Pseudosaldula perula (Drake) Plate

Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT, 2009, Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (323), pp. 1-102 : 50-55

Pseudosaldula perula (Drake) Plate 4; figures 1 , 3 , 13 ; map 9

Pentacora perula Drake, 1955: 156 (n. sp.). Oreokora perula : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.). Pseudosaldula perula : Schuh et al., 1987: 316 (n.

comb., cat.).

DIAGNOSIS: Recognized by the vestiture of the dorsum consisting of medium length reclining black setae intermixed with golden, shining setae, and extensive pruinose areas on clavus and corium, with only the embolar area narrowly polished. Similar to P. aurea in type of vestiture, but setae on dorsum long and shaggy and radial vein polished over entire length in that species. Distribution of P. perula ranging from northern Peru to northern Argentina, whereas P. aurea known only from northern Argentina.

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 2.90, width pronotum 1.10. COLORATION (pl. 4): Hemelytron almost entirely dark with cells of membrane at least partially pale and corium and clavus with extensive pruinose areas; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to moderately darkened, segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including at least apical portion of coxae, largely pale with some areas of infuscation; apex of foretibia with a narrow, contrasting brown band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): Hemelytron, including membrane, dull except anterior half of radial vein and embolar area of exocorium variably polished. Vestiture of the dorsum consisting of medium length, reclining, black setae intermixed with golden shining setae, these also occurring on veins of membrane in brachypterous forms. STRUCTURE (pl. 4): Known only from teardrop shaped brachypterous forms. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins nearly straight, distinctly narrowing anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing always with five distinct cells. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 3 , 13A, B ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin nearly straight; posterior margin emarginated medially. Parameres: Processus sensualis with,20 setae.

Female (pl. 4): Total length 3.64, width pronotum 1.40. COLORATION (pl. 4): Coloration of hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark to largely pale with a contrasting dark area in exocorium and with pruinose areas appearing almost white. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): As in male, except veins of membrane virtually devoid of setae in macropterous forms. STRUCTURE (pl. 4): Known from macropterous and brachypterous forms; cell 1 in membrane broad in macropterous forms, narrow in brachypterous forms. Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 2300–2800 meters. Available habitat data indicate specimens were collected on muddy or sandy heavily vegetated seeps or river margins, some of which appeared to be alkaline in character.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from Amazonas Department in northern Peru south to Salta Province, northern Argentina.

DISCUSSION: The holotype of perula is somewhat teneral and slightly shriveled. Drake also designated a female allotype, which is in somewhat better condition and is brachypterous, as opposed to the male, which has developed, although somewhat shortened fore- and hind wings. None of the specimens available for comparison match up with the holotype or allotype exactly, because all of the males are brachypterous, whereas the only macropterous or submacropterous specimens available to us are females.

HOLOTYPE: Submacropterous male, ‘‘ PERU, S. A., March 20, 1941, F. Woytkowski, No. 423; Dept. Ayacucho, Prov. Huanta, Andes 2800 m a.s.l., Ponds; Type Pentacora perula Drake. ’’ Deposited in KU.

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Salta: km 59.5 on Rt 51, 24.71 ° S 65.76 ° W, 2555 m, 18 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023630– AMNH _ENT 00023632) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023633), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023639) ( IMLA). PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 6.41667 ° S 77.33333 ° W, 2300 m, 12 Jul 1972, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023386, AMNH _ENT 00023387), 11 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023993, AMNH _ENT 00023994), 2♀

( AMNH _ENT 00022742, AMNH _ENT 000- 22743) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023825) ( JTPC). Molinopampa, 43 km E Chachapoyas, 6.41652 ° S 76.94229 ° W, 2300 m, 11 Jul 1972, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 53 ( AMNH _ENT 00020089, AMNH _ENT 00023163, AMNH _ ENT 00023382– AMNH _ENT 00023384), 7♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022721– AMNH _ENT 00022- 726, AMNH _ENT 00023385), 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022730– AMNH _ENT 00022737, AMNH _ ENT 00022741) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022727), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022738) ( EELM). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023826, AMNH _ ENT 00023827), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023828– AMNH _ENT 00023831) ( JTPC). 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022729), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022740) ( IMLA). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022728), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022739) ( USNM). Ayacucho: Huanta Province, Andes, 12.56 ° S 74.09 ° W, 2800 m, 08 Mar 1941 – 14 Mar 1941, F.

Pseudosaldula pilosa , new species Plates 4, 7G, H, 8C–E; figures 1 , 3 , 14 ; map 10

Woytkowski, Paratype, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023864) ( USNM). Cajamarca: 2 km W of Llacanora, nr Cajamarca, 7.20943 ° S 78.44278 ° W, 2530 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022744) ( AMNH).

DIAGNOSIS: Most known specimens brachypterous, some apparently submacropterous; relatively large, females heavy bodied; hemelytra uniformly dull except for polished claval commissure; vestiture of dorsum composed of long, erect, dull simple setae, length approximately 2 times hind tibial diameter. Dull hemelytra lacking pruinosity similar in appearance to P. bergi , but the two species easily distinguished by the long, erect, dull setae found in P. pilosa as compared to the short recumbent vestiture in P. bergi . Distribution of P. pilosa and P. bergi overlapping in southern portion of range of P. pilosa .

DESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.23, width pronotum 1.19. COLORATION (pl. 4): Hemelytron lacking pruinose areas, ranging from almost entirely dark with cells of membrane, some areas of adjacent corium, and usual spot near apex of clavus weakly pale, to mostly pale with basal two-thirds of clavus dark with a few areas of infuscation and with some weakly contrasting ovoid paler areas on corium; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to weakly darkened, segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including at least apical portion of coxae, largely pale, apex of foretibia with a narrow, brown band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): Corium, clavus, and membrane dull except along claval commissure. Vestiture of dorsum, including veins of membrane, composed of mostly dull, nearly erect, dark, long, simple setae. STRUCTURE (pl. 4): Known from brachypterous and possibly submacropterous forms, body in most specimens teardrop shaped, broadest just posterior to midpoint of claval commissure. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins weakly convex. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing with five distinct cells, cells 1 and 5 always shorter than the other three in brachypterous forms. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 3 , 14A–C ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin smoothly rounded; posterior margin weakly curving with a medial prominence. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.

Female (pl. 4): Total length 3.53, width pronotum 1.34. COLORATION (pl. 4): As in male. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 4): As in male. STRUCTURE: Known from macropterous and brachypterous forms. Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

ETYMOLOGY: Named for long erect vestiture on the dorsum, from the Latin pilosus, ‘‘hairy’’.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between sea level and 3030 meters. Available habitat data indicate that specimens from the two sea-level localities were taken in grassy areas at the high tide mark. Approximately 65% of the eight remaining localities with habitat data are the shores of ponds or streams with the other 35% being seeps; in all cases the substrate had significant vegetative cover.

DISTRIBUTION: Known from moderately high altitudes in Tucuman Province, northwestern Argentina to sea level in the Araucania and Los Lagos provinces of southcentral Chile.

DISCUSSION: Even though the limited numbers of specimens taken from sea-level localities certainly conform to our overall concept of P. pilosa , most known specimens from the southern part of the range are from high altitudes along both the eastern and western slopes of the Andean spine. As such, the distribution of P. pilosa is largely allopatric with that of P. bergi , with which it shares many morphological similarities.

HOLOTYPE: ARGENTINA: Tucuman: El Infiernillo (31 km E of Amaicha del Valle on Rt 307), 26.5997 ° S 65.6039 ° W, 3030 m, 21 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023408 ) ( AMNH).

PARATYPES: ARGENTINA: Chubut: 17 km E of Esquel on Rt 40, 42.97 ° S 71.15 ° W, 800 m, 22 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022922), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022927– AMNH _ENT 00022929) ( AMNH). N shore of Lago Puela, 42.04 ° S 71.59 ° W, 160 m, 15 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00022923– AMNH _ENT 00022926) ( AMNH). Neuquen: 53 km S of San Martin de los Andes, Rio Pichi Traful, 40.32 ° S 71.38 ° W, 790 m, 12 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023980), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023980), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022898, AMNH _ENT 00022899) ( AMNH). Lago Lacar, Hua Hum, 40.14445 ° S 71.62194 ° W, 650 m, 13 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023966) ( AMNH). Nahuel Huapi, 41.05 ° S 71.15 ° W, 880 m, 11 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022888, AMNH _ENT 00022889) ( AMNH). Rio Negro: 47 km N of El Bolson, Rio Villegos, 41.59 ° S 71.5 ° W, 640 m, 15 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023413) ( AMNH). Tucuman: 15 km NW of Tafi del Valle, 26.77 ° S 65.79 ° W, 2800 m, 02 Jan 1982 – 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 153 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023401– AMNH _ENT 00023402, AMNH _ENT 00023494– AMNH _ENT 000- 23496, AMNH _ENT 00023983, AMNH _ ENT 00023996), 14♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23403– AMNH _ENT 00023404, AMNH _ ENT 00023498– AMNH _ENT 00023499, AMNH _ENT 00023983, AMNH _ENT 000- 23996), 523 ( AMNH _ENT 00022745– AMNH _ENT 00022796), 36♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022797– AMNH _ENT 00022831, AMNH _ENT 00022839) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022906), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022838) ( EELM). 43 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23782– AMNH _ENT 00023785), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023789– AMNH _ENT 00023794) ( JTPC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00022904, AMNH _ENT 00022905), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022836, AMNH _ENT 00022837) ( MACN). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00022907, AMNH _ENT 000- 22908) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 22902, AMNH _ENT 00022903), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022834, AMNH _ENT 000- 22835) ( IMLA). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00022- 900, AMNH _ENT 00022901), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022832, AMNH _ENT 00022833) ( USNM). 28 km SE of Amaicha del Valle, 26.74 ° S 65.76 ° W, 2800 m, 02 Jan 1982, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023405), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023406, AMNH _ENT 00023407) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023500) ( MNNC). El Infiernillo (31 km E of Amaicha del Valle on Rt 307), 26.5997 ° S 65.6039 ° W, 3030 m, 21 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023409), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023410, AMNH _ENT 00023411) ( AMNH). [Paso] Infernillo on Rt 307, 31 km E of Amaicha del Valle, 26.74 ° S 65.76 ° W, 3030 m, 21 Feb 1983, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023982), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023982), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23982), 183 ( AMNH _ENT 00022840– AMNH _ ENT 00022857), 23♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022861– AMNH _ENT 00022874, AMNH _ENT 000- 22878, AMNH _ENT 00022880– AMNH _ ENT 00022887) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022859, AMNH _ENT 00022860), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022876, AMNH _ENT 00022877) ( IMLA). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 22858), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022875) ( USNM). CHILE: Bio-Bio - Region VIII: Biobio Prov.: 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 938 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 53 ( AMNH _ENT 00023396– AMNH _ENT 00023397, AMNH _ENT 000- 23491– AMNH _ENT 00023493), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023398– AMNH _ENT 00023400, AMNH _ENT 00023497), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022892) ( AMNH). 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 950 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023981, AMNH _ENT 00023985), 73 ( AMNH _ENT 00022909– AMNH _ENT 00022- 915), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022918– AMNH _ ENT 00022921) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00023786– AMNH _ENT 00023788), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023795– AMNH _ENT 00023798) ( JTPC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00022916, AMNH _ ENT 00022917) ( MNNC). Los Lagos - Region X: Osorno Prov. : Maicolpue, S of Bahia Mansa, 40.6053 ° S 73.7419 ° W, 26 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023984), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23984), 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00022930– AMNH _ENT 00022932), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00022933, AMNH _ENT 00022934) ( AMNH). Palena Prov.: Chaiten, 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 17 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022897) ( AMNH). Maule - Region VII: Curico Prov.: Vegas de Vagara, Rio Teno, 34.98333 ° S 71.38333 ° W, 2700 m, 20 Jan 1964, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022896) ( AMNH).

OTHER SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Neuquen: Lago Lacar, Hua Hum, 40.14445 ° S 71.62194 ° W, 650 m, 13 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1 nymph (AMNH_ENT 00023966) (AMNH). Tucuman: 15 km NW of Tafi del Valle, 26.77 ° S 65.79 ° W, 2800 m, 02 Jan 1982 – 03 Jan 1982, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 11 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023983, AMNH_ENT 000- 23995–AMNH_ENT 00023996) (AMNH). CHILE: Bio-Bio - Region VIII: Biobio Prov.: 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 950 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 3 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023981, AMNH_ENT 00023985) (AMNH). Los Lagos - Region X: Osorno Prov. : Maicolpue, S of Bahia Mansa, 40.6053 ° S 73.7419 ° W, 26 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 5 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023984) (AMNH).

Figures

Map 9. Distribution of Pseudosaldula perula.

Map 10. Distribution of Pseudosaldula pilosa.

Fig. 1. Parandria of 14 Pseudosaldula spp. and two Saldula spp.

Fig. 3. Parameres of Pseudosaldula perula–yungas. Note: The point of insertion of many setae on the paramere cannot be seen because the paramere is heavily sclerotized and nearly opaque. Setae are therefore not drawn to show their exact distribution in many cases, but only to show their lengths and numbers. Nonetheless, the setae of the processes sensualis are drawn so as to accurately portray their number and distribution.

Fig. 13. Pseudosaldula perula (scanning electron micrographs). A. Lateroventral view of left paramere. B. Apex of left paramere showing short setiform sensors. C. Detail of ventral face at level of processus sensualis showing perspective view of the gland pores. D. Detail of gland pore on paramere. glp, gland pore.

Fig. 14. Pseudosaldula pilosa (scanning electron micrographs). Left paramere. A. General view of ventral face. B. Detail of setae on processus sensualis. C. Apex of paramere showing short setiform sensors. D. Detail of gland pore on paramere.