ALATINIDAE Gershwin, 2005 a
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1080/00222933.2012.717645 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6AFA1E11-810D-4829-8751-A65D41FAF3EC |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0390350A-FFB8-DF2C-FE20-10C2FDC892B6 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
ALATINIDAE Gershwin, 2005 a |
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Family ALATINIDAE Gershwin, 2005 a View in CoL
Tentacles simple................................ Genus Alatina ( Figures 2E View Figure 2 , 3B, K View Figure 3 )
Tentacles branching distally............................ Genus Manokia (no figure) adradial Lying halfway between perradial and interradial plane area corrugata Area of muscular tissue that displays alternating ridges and grooves diverticula Sacs or pouches stemming from velarial canals exumbrella Outer surface of the bell of a medusa frenulum Perradial sheet of muscular tissue bracing the right-angle connection of velarium and subumbrella gastric phacellae Part of the digestive system of box jellyfish; usually comprised of bundles of cirri in the corners of the stomach gonad Interradial sheet of tissue containing eggs or spermatozoa interradial In box jellyfish the planes that are marked by the presence of pedalia and tentacles manubrium Cruciform or quadrangular tube of varying length or thickness projecting downward from the stomach mesentery Perradial sheet of tissue that attaches the stomach to the subumbrella nematocyst Capsule containing an oftentimes barbed tubule that delivers venom to predator or prey. Commonly referred to as
“stinging cell” nematocyst wart Dense accumulation of numerous cells containing nematocysts; visible to the naked eye as freckles or warts on the body of
the medusa pedalium Interradial muscular structures inserting at the base of each corner of the bell. Pedalia bear the tentacles of box jellyfish.
In Carybdeida each pedalium bears a single tentacle; in Chirodropida pedalia branch into numerous “fingers” distally, each
bearing a single tentacle pedalial canal Canal in the pedalium that connects the gastro-vascular system of the bell to the hollow tentacles perradial In box jellyfish the planes that are marked by the presence of rhopalia perradial lappet Muscular, triangular lappet of tissue in the perradius of the velarium rhopaliar horn Blind-ending canal that possesses an opening to the inside of the rhopaliar niche; function unknown rhopaliar niche Cavity that is open to the environment at the exumbrellar side of the bell; contains rhopalium rhopaliar niche ostium The exumbrellar opening of the rhopaliar niche; usually bearing covering scales rhopaliar window Tissue covering the rhopaliar niche on the subumbrellar side rhopalium Sensory structure bearing eyes and statocyst. In box jellyfish rhopalia possess a muscular stalk that allows for active
movement of the rhopalium stomach Sac-like enlargement of the gastro-vascular system in the upper portion of the subumbrellar cavity subumbrella Underside of the bell of a medusa subumbrellar cavity Cavity formed by the subumbrella velarium A circular flap of muscular tissue forming the opening of the subumbrellar cavity velarial canal Canal in the velarium that is connected to the gastro-vascular system
Alatina Gershwin, 2005a View in CoL (refer to Gershwin 2005a; Bentlage et al. 2010; Bentlage 2010 for reviews of the genus). Type species: Alatina mordens Gershwin, 2005a View in CoL , by original designation. Species: Alatina alata ( Reynaud, 1830) View in CoL nomen dubium; A. grandis (Agassiz and Mayer, 1902) View in CoL ; A. madraspanata (Menon, 1930) ; A. moseri (Mayer, 1906) View in CoL ; A. mordens Gershwin, 2005a View in CoL = A. moseri View in CoL ( Bentlage et al. 2010; Bentlage, 2010); A. obeliscus ( Haeckel, 1880) nomen dubium; A. philippina Haeckel, 1880 nomen dubium; A. pyramis ( Haeckel, 1880) View in CoL nomen dubium; A. rainiensis Gershwin, 2005 a ; A. turricula ( Haeckel, 1880) nomen dubium.
Manokia Southcott, 1967 View in CoL (refer to Gershwin 2005a for a review of the genus). Type species: Carybdea stiasnyi Bigelow, 1938 , by original designation. Species: Manokia stiasnyi (Bigelow, 1938) View in CoL .
Geographic distribution of the family
Global; tropical to temperate; neritic, and oceanic.
Remarks
Alatinidae sensu Gershwin (2005a) View in CoL contains all those Carybdeida View in CoL with crescentic gastric phacellae, comprised of long cirri arranged (more or less) in a single plane (i.e. the genera Alatina View in CoL and Manokia View in CoL ; Figure 3K View Figure 3 ). The rhopaliar niche ostia of Alatinidae View in CoL are T-shaped (i.e. comprised of a single upper covering scale and two well-developed lower covering scales; Figure 3B View Figure 3 ). Gershwin (2005a) also includes “3 or 4 more or less simple velarial canals per octant” in her diagnosis. This, however, provides problems for accommodating Alatina madraspanata , which clearly belongs to the family Alatinidae ( Gershwin 2005a) View in CoL but possesses more than four velarial canals per octant. Therefore, velarial canals should be omitted from the diagnosis of the family.
Among the Alatinidae View in CoL is A. alata View in CoL , a species originally classified as Carybdea alata ( Reynaud 1830; Gershwin 2005a). Over time, numerous species were synonymized with A. alata ( Mayer 1910; Kramp 1961), but were recently considered to be separate species ( Gershwin 2005a). Molecular genetic analysis, however, suggests that at least some of the nominal Alatina species may indeed be part of a more widespread speciesgroup ( Bentlage et al. 2010). In particular, A. moseri View in CoL and A. mordens View in CoL are presumed to be synonymous based on molecular genetic data (the mitochondrial ribosomal 16S gene; Bentlage et al. 2010), suggesting that the characters used to distinguish the two result from intra-specific rather than inter-specific variation. The biogeography of Alatina View in CoL makes it possible that additional species are part of a widespread species-group (Bentlage 2010). Therefore, the validity of many species of Alatina View in CoL remains questionable and the taxonomic characters used for species delineation need to be re-evaluated in light of molecular genetic data (Bentlage 2010; Bentlage et al. 2010). In particular, a neotype for A. alata , the type species of the genus Alatina View in CoL , should be designated, as this species was the earliest one described in the genus Alatina View in CoL . The name A. alata is prevalent throughout the literature (usually as Carybdea alata ), but based on its original description the species is unidentifiable ( Gershwin 2005a). A redescription of specimens from the Atlantic (the type locality of A. alata ) is forthcoming, but we do not designate a neotype for A. alata here.
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ALATINIDAE Gershwin, 2005 a
Bentlage, Bastian & Lewis, Cheryl 2012 |
Alatina
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatina mordens
Gershwin 2005 |
A. mordens
Gershwin 2005 |
A. rainiensis
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatinidae
sensu Gershwin 2005 |
Alatina
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatinidae
sensu Gershwin 2005 |
A. mordens
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatina
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatina
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatina
Gershwin 2005 |
Alatina
Gershwin 2005 |
Manokia
Southcott 1967 |
Manokia
Southcott 1967 |
Carybdea stiasnyi
Bigelow 1938 |
A. philippina
Haeckel 1880 |
Carybdeida
Gegenbaur 1857 |
Carybdea alata
Reynaud 1830 |
A. alata
Reynaud 1830 |
A. alata
Reynaud 1830 |
A. alata
Reynaud 1830 |
Carybdea alata
Reynaud 1830 |
A. alata
Reynaud 1830 |
A. alata
Reynaud 1830 |