Protomyzostomum lingua, Summers, Mindi M., Al-Hakim, Iin Inayat & Rouse, Greg W., 2014

Summers, Mindi M., Al-Hakim, Iin Inayat & Rouse, Greg W., 2014, Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida), Zootaxa 3873 (4), pp. 301-344 : 322-324

publication ID	https://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84F8465A-595F-4C16-841E-1A345DF67AC8
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6138535
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039287ED-AD4B-FFDD-CF9C-FE75FEC6FDB0
treatment provided by	Plazi (2016-04-17 23:40:51, last updated 2022-02-18 11:29:44)
scientific name	Protomyzostomum lingua
status	n. sp.

Treatment

Protomyzostomum lingua n. sp. Summers & Rouse

Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A–F

Holotype: SIO-BIC A 4088 (S 1976) paragenophore (1 spm: in 70 % ethanol after formalin fixation). Discovery Bank, Antarctica (Stn. DB 1-67)(60 ° 7 ' 38.733 "S, 34 ° 54 ' 11.1954 "W), 379 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 15 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team.

Host. Gorgonocephalus chilensis (Philippi) ( Gorgonocephalidae , Euryalida , Ophiuroidea). SIO-BIC E 6110 (S 4088) ( DNA subsample only). Genbank (COI—KM 491789).

Paratypes: SIO-BIC A 3226 (S 1977) paragenophore (2 spms: 1 —in 70 % ethanol after formalin fixation; 1—95 % ethanol), SIO-BIC A 3238 (S 1976) paragenophores (2 spms: 1 —in 70 % ethanol after formalin fixation; 1—95 % ethanol). Genbank (COI—KM014171). Same host and locality as holotype. SIO-BIC A 3227 (S 4381) syngenophores (2 spms: 1 —form and 1—95 % ethanol). Discovery Bank, Antarctica (Stn. DB 1-58)(60 ° 6 ' 39.726 "S, 34 ° 49 ' 35.7594 "W), 439 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 13 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6109 (S 4561) ( DNA subsample only). SIO-BIC A 3244 syngenophore (S 1034) (1 spm: in 70 % ethanol after formalin fixation). Discovery Bank, Antarctica (Stn. DB 1-74)(60 ° 8 ' 15.3594 "S, 34 ° 51 ' 38.6274 "W), 407– 409 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 16 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6111 (S 1033) ( DNA subsample only). SIO- BIC A 3853 (S 5732) syngenophores (2 spms: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1- 106)(54 ° 39 ' 54.039 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 8.682 "W), 307 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6136 (S 5660). SIO-BIC A 3854 (S 5733) syngenophore (1 spm: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1-106)(54 ° 39 ' 54.039 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 8.682 "W), 307 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6137 (S 5661); Genbank (COI—KM 491788). SIO-BIC A 3855 (S 5734) syngenophore (1 spm: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1-106)(54 ° 39 ' 54.039 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 8.682 "W), 307 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6134 (S 5658). SIO-BIC A 3856 syngenophore (S 5735) (1 spm: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1-106)(54 ° 39 ' 54.039 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 8.682 "W), 307 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6135 (S 5659). SIO-BIC A 3857 (S 5737) syngenophores (2 spms: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1-106)(54 ° 39 ' 54.039 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 8.682 "W), 307 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6141 (S 5665). SIO-BIC A 3858 (S 5737) syngenophores (5 spms: 95 % ethanol). Same host and locality as SIO-BIC A 3857. SIO-BIC A 4005 (S 5541) syngenophore (1 spm: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1- 104)(54 ° 39 ' 2.8794 "S, 60 ° 1 ' 36.4614 "W), 195 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6130 (S 5600). SIO-BIC A 4006 (S 5543) syngenophore (1 spm: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1-104)(54 ° 39 ' 2.8794 "S, 60 ° 1 ' 36.4614 "W), 195 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis . SIO-BIC A 4003 (S 5739) syngenophore (3 spms: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1- 107)(54 ° 40 ' 17.328 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 1.428 "W), 305 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6147 (S 5730). SIO-BIC A 4004 (S 5738) syngenophores (5 spms: 95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BB 1-107)(54 ° 40 ' 17.328 "S, 61 ° 14 ' 1.428 "W), 305 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 31 October 2011 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, MMS, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6145 (S 5669). SIO-BIC A 4022 ( S 21383 View Materials ) syngenophores (2 spms: 1 —in 70 % ethanol after formalin fixation; 1—95 % ethanol). Burdwood Banks, Antarctica (Stn. BBW- 78)(53 ° 58 ' 9.4794 "S, 61 ° 28 ' 2.28 "W), 158 m. Collected via the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer using a Blake trawl on 5 May 2013 by Nerida Wilson, GWR, and science team. Host: Gorgonocephalus chilensis , SIO-BIC E 6150 ( S 21308 View Materials ).

Etymology. Latin for tongue, named for its resemblance to a mammalian tongue.

Diagnosis and description. Holotype recovered from host’s bursa ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 A–B). Body elongate, rounded posteriorly and anteriorly ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 C–F). Length ~ 1.3 cm, width ~ 6 mm following fixation. Mouth and cloaca terminal. Five pairs of low parapodia with chaetae small and barely emergent. Orange in life, color faded in preservative.

Remarks. Four species of Protomyzostomum have been previously described— Protomyzostomum glanduliferum Bartsch & Faubel, 1995 , P. polynephris Fedotov, 1912 , P. astrocladi Fedotov, 1925 , and P. sagamiense Okada, 1922 . Protomyzostomum polynephris and P. sagamiense were recorded from basketstar hosts ( Gorgonocephalus ), from Arctic and Japanese waters respectively. Protomyzostomum glanduliferum is known from Antarctic waters, but inhabits the brittlestar Ophiacantha antarctica . Sequences of Lanterbecq et al. (2006) for P. glanduliferum and P. polynephris were found to be incorrect in Summers & Rouse (2014). An undescribed myzostomid has also been recorded from another Antarctic brittlestar, Ophionotus victoriae Bell, 1902 by Bartsch & Faubel, 1995.

References

Lanterbecq, D., Rouse, G. W., Milinkovitch, M. C. & Eeckhaut, I. (2006) Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate multiple independent emergences of parasitism in Myzostomida (Protostomia). Systematic Biology, 55, 208 - 227. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1080 / 10635150500481317

Bartsch, I. & Faubel, A. (1995) Protomyzostomum glanduliferum n. sp., a new myzostomid from the Antarctic ophiuroid Ophiacantha disjuncta. Mitteilungen aus dem Hamburgischen Zoologischen Museum und Institut, 92, 35 - 43.

Fedotov, D. (1912) Protomyzostomum polynephris, eine neue Myzostomidenart. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 39, 649 - 653.

Fedotov, D. M. (1925) Uber eine neue Art von Protomyzostomum (Pr. astrocladi, sp. n.) aus Astrocladus. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 73, 183 - 194.

Okada, Y. (1922) On a new Protomyzostomum (P. sagamiense, sp. nov.) from the ovary of Gorgonocephalus. Annotationes Zoologicae Japonenses, 10, 165 - 169.

Summers, M. M. & Rouse, G. W. (2014) Phylogeny of Myzostomida (Annelida) and their relationships with echinoderm hosts. BMC Evolutionary Biology, 14, 170. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1186 / s 12862 - 014 - 0170 - 7

Figures

FIGURE 7. (A – F) Live photographs of Protomyzostomum lingua n. sp. (A, B) in host, Gorgonocephalus chilensis, arrows show one specimen within bursa, (C, D) adults, ventral (C) and dorsal (D), (E, F) juveniles, ventral showing five pairs of parapodia and small chaetae. (G) Live photograph of infected Asteronyx longifissus, host of Protomyzostomum roseus n. sp., arrow indicating enlarged site of infection. (H – J) Protomyzostomum roseus n. sp. — (H, I) live photographs of paratypes (SIO- BIC 3797) in the host’s bursa (H) and removed (I); (J) stained thin section, abbreviations: chaetae (ch); gut (g); longitudinal muscle (lm); oocyte (o). Scale bars 1 cm (A, B, G); 1 mm (C – F, H – I); 100 µm (J).