Pteridaceae

Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R. & Prado, Jefferson, 2017, Prodromus of a fern flora for Bolivia. XXVII. Pteridaceae, Phytotaxa 332 (3), pp. 201-250 : 202-203

Key to the Bolivian genera of Pteridaceae

1 Sterile and fertile blades usually simple, in one species furcate at blade tip (vittarioid ferns) ........................................................ 2

- Blades (at least the fertile ones) pedate, pinnate, or more divided ................................................................................................... 8

2 Blades furcate, leaves 1–4 cm long; veins free ............................................................................................................ Hecistopteris

- Blades entire, leaves (5) 10–100 cm long; veins anastomosing, at least with a marginal commissural vein ................................... 3

3 Blades with 1 row of areoles between midribs and blade margins; paraphyses present .................................................................. 4

- Blades with 2 or more rows of areoles; paraphyses present or absent ............................................................................................. 5

4 Petioles red-brown; blades mostly> 4 mm wide; apical cells of paraphyses funnel-shaped ........................................ Radiovittaria

- Petioles greenish or yellowish; blades <4 mm wide; apical cells of paraphyses narrow ...................................................... Vittaria

5 Sori in lines parallel to costae ........................................................................................................................................................... 6

- Sporangia acrostichoid or in many, reticulating lines diverging from the costae ............................................................................. 7

6 Sori in 1 or 2 lines; spores reniform ........................................................................................................................... Ananthacorus

- Sori in (2)3 or 4 lines; spores tetrahedral ...................................................................................................................... Polytaenium

7 Sporangia developed only over veins; blades 1–4 cm wide; rhizomes short-creeping ................................................. Polytaenium

- Sporangia present over veins and areoles; blades (2) 5–13 cm wide; rhizomes long-creeping ................. Polytaenium (= Anetium )

8 Plants of aquatic habitats; sterile and fertile leaves dimorphic (subfam. Parkerioideae ) ................................................................. 9

- Plants of terrestrial habitats; leaves monomorphic or rarely dimorphic ......................................................................................... 10

9 Leaves pinnate, to 3 m long; petioles not swollen; sporangia acrostichoid .................................................................. Acrostichum

- Leaves 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 5-pinnate, to 30 cm long; petioles swollen; sporangia marginal .................................. Ceratopteris

10 Pseudoindusia veined, bearing the sporangia directly on the underside of the reflexed indusia ...................................... Adiantum

- Pseudoindusia absent or if present, lacking veins and not bearing sporangia (these located on the blade surfaces) ..................... 11

11 Pseudoindusia present; sporangia marginal .................................................................................................................................... 12

- Pseudoindusia lacking (sometimes pinna margins slightly recurved or inrolled, but not otherwise modified in Notholaena ); sporangia borne along the veins, at vein ends, or abaxially on the blade surfaces, not strictly marginal ...................................... 21

12 Sori paraphysate; awns often present on adaxial side of axes where segments diverge; leaves large, usually 80–300 cm long; proximal pinnae with basiscopically developed lobes or pinnules .......................................................................................... Pteris

- Sori lacking paraphyses; awns absent; leaves smaller, to 50(80) cm long; proximal pinnae with or without basiscopically developed lobes or pinnules ............................................................................................................................................................................. 13

13 Blades abaxially farinose; pseudoindusia highly modified, to 0.5 mm wide .............................................................. Aleuritopteris

- Blades abaxially glabrous, hairy, or scaly, usually not farinose, if so, pseudoindusia barely modifed, essentially the narrow, inrolled, blade margins ( Notholaena ) ........................................................................................................................................................... 14

14 Blades pedate .................................................................................................................................................................................. 15

- Blades 1-pinnate or more divided ................................................................................................................................................... 16

15 Blades scaly .................................................................................................................................................................... Cheilanthes

- Blades glabrous, or nearly so ( D. adornata has scattered scales on the blades) ............................................................ Doryopteris

16 Margins of ultimate segments crenate, blackish; blades 1-pinnate or palmate .............................................................. Doryopteris

- Margins of ultimate segments entire to sinuate, not blackish; blades 1-pinnate or more divided .................................................. 17

17 Pinnae simple, ternate, or 1-to 3-pinnate; ultimate segments stalked, glabrous, coriaceous, often bluish green .................. Pellaea

- Pinnae 1-pinnate-pinnatifid to 4-pinnate, ultimate segments sessile, glabrous, hairy or scaly, membranaceous to coriaceous, rarely bluish green .................................................................................................................................................................................... 18

18 Blades digitate or pinnate, glabrous (except for clavate hairs 0.1 mm long abaxially), thin to chartaceous; sori discrete, usually many per ultimate segment ............................................................................................................................................. Adiantopsis

- Blades pinnate, glabrous, hairy, or scaly, chartaceous to coriaceous; sori continuous or discrete ................................................. 19

19 Blades glabrous on both surfaces; ultimate segments oblong; basal basiscopic pinnules of proximal pinnae exagerrated, compared to more distal pinnules ............................................................................................................................................................... Gaga

- Blades hairy or scaly, at least abaxially; ultimate segments beadlike to oblong; basal basiscopic pinnules of proximal pinnae not or only slightly exagerrated, compared to more distal pinnules ......................................................................................................... 20

20 Segments beadlike to oblong, thin to thick; recurved blade margins often modified to form pseudoindusia ; vein ends often obvious as prominent hydathodes adaxially; spores 16 (apomicts) or 32 (sexual) per sporangium; spores echinate, granulose, or verrucate ......................................................................................................................................................................................... Cheilanthes

- Segments beadlike, relatively thick-textured; recurved blade margins not strongly modified; vein ends not forming obvious hydathodes near margins of ultimate segments; spores 32 (apomicts) or 64 (sexual) per sporangium; spores cristate to rugulose .. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Myriopteris

21 Rhizomes with hairs ....................................................................................................................................................................... 22

- Rhizomes with scales ..................................................................................................................................................................... 23

22 Pinnae at least lobed, often highly divided; pinna margins not or hardly inrolled; blades> 1.5 cm wide, usually with determinate growth ................................................................................................................................................................................ Eriosorus

- Pinnae entire, rounded, beadlike; pinna margins strongly inrolled; blades 0.5–1.5 cm wide, usually with indeterminate growth (persistent fiddleheads) ..................................................................................................................................................... Jamesonia

23 Blades simple to 1-pinnate (sometimes proximally 1-pinnate-pinnatifid) or pedate ..................................................................... 24

- Blades 1-pinnate-pinnatifid or more divided .................................................................................................................................. 25

24 Sterile blades 1-pinnate (sometimes proximally 1-pinnate-pinnatifid) or pedate; fertile leaves resembling the sterile ones ............. .......................................................................................................................................................................................... Hemionitis

- Sterile blades simple, in a basal rosette; fertile leaves erect, pinnate ............................................................................ Trachypteris

25 Pinnae adaxially with sparse, dissected scales, abaxially densely scaly ........................................................................... Astrolepis

- Pinnae adaxially glabrous, abaxially glabrous, farinose, or hairy .................................................................................................. 26

26 Ultimate segments petiolulate, discrete ..................................................................................................................... Argyrochosma

- Ultimate segments not petiolulate, not discrete .............................................................................................................................. 27

27 Sporangia (sori) on the vein ends; blades pentagonal .................................................................................................... Notholaena

- Sporangia along veins; blades lanceolate ....................................................................................................................................... 28

28 Sporophytes annual; rhizomes weakly developed, not bearing leaf bases from previous years; leaves 5–25 cm long ...................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................ Anogramma

- Sporophytes perennial; rhizomes well developed, bearing abundant leaf bases from previous years; leaves 30–120 cm long ......... ..................................................................................................................................................................................... Pityrogramma