Craspophorus reflexus

Häckel, Martin, 2016, A contribution to the knowledge of the subfamily Panagaeinae Hope, 1838 from Africa. Part 1. Revision of the Craspedophorus reflexus group (Coleoptera: Carabidae), Zootaxa 4061 (5), pp. 504-526 : 521-522

Key to species of Craspophorus reflexus group

1 Elytra black, unicolor.................................................................................. 2

- Each elytron with at least one orange humeral macula........................................................ 4

2 Elytral striation barely discernible, striae interrupted by large and deep punctures, in apical half punctures nearly quadrate with interspaces reduced to ridges elevated as much as centers of intervals ( Figs 27 b, c). Elytra punctate more randomly. Albertine Rift (western rim): Uganda to Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, northern and eastern South African Republic............... 3

- Elytral striae interrupted by rows of smaller and more densely spaced, mostly circular punctures; centers of intervals more elevated than spaces between punctures, which are lodges more deeply. Elytra punctate more evenly ( Figs 26 b, 27d). Albertine Rift (eastern rim): Iringa, Tanzania......................................................... C. ruvumanus sp. n.

3 Antennae with three basal antennomeres black; forelegs with 4th and 5th tarsores brownish. Pronotum with lateral margins moderately sinuate posteriad near the hind angles, this presenting very small but sharp dent; disc less coarsely punctured. Elytra with striae more deeply impressed, less coarsely punctured. Tarsi covered by ferruginous setae. Somewhat smaller species (22–23 mm). Albertine Rift, Uganda to DRC (Kivu).................................... C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930

- Antennae black throughout. Pronotum with lateral margins very weakly sinuate posteriad near the hind angles, which are moderately indented and obtuse; disc more coarsely punctured. Elytra with striae less deeply impressed, coarsely punctured. Tarsi covered by black setae. Somewhat larger species (23–24 mm). DR Congo, eastern Angola to Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and South Africa.................................................................. C. impictus (Boheman, 1838)

4 Each elytron ornamented by a single yellow macula in basal half, extending from 2nd to 8th interval; apical macula always absents. West of Central Africa (Nana-Mambéré)................................................ C. arnosti sp. n.

- Each elytron ornamented by two orange maculae, one in basal half and other in apical half, both encompassing spots on different intervals; if macula reduced, then spots always present at least on 6th and 4th intervals............................. 5

5 Terminal labial palpomere more dilated (securiform) than in other species of this group. Pronotal and elytral base parallels nearly throughout length (at least 9/10 of length), curves slightly forward only near hind angles. Pronotum punctate more sparsely and finely, disc strongly convex. Elytra with four orange maculae, each markedly larger than in other species because of its great width as well as length; humeral macula extending from 2nd interval to margin, preapical macula extending from 3rd to 8th interval. All macular spots very long, enlarging maculae, coloration resembling that in C. bifasciatus (Laporte de Castelnau, 1835) from Oriental Region, or Panagaeus cruxmajor (L., 1758) from Palearctic Region.................................................................................................... C. latemaculatus Burgeon, 1930

- Terminal labial palpomere more-or-less elongated, kidney-shaped. Pronotal and elytral base parallels only medially (ca. 3/5 of length), near hind angles curves forward in obligue fashion. Pronotum usually unevenly densely and coarsely punctate, disc only slightly convex. Elytra with maculae markedly smaller, because macular spots are much shorter................... 6

6 Elytral orange maculae strongly reduced, both humeral and preapical, humeral reduced to 2–5 macular spots, two elongated, located on 6th and 8th interval, one shorter on 4th interval; spots on 5th and 7th intervals markedly shorter or absent.......... 7

- Elytral orange maculae less reduced, humeral macula expanded, forming fascia, extending from 4th to 8th interval, with moreor-less serrate margins, often with shorter spot on 3rd interval and rarely also on 2nd interval, spot on 4th interval longer, almost as long as spot on 6th interval............................................................................ 10

7 Pronotum narrow, pronotal to elytral width ratio ≥ 1.5. Humeral macula comprised of three elongated spots on intervals 4th, 6th and 8th. Preapical macula also comprised of three spots, each with different length, located on same intervals as in humeral macula, in addition with a small yellow spot on 7th interval. Spot on 6th interval twice as long as spots on intervals 4th and 8th. DR Congo: Orientale Province....................................................... C. stanleyi Alluaud, 1930

- Pronotum wider, pronotal to elytral width ratio <1.5. Preapical macula with spot on 6th interval not more than one-half longer than spots on 4th and 8th intervals......................................................................... 8

8 Pronotum smaller, markedly narrower than elytra. Elytral striae densely and coarsely punctured. Humeral macula compact, extending from 4th to 8th interval, but macular spots short (at most twice longer than wide), present on each interval (4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th), mostly without absence on odd-numbered intervals. Somewhat smaller species (21 mm). Ethiopia, South Sudan..................................................................................... C. bozasi Alluaud, 1930

- Pronotum larger, almost as wide as elytra. Elytral striae punctured more finely or less densely. Humeral macula interrupted because spot on 5th interval is almost absent, spot on 7th interval is residual, rarely absent also. Larger species (22–27 mm).. 9

9 Preapical macula markedly oblique posterolaterally, toward suture displaced anteriorly by about three-fifths; macular spots longer than those in humeral macula, located on same intervals (4th, 6th, 8th), spot on 7th interval narrower, shorter and placed more posteriorly than others, and one small spot on 5th interval at level of posterior margins of both contiguous spots. Large species (22 mm), but somewhat smaller than following one. Congo (Brazzaville)............... C. lebaudyi Alluaud, 1932

- Preapical macula transverse. Macular spots as long as those of humeral macula, spot on 4th interval approximately as far from base as that on 7th interval. Larger species (23–28 mm). Southern Ethiopia, Kenya, Tanzania, Zanzibar............................................................................................... C. carbonarius ( Harold, 1879)

10 Pronotum more sinuate behind midlength, with distinct, almost rectangular hind angles. Elytra nearly glabrous, only lateral interstices with a few hairs; striae deep and punctured, intervals punctured densely and not too deeply. Both yellow elytral fasciae with spot on 5th interval much shorter than on others, but always present. DR Congo: Orientale Prov.................................................................................................... C. bonnyi Bates, 1886

- Pronotum less sinuate behind midlength. Surface coarsely sculptured and more densely setose. Humeral fascia with spot on 5th interval only slightly shorter than others................................................................... 11

11 Pronotum narrower, pronotal to elytral width ratio ≥ 1.5. Humeral macula with posterior margin strongly serrate; preapical macula comprised of three small triangular or ovoid spots covering intervals 4th, 6th and 8th. Somewhat smaller species, 22 mm. Democratic Congo: Bandundu Province................................................. C. buettneri Kolbe, 1889

- Pronotum wider, pronotal to elytral width ratio <1.5. Humeral macula with posterior margin weakly serrate; preapical macula extending from 4th to 8th interval, with spot on 6th interval prolonged more anteriorly than spot on 7th interval. Larger species, 23–29 mm. West Africa: Senegal to Ivory Coast....................................... C. reflexus ( Fabricius, 1781)

Figures

FIGURE 27. a. C. ethmoides Alluaud, 1930, HT (male), dorsal habitus; b. microsculpture of elytral humerus, dorsal view; c. left metepisternum outlined in yellow; d. MNHN labels; e. C. impictus (Boheman, 1848), female, Zanzibar, microsculpture of elytral humerus, dorsal view. f. C. ruvumanus sp. n., HT (male), microsculpture of elytral humerus, dorsal view.

FIGURE 26. C. ruvumanus sp. n. a. HT (male), dorsal habitus; b. microsculpture of elytral humerus, dorsal view; c. ventrites, ventral view; d. NMWC labels; e. left metepisternum, oblique ventral view; f. left metepisternum outlined in yellow.