, Transect #T–74; 3 ♂, 1 ♀: Ecuador, Orellana Prov. [labeled Napo Prov. In error], Res. Ethnica Waorani, 1 km. S, Onkone Gare Camp, Trans. Ent. , 4 Feb. 1996, 220m, 00º39’10”S, 76 º26’00”W, T.L. Erwin, et al., insecticidal fogging of mostly bare green leaves, some with covering of lichenous or bryophytic plants in terre firme forest Lot 1407, Trans. T–1; 4 ♂, 1 f #: the same data except: 1 ♂: Lot 1468; 1 f #: 8 Feb. 1996, Lot 1476, Trans. T–8; 1 ♂: 24 October, Transect T–4; 1 ♂: 22 October 1998, Lot#1974, Transect#T–8; 1 ♂: 3 July 1994, 73m mark Proj. MAXUS Lot 777; 1 ♂: 20 Jan 1994, Project MAXUS, Ar–x–trans 7.93m, Lot 619; 1 ♀: Guayana, Mazaruni, Potaro District Takutu Mountains , 6º15’ N, 59º5’ W, 14 December 1983; Malaise trap near stream in montane rainforest, EARTHWATCH Research Expedition, W. E. Steiner P. J. & Spangler collectors ( USNM) .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus photographs. a. Cylapinus minusculus (♂, Ecuador); b. Cylapinus yasunagai (holotype); c. Cylapoides bicolor (holotype); d. Cylapoides unicolor (♂, Ecuador).

FIGURE 7. Lateral view. a. Cylapinus minusculus (♀); b. Cylapinus yasunagai (paratype); c. Cylapoides unicolor (♀); d. Peltidocylapus calyciformis (paratype); e. Peltidocylapus cerbereus (lectotype).

FIGURE 8. Head and pronotum, anterior (a–j, l, m) and lateral (k) views. a. Cylapinus yasunagai (paratype); b. Cylapoides unicolor (♀); c. Cylapus ruficeps Bergroth (♂); d. Cylapus tenuicornis (♂); e. Peltidocylapus calyciformis (paratype); f. Peltidocylapus caudatus (paratype); g. Peltidocylapus rugosus (holotype); h. Peltidocylapus simplex (paratype); i. Cylapomorpha sp. (♂); j, k. Vanniusoides clypeatus (paratype); l. Fulvius pallens (♂); m. Rhinocylapus vittatus (♀).

FIGURE 10. Scanning electron micrographs. a. Pronotum (left lateral view); b–h. Thoracic pleura; i–m. Metatarsus. n, o. Pretarsal claw. a. Valdasus schoechnerri; b. Amapacylapus amapariensis; c, i. Cylapus tenuicornis; d. Peltidocylapus scutellaris; e, j. Valdasus henryi; f. Bothriomiris dissimulans; g. Cylapocoris sp.; h. Psallops sp.; k, o. Vannius sp.; l. Fulvius sp.; m. Cylapocoris sp.; n. Cylapinus minusculus.

FIGURE 11. Scanning electron micrographs. a, e, g, m. Dorsal habitus; b, n. Lateral habitus; h, l. Scutellum; c, f, i. Thoracic pleura; d, j, o. Tarsus. k. Pretarsal claw. a–d. Cylapinus minusculus; e, f. Cylapoides unicolor; g–j. Peltidocylapus caudatus; k. Peltidocylapus calyciformis; l. Peltidocylapus ecuadorensis; m–o. Peltidocylapus scutellaris.

FIGURE 12. Male genitalia. a, d, g, j, p. Endosoma (dorsal view); b, e, h, m, s. Left paramere (right lateral view). c, f, i, o, u. Right paramere (left lateral view); n, t. Left paramere (dorsal view). k, q. Transparent portion of distal sclerotized portion of ductus seminis inside endosoma; l, r. Endosoma (ventral view). a–c. Cylapinus minusculus; d–f. Cylapinus yasunagai; g–i. Cylapoides unicolor; j–o. Peltidocylapus calyciformis; p–u. Peltidocylapus caudatus. ap = apical process; bp = basal process; dss = distal part of ductus seminis inside endosoma; pb = paramere body; sl = sensory lobe. Scale bars 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 15. Female genitalia. a, b, f, g, h. Bursa copulatrix (dorsal view); c, d. Ventral labiate plate; e. Sclerotized rings of dorsal labiate plate. a. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b, c. Amapacylapus unicolor; d–f. Cylapinus minusculus; g. Cylapoides unicolor; h. Cylapomorpha sp. dlp = dorsal labiate plate; odl = lateral oviduct; sd = seminal depository; sg = spermathecal gland; sr = sclerotized ring; vlp = ventral labiate plate.

FIGURE 20. Female genitalia. Vestibular area. a. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b. Cylapinus minusculus; c. Cylapoides unicol- or; d. Cylapus antennatus; e. Cylapus citus; f. Cylapus tenuicornis; g. Peltidocylapus parallelus; h. Valdasus flavinotum.

FIGURE 21. Female genitalia, ovipositor. a–i. Apex of first gonapophysis; j–q. Apex of second gonapophysis. a, j. Amapacylapus amapariensis; b. Cylapinus minusculus; c, k. Cylapoides unicolor; d, l. Cylapomorpha sp.; e, m. Cylapus amazonicus; f, n. Cylapus citus; g, o. Cylapus ruficeps; h, p. Peltidocylapus ecuadorensis; i, q. Peltidocylapus parallelus.