Clavatula ’ romana ( Defrance, 1826 )

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard & Janssen, Ronald, 2022, The Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations on fossil and extant Clavatulidae genera, Zootaxa 5123 (1), pp. 1-172 : 29-30

‘ Clavatula ’ romana ( Defrance, 1826)

Figs 12A 1 –A 3, 3H , 5 , 6

* Pleurotoma romana Def. — Defrance 1826: 393.

Clavatula Romana Defr. —Hoernes 1891: 127 [non ‘ Clavatula ’ romana Defrance, 1826 ].

Pleurotoma (Clavatula) Romana Defr. — Hoernes & Auinger 1891: 339, pl. 43, figs 4a–b [non ‘ Clavatula ’ romana Defrance, 1826 ].

Clavatula Romana (Defr.) — Bellardi 1877: 172, pl. 5, fig. 36

Clavatula Romana (Defr.) — Cossmann 1896: 66, pl. 5, fig. 2.

Trachelochetus romanus ( Defrance, 1826) — Malatesta 1974: 415, pl. 31, fig. 20.

Trachelochetus romanus (De France [sic], 1826)— Chirli 1997: 32, pl. 9, figs 1–4.

Clavatula (Trachelochetus) romana ( Defrance, 1826) — Scarponi & Della Bella 2004: 35, figs 29–31.

Type material. The type material was stored in Caen ( France) but was destroyed during World War II ( Scarponi & Della Bella 2004)

Illustrated material. NHMW 1999/0098/0004, Modra-Kráľová ( Slovakia), SL: 26.9 mm, MD: 10.5 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1891, pl. 43, figs 4a–b), figs 12A 1 –A 3, 3H.

Revised description (referring to Paratethyan specimen). Shell medium-sized, solid, moderately broad biconic; apical angle 38°. Protoconch not preserved. Teleoconch of about nine whorls. Early teleoconch whorls flat-sided with tripartite sculpture; indistinctly beaded subsutural spiral cord, central cord of similar width, suprasutural cord with slightly larger beads. Beads arranged axially into opisthocline riblets. On fifth teleoconch whorl subsutural collar sharply delimited, central cord fades, mid-portion becomes concave, suprasutural row of beads becomes larger and less numerous. Suture narrowly incised, undulating below beads. Entire shell surface including beads covered with narrow spiral cords. Last whorl ~65% of total height; subsutural collar medium width, sharply delimited, indistinctly beaded, subsutural ramp of moderate width, concave, delimited by tuberculose shoulder, convex below, moderately constricted at base. Siphonal fasciole indistinct, nearly straight with weak growth increments. Sculpture of about 15 weakly beaded spiral cords below ramp extending to fasciole. Aperture moderately narrow, pyriform. Outer lip not thickened, with ten short, prominent lirae within. Anal sinus moderately wide and shallow, asymmetrically U-shaped, with apex just below subsutural collar. Siphonal canal moderately long, moderately narrow, slightly deflected to the left, shallowly notched at tip. Columella weakly excavated, smooth. Columellar and parietal callus thickened, sharply delimited, forming broad callus rim.

Discussion. This species is unique within the Paratethyan Clavatulidae due to its biconic outline and high base. ‘ Clavatula ’ romana ( Defrance, 1826) , which was originally described from the Mediterranean Pliocene, is a very variable species concerning number and strength of beads ( Scarponi & Della Bella 2004; Landau & Harzhauser in press). The single Paratethyan specimen falls well in the range of this species as documented from numerous specimens from the Pliocene of Estepona ( Spain) (Landau & Harzhauser in press).

This species was placed by Scarponi & Della Bella (2004) in the subgenus Trachelochetus Cossmann, 1889 , which was based by Cossmann (1889: 250) on the Eocene Pleurotoma desmia Edwards, 1857 . This species has a high spire, a low last whorl, and a mid-whorl angulation on the spire whorls (see https://science.mnhn.fr/institution/ mnhn/collection/f/item/j08803?listIndex=9). Therefore, it has a different mode of shell formation than ‘ Clavatula ’ romana and a closer relationship between these species is unlikely.

Paleoenvironment. Inner neritic environments close to the shore ( Hladilová & Fordinál 2013).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Late Badenian (middle Miocene): Danube Basin: Modra-Kráľová ( Slovakia) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1891).

(Proto-)Mediterranean Sea: Pliocene: Italy ( Bellardi 1877; Malatesta 1974; Scarponi & Della Bella 2004), Spain (Estepona Basin) ( Landau & Harzhauser 2022).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Map of central and south–eastern Europe, representing the area that was partly covered by the Central Paratethys Sea. The white insert corresponds to the area that is restored in the palaeogeographic map below. B. Paleogeography of the Middle Miocene Paratethys Sea showing the most important sedimentary basins (NAFB: North Alpine Foreland Basin, E.-Sopr B: Eisenstadt–Sopron Basin).

FIGURE 3. Early teleoconch whorls of extant and fossil Clavatulidae species. A. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), NHMW 1683 6/28, West Africa. B. Clavatula rubrifasciata (Reeve, 1845), NHMW 10203, Gorée (Senegal). C. ‘Clavatula’ diadema (Kiener, 1839), NHMW 1884/0010/0023, Gorée (Senegal). D. ‘Clavatula’ mystica (Reeve, 1843), MNHN-IM-2013-59897, Est de l'ile de Gorée (Senegal). E. ‘Clavatula’ bimarginata (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN-IM-2013-43369, Dakar (Senegal). F. ‘Clavatula’ pyramidata (Kiener, 1839), MNHN-IM-2009-24982, Baie de Pointe-Noire (Republique du Congo). G. Clavatula sorini nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1874/0025/0046, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). H. ‘Clavatula’ romana (Defrance, 1826), NHMW 1999/0098/0004, Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia). I. ‘Clavatula’ interrupta (Brocchi, 1814), NHMW 1861/0033/0420, Buituri (Romania). J. ‘Clavatula’ hirmetzli Kovács & Vicián, 2021, NHMW 1868/0001/0069, Baden-Sooss (Austria). K. ‘Clavatula’ irisae nov. sp., NHMW 2021/0126/0001, holotype, Gainfarn (Austria). L. ‘Clavatula’ sophiae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 2021/0127/0001, Enzesfeld (Austria). M. ‘Clavatula’ veronicae (Hoernes &Auinger, 1891), NHMW 1855/0043/0044b, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). N. ‘Clavatula’ santhai Kovács & Vicián, 2021, holotype, HNHM, PAL 2021.20.1, Letkés (Hungary).O. ‘Clavatula’ camillae (Hoernes &Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0042, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). P. Megaclavatula amaliae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0049, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Q. Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2021/0127/0003, Enzesfeld (Austria). R. Megaclavatula laevigata (Eichwald, 1830), NHMW 1853/0038/0035a, Korytnica (Poland). S. Megaclavatula pilleri nov. sp., holotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0051a, Baden-Sooss (Austria). T. Megaclavatula polonica (Pusch, 1837), NHMW 1862/0001/0324, Bad Vöslau (Austria).U. Granulatocincta angelae (Hoernes &Auinger, 1891), paralectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0099, Möllersdorf (Austria). V. Granulatocincta granulatocincta (Münster in Goldfuss, 1841), NHMW 1846/0028/0009, Enzesfeld (Austria). W. Granulatocincta nataliae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), NHMW 1855/0035/0021, holotype, Belgrade/Rakovica (Serbia). X. Granulatocincta schreibersi (Hörnes, 1854), paralectotype, NHMW1997z0178/1133, Bad Vöslau (Austria).Y. Granulatocincta callim nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2021/0128/0001, Bad Sauerbrunn (Austria). Z. Granulatocincta contorta (Švagrovský, 1958), holotype, SNMB Z 3076, Kuzmice (Slovakia), Aa. Granulatocincta theoderichi nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2016/0026/0320b, Ritzing (Austria). Ab. Olegia doderleini (Hörnes, 1854), paralectotype, NHMW 1858/0015/0147, Wiesen (Austria). Ac. Olegia mandici nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1872/0031/0008a, Bekića vrelo, Čremušnica at Donji Kirin (Croatia). Ae. Olegia dorotheae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), paralectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0040, Kleinebersdorf (Austria). Scale bar is 5 mm for all specimens except for Granulatocincta contorta, Olegia doderleini and O. mandici.

FIGURE 5. Anal sinus morphology of Paratethyan Clavatulidae.

FIGURE 6. Apertures of Paratethyan Clavatulidae (C. = Clavatula, ‘C.’ = ‘Clavatula’, G. = Granulatocincta, M. = Megaclavaltula, O. = Olegia).

FIGURE 12 A1–A3. ‘Clavatula’ romana (Defrance, 1826), NHMW 1999/0098/0004, Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia). B1–B3. ‘Clavatula’ interrupta (Brocchi, 1814), NHMW 1861/0033/0420, Buituri (Romania). C1–C2. ‘Clavatula’ hirmetzli Kovács & Vicián, 2021, holotype, PAL 2021.1.1., Letkés (Hungary). D1–D2. ‘Clavatula’ hirmetzli Kovács & Vicián, 2021, NHMW 1868/0001/0069, Baden-Sooss (Austria). E. ‘Clavatula’ hirmetzli Kovács & Vicián, 2021, paratype, PAL 2021.2.1., Letkés (Hungary). F1–F3. ‘Clavatula’ irisae nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2021/0126/0003, Gainfarn (Austria). G1–G3. ‘Clavatula’ irisae nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1846/0037/0307, Enzesfeld (Austria).