Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.1206/323.1 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038E9747-FFC8-FFE7-FCC1-F7A3BB5B3F74 |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate |
status |
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Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate View in CoL 2; figures 1 View Fig , 8 View Fig ; map 5 View Map 5
Pentacora bruesi Drake, 1949: 187 (n. sp.).
Pentacora amazona Drake, 1955: 154 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Pentacora bucayana Drake, 1955: 157 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Pentacora pillaona : Drake, 1955: 156 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY..
Oreokora amazona : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora bucayana : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora pillaona : Drake, 1962: 123 (n. comb.).
Pseudosaldula pilloana View in CoL : Schuh et al., 1987:316 (cat. [lapsus]).
Pseudosaldua bruesi : Schuh et al., 1987: 315 (n. comb., cat.).
DIAGNOSIS: Macropterous or brachypterous; hemelytra highly polished except apical one-fifth of exocorium, anterior two-thirds of endocorium, and entire clavus dull (area of claval commissure also polished); vestiture of dorsum—including veins of membrane— composed of long, reclining dark simple setae intermixed with recumbent, golden, shining setae. Extensive hemelytral polishing restrict- ed to P. andensis and P. bruesi , but exocorium entirely polished in P. andensis , whereas exocorium with dull area medially along radial vein in P. bruesi ; membrane in brachypterous specimens of P. andensis completely polished and shining, whereas only veins of membrane polished in P. bruesi ; cells of membrane always coalesced and partially obscured in brachypterous forms of P. andensis , whereas all five cells always visible in P. bruesi .
REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.71, width pronotum 1.38. COLORATION (pl. 2): Hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark, with cells sometimes partially transparent, to largely pale with only clavus, extreme base of corium, and a few small markings on corium dark; antennal segments 1 and 2 pale to weakly darkened, segments 3 and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including coxae, largely pale, apex of foretibia with a contrasting, narrow, brown band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 2): Clavus, basal two-thirds of endocorium, and apical one-fifth of exocorium dull, dull areas with some pale, weakly pruinose spots. Vestiture of dorsum—including veins of membrane—composed of moderately long, reclining, dark simple setae intermixed with recumbent, golden, shining setae. STRUCTURE (pl. 2): Macropterous forms elongate ovoid, brachypterous forms teardrop shaped, broadest at about level of apex of claval commissure in brachypterous forms. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins weakly to moderately convexly rounded. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing with five distinct cells in both macropterous and brachypterous forms. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 8 View Fig ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin smoothly rounded; posterior margin weakly curving. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.
Female (pl. 2): Total length 3.97, width pronotum 1.46. COLORATION (pl. 2): As in male; subgenital plate sometimes narrowly transparent apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 2): As in male. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.
HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 1750– 3540 meters, with the majority of records above 2700 meters. Available habitat data indicate many specimens were collected on relatively permanent substrates, including seeps and the margins of small lakes. Nonetheless, some specimens have been taken on sandy river margins and in wet areas along roadsides.
DISTRIBUTION: Southern Ecuador and northern Peru.
DISCUSSION: Drake (1962) treated P. bruesi as a junior synonym of P. andensis . Although these two nominal species share many features in common, including those of the parandria, and share partially overlapping distributions, we are treating them as separate because of what we believe to be constant character differences between them, as detailed in the diagnoses and descriptions.
Comparison of the holotypes of bruesi Drake , amazona Drake , and pillaona Drake and many other specimens indicates that the three are synonymous, bruesi having priority.
The nominal species Pentacora bucayana is known from only two specimens, the macropterous female holotype and a distinctly brachypterous female paratype, both from the same locality. Pseudosaldula bucayana is most similar in general appearance to P. bruesi by virtue of having the lateral corial margin (embolium) polished and shining. Pseudosaldula bucayana appears to have the dorsum clothed with relatively short, dark, reclining, common setae mixed with golden, shining, recumbent setae, although both known specimens of P. bucayana are rather badly rubbed. In the known specimens of P. bucayana there is no visible pruinosity; in this regard, and the shape of the pronotum, P. bucayana has an appearance of P. bruesi , and we therefore treat them as synonymous.
HOLOTYPE: submacropterous female, ‘‘ Metucana , Peru, June–July, 1913, 7300 ft, CT Brues; Gift of C. T. Brues ; Holotype Pentacora bruesi Drake ; M. C. Z. holotype 28266.’’ Deposited in the AMNH .
HOLOTYPES OF SYNONYMS: Pseudosaldula amazona (Drake) : macropterous male, ‘‘ Peru, S. A., July 19, 1936, F. Woytkowski; Dept. Amazonas, San Indelfonso, Rio Utcubrmba [sic]; Type Pentacora amazona Drake. Deposited in KU. Pseudosaldula pillaona (Drake) : macropterous female, ‘‘Pillao, Peru, Dept. Huanuco, II.16.48, 2700 m, a.s.l., Felix Woytkowski; Type Pentacora pillaona Drake. ’’ Deposited in KU. Pentacora bucayana Drake : macropterous female, ‘‘F. X. Williams, Bucay, Ecuador, October 16, 1923; Type Pentacora bucayana Drake ; deposited in KU.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ECUADOR: Chimborazo: Bucay, 2.167 ° S 79.1 ° W, 603 m, 16 Oct 1923, F. X. Williams, Holotype, 1♀ (SEMC). PERU: Amazonas: San Ildelfonso, Rio Utcubamba, 6.6333 ° S 77.7167 ° W, 2471 m, 19 Jul 1936, F. Woytkowski, Holotype, 13 (SEMC). Ancash: 15 km N of Huaraz, 9.3978 ° S 77.53333 ° W, 2780 m, 14 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023852–AMNH_ENT 000- 23854) (JTPC). 70 km E of Casma, 9.44942 ° S 77.6588 ° W, 1750 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and
J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022719) (AMNH). Blw Punta Callan to W, 9.55651 ° S 77.72776 ° W, 2920 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 (AMNH_ ENT 00020086, AMNH_ENT 00023308), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023310, AMNH_ENT 00023311), 5 nymphs (AMNH_ENT 00023951), 183 (AMNH_ENT 00022662–AMNH_ENT 00022679), 28♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022632– AMNH_ENT 00022659) (AMNH). 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023850) (JTPC). 2♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00022660, AMNH_ENT 00022661) (IMLA). Blw Punta Callan to W, 9.55893 ° S 77.7098 ° W, 3540 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023307), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023309), 33 (AMNH_ ENT 00022716–AMNH_ENT 00022718) (AMNH). 13 (AMNH_ENT 00023847) (JTPC). Btwn Huaraz and Punta Callan, 9.56033 ° S 77.5729 ° W, 3440 m, 16 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 33 (AMNH_ENT 00023844–AMNH_ENT 00023846) (JTPC). Cajamarca: 1 km W of Namora, nr Cajamarca, 7.2 ° S 78.34244 ° W, 2720 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 33 (AMNH_ ENT 00022711–AMNH_ENT 00022713), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022714, AMNH_ENT 00022715) (AMNH). 10 km ESE of Llacanora, near Cajamarca, Laguna Suluscocha, 7.23458 ° S 78.34918 ° W, 2850 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 53 (AMNH_ENT 00022706–AMNH_ENT 00022710) (AMNH). 2 km W of Llacanora, nr Cajamarca, 7.20943 ° S 78.44278 ° W, 2530 m, 19 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00022705) (AMNH). above San Juan en route to Cajamarca, 7.25905 ° S 78.48961 ° W, 2620 m, 17 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022720) (AMNH). Huanuco: Pillao, 9.6667 ° S 75.9667 ° W, 2700 m, 16 Feb 1948, F. Woytkowski, Holotype, 1♀ (SEMC). La Libertad: 20 km NE of Huamachuco, Laguna Cahuadan , 7.78134 ° S 78.03169 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023855) (JTPC). 25 km S of Cajabamba, 7.6748 ° S 78.03022 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023312) (AMNH). Lima: Matucana, 11.852 ° S 76.4 ° W, 2225 m, 01 Jul 1913, C. T. Brues, Holotype, 1♀ (AMNH). above Canta, 11.47401 ° S 76.61874 ° W, 3000 m, 28 Jan 1976, R.T. Schuh, 13 (AMNH_ENT
00023306), 163 (AMNH_ENT 00022687– AMNH_ENT 00022702), 6♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022681–AMNH_ENT 00022686) (AMNH). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00022703, AMNH_ENT 00022704) (EELM). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00023848, AMNH_ENT 00023849), 1♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023851) (JTPC). km 99 Carretera Central E Lima, Rio Rimac, 12.00692 ° S 76.82817 ° W, 3300 m, 14 Nov 1971, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 23 (AMNH_ ENT 00023301, AMNH_ENT 00023302), 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023303–AMNH_ENT 00023305), 283 (AMNH_ENT 00022580– AMNH_ENT 00022607), 14♀ (AMNH_ ENT 00022614–AMNH_ENT 00022627) (AMNH). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00022610, AMNH_ENT 00022611), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022628, AMNH_ENT 00022629) (EELM). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00023842, AMNH_ENT 00023843), 3♀ (AMNH_ENT 00023856– AMNH_ENT 00023858) (JTPC). 23 (AMNH_ ENT 00022612, AMNH_ENT 00022613) (IMLA). 23 (AMNH_ENT 00022608, AMNH_ ENT 00022609), 2♀ (AMNH_ENT 00022630, AMNH_ENT 00022631) (USNM).
Pseudosaldula chilensis (Blanchard) Plates 3, 6, 7C–F; figures 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 9–11 View Fig View Fig View Fig ; map 6 View Map 6
Acanthia chilensis Blanchard, 1852: 225 (n. sp.).
Acanthia rogeri Kirkaldy, 1899: 92 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy, 1899: 93 (n. sp.). (Syn. by Drake 1962:121).
Pentacora angusta Drake and Carvalho, 1948: 473 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Saldula araucanica : Drake and Carvalho, 1948: 474 (n. comb.).
Saldula rogeri : Drake and Hoberlandt, 1951: 10 (n. comb.).
Pentacora araucanica : Drake, 1955: 152 (n. comb.).
Pentacora regilla Drake, 1955: 155 (n. sp.). NEW SYNONYMY.
Pentacora rogeri : Drake, 1955: 152 (n. comb.).
Pseudosaldula rogeri View in CoL : Cobben, 1961: 98 (n. comb.).
Oreokora regilla : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora rogeri : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Oreokora angusta : Drake, 1962: 122 (n. comb.).
Pseudosaldula chilensis View in CoL : Schuh et al., 1987: 315 (n. comb., cat.).
DIAGNOSIS: Macropterous or submacropterous; recognized by the contrasting black stripe on at least fore- and middle tibiae, the two black stripes on antennal segment 1, and the hemelytra uniformly dull with appressed golden setae and short recumbent black setae. Black stripe lateroventrally on antennal segment 1 similar to condition found in P. penai and P. salina , but P. chilensis differing from those species by the presence of a black stripe also dorsomedially on antennal segment 1, and further differing from P. salina by that species having only short black setae on the dorsum. The short vestiture and dull surface of hemelytra similar to condition found in P. bergi and P. vulgaris , but shining golden setae virtually absent on hemelytra in P. bergi . Dorsum in P. pilosa entirely dull, but almost exclusively with long, erect, shaggy setae in contrast to P. chilensis .
REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.50, width pronotum 1.33. COLORATION (pl. 3): Hemelytron largely dark, with cells of membrane and some areas of corium weakly pale; exocorium frequently with a yellow-white quadrate maculation subbasally and less frequently with a distinct pale macula subapically; antennal segment 1 pale laterally and medially, black dorsally and ventrally, segments 2–4 black or nearly so; coxae largely dark, femora and tibiae pale laterally, femora dark on dorsal surface, tibiae dark on dorsal surface; apex of foretibia with a contrasting, dark, narrow band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 3; fig. 9C–E View Fig ): Hemelytron dull except narrowly along claval commissure, with several distinct pruinose spots. Vestiture of dorsum composed of dull, reclining, dark, relatively short, simple setae intermixed with numerous golden, shining setae; most veins of membrane devoid of setae. STRUCTURE ( figs. 9–11 View Fig View Fig View Fig ): Known from macropterous and submacropterous forms, body in most specimens elongate ovoid, broadest at midpoint. Thorax: Pronotum with lateral margins nearly straight, distinctly angled anteriorly. Hemelytra: Membrane of forewing always with five fully-formed cells. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 View Fig , 2 View Fig , 9G–I View Fig , 11E View Fig ) Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin straight, angled posterolaterally; posterior margin elongate, angled laterally, convex medially. Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.
Female (pl. 3): Total length 4.11, width pronotum 1.57. COLORATION (pl. 3): As in male; apex of subgenital plate usually broadly pale. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 3; 9C–E): As in male. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.
HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 4– 3900 meters, with the majority of records at elevations below 500 meters in south central and southern Chile. Available habitat data indicate specimens were collected in more temporary habitats than is the case for most other Pseudosaldula spp ., including the margins of roads and highways, mud, sand, and gravel stream and lake margins. Most of these environments included vegetative cover of no more than 30%, although a few collection localities involved the occurrence of P. chilensis on seeps, which had vegetative cover and usually represent a more stable and permanent environment.
DISTRIBUTION: Jujuy Province in northern Argentina, south throughout Chile to the eastern tip of Tierra del Fuego, with a few records available from the eastern Andean foothills in Patagonian Argentina.
DISCUSSION: This is the most widespread and most commonly collected species of Pseudosaldula , possibly in part because it occupies a rather broad range of habitats and is one of the few species that occurs in relatively temporary or periodically disturbed habitats. This adaptability agrees with the fact that all of the more than 1000 specimens we have examined are either macropterous or submacropterous, in contrast to most—although not all—of the other species. Furthermore, the wide distribution of this species has resulted in its capture by general collectors to a much greater degree than the other species. Thus, even though this species shows very little variation in degree of pigmentation of the hemelytra (pl. 3) compared to most other species of Pseudosaldula , its widespread occurrence probably also accounts for the rather large number of junior synonyms associated with the name chilensis .
We have examined the macropterous male holotype of Acanthia chilensis Blanchard , deposited in the Natural History Museum, Paris.
Kirkaldy (1899) noted that specimens of rogeri were deposited in his collection and that of the Perth Museum, indicating that he saw more than one specimen. Cobben (1961) designated a lectotype for Acanthia rogeri Kirkaldy ; it is deposited in The Natural History Museum, London. Cobben compared this specimen with a specimen labeled as the ‘‘type’’ of Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy , and concluded that the two were synonymous. However, he did not believe that the specimen labeled as araucanica was actually one of those examined by Kirkaldy, based on his reading of Kirkaldy’s original description. Because the BM specimen bears the label ‘‘ Acanthia araucanica Kirk. TYPE’’ in what we judge to be Kirkaldy’s handwriting, and because we have been able to find no other specimens that appear to pertain to araucanica , we are treating it as the type, as indicated below. We agree with Cobben that araucanica and rogeri are synonyms and that both are junior synonyms of chilensis , the synonymy of araucanica and chilensis also being in accordance with the observations of Drake (1962).
Further comparison of the types of regilla Drake and angusta Drake indicates that both are synonymous with the concept of chilensis that we have defined above.
HOLOTYPE: Female: ‘‘Museum Paris. Chili Gay. 15–43.’’ ‘‘Type.’’ ‘‘ Lectotype Acanthia chilensis Blanch. ’’ ‘‘ Acanthia chilensis Bl. Type.’’ Deposited in the National Museum of Natural History, Paris.
TYPES OF SYNONYMS: Lectotype Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy : macropterous female, ‘‘Type; Mendosa, Reed, 1870; Pres. by Perth Museum. B.M. 1953-629; Acanthia araucanica Kirk. TYPE; Pseudosaldula rogeri
(Kirk.), det. R. H. Cobben 1961.; Acanthia araucanica Kirkaldy , LECTOTYPE, det. R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus.’’ Deposited in the BMNH. Pentacora regilla Drake :? macropterous male, ‘‘Puerto Puyuhuapi, Süd-Chile, leg. H. Schwabe; W 31 unten, 23.12.37; Type Pentacora regilla Drake ; C. J. Drake Coll. 1956.’’ Deposited in the USNM. Lectotype Acanthia rogeri Kirkaldy : macropterous female, ‘‘ Chile, Reed; Pres. by Perth Museum. B.M. 1953-629; Acanthia rogeri Kirk. 1899 TYPE; Lectotype Pseudosaldula rogeri (Kirk.) R. H. Cobben 1961 .’’ Deposited in the BMNH. Pentacora angusta Drake : macropterous male, ‘‘ Rio Negro, Argentina; C. J. Drake Coll. 1956; Holotype Drake.’’ Deposited in the USNM.
SPECIMENS EXAMINED: ARGENTINA: Catamarca: La Banderita, 22 Nov 1951, N. Kormilev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023869 About AMNH ) ( MACN). Chubut: 108 km W of Rio Mayo, 45.56 ° S 71.26 ° W, 720 m, 21 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020893 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). El Hoyo, 42.08 ° S 71.49 ° W, 230 m, 24 Apr 1963, A. Kovacs, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021170 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). N shore of Lago Puela, 42.04 ° S 71.59 ° W, 160 m, 15 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023930 About AMNH ), 3 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023930 About AMNH ), 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020669 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20680), 8♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020681 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020684 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20690) ( AMNH). 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 20682, AMNH _ ENT 00020683 About AMNH ) ( EELM). Jujuy: 12 km NE of Iturbe, 22.91 ° S 65.27 ° W, 1670 m, 15 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023605 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 15 km NW of Abra Pampa, 22.51666 ° S 65.86666 ° W, 3920 m, 14 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020897 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 16 km S of Tres Cruces, 22.97666 ° S 65.479 ° W, 3580 m, 11 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020896 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 20 km S of Yoscaba, stream flowing into Lago Pozuelos, 22.26666 ° S 66.03333 ° W, 3710 m, 14 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020874 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 7 km E of Cienaguillas, betw LaQuica / Cienaguillas, 22.1 ° S 65.8 ° W, 3750 m, 14 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020900 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 9 km E of Iturbe, 22.21666 ° S 65.16666 ° W, 3460 m, 15 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh, J. T. Polhemus, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023297 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023300 About AMNH ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020882 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020883 About AMNH ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020878 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020881 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020876 About AMNH ) ( IMLA). Cienaga Grande, near S end of Lago Pozuelos, 22.45 ° S 66.01666 ° W, 3740 m, 14 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020895 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Cuesta de Lipan , 28 km W of Parmamarca on Rt 52, 23.6815 ° S 65.62666 ° W, 3825 m, 16 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020898 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). along river just N of Yavi, 22.13333 ° S 65.45 ° W, 3500 m, 13 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020873 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Neuquen: 51 km S of San Martin de los Andes, 44.45 ° S 70.43 ° W, 800 m, 12 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023911 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023911 About AMNH ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020725 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020728 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020731 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20736), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020729 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020730 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020737 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020740 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 53 km S of San Martin de los Andes, Rio Pichi Traful , 40.32 ° S 71.38 ° W, 790 m, 12 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023979 About AMNH ), 253 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020691 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020715 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020716 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020717 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020720 About AMNH ) ( MACN). 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020721 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020724 About AMNH ) ( IMLA). Lago Lacar, Pucara, 40.18333 ° S 71.5 ° W, 1100 m, 09 Jan 1954, N. Kormilev, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023863 About AMNH ) ( USNM). Nahuel Huapi, 41.05 ° S 71.15 ° W, 880 m, 11 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020889 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020890 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020891 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020887 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020888 About AMNH ) ( IMLA). Rio Negro: 47 km N of El Bolson, Rio Villegos , 41.59 ° S 71.5 ° W, 640 m, 15 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020786 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20791) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 20792), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020793 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020795 About AMNH ) ( MACN). Black Glacier, El Tronador, 41.17 ° S 71.79 ° W, 914 m, 05 Apr 1974, M.S. Polhemus, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023318 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023319 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023320 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023321 About AMNH ), 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021168 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Lago Nahuel Huapi, Brazo Blest, 41.09 ° S 71.14 ° W, 640 m, 04 Apr 1974, M.S. Polhemus, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021164 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021165 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021166 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021167 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Norquinco, 41.85 ° S 70.9 ° W, 900 m, 23 Dec 1963, A. Kovacs, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021171 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021172 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). unknown, 01 Jan 1900, Unknown, Paratype of Junior Synonym, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023861 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023862 About AMNH ) ( USNM). Salta: 17 km W of Santa Victoria, 22.2 ° S 65.06 ° W, 3488 m, 13 Feb 1993, R.T. Schuh, J.T. Polhemus, E. Dominguez, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023293 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023296 About AMNH ), 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020884 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020885 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020886 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). just NW of Santa Rosa de Tastil on Rt 51, 24.4415 ° S 65.96683 ° W, 3215 m, 18 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020899 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Tierra del Fuego: Lago Fagnano, 54.63333 ° S 68 ° W, 200 m, 23 Jan 1962, S. Coscaron, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023644 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023645 About AMNH ) ( SEMC). Tucuman: 16 km W of Tafi del Valle on Rt 307, 26.7685 ° S 65.73083 ° W, 2900 m, 21 Feb 1993, R. T. Schuh and J. T. Polhemus, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023924 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23924), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023924 About AMNH ), 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020863 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020864 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020866 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020868 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020- 869 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020871 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020861 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020862 About AMNH ) ( IMLA). 8 km W of Tafi del Valle, 26.87 ° S 65.77 ° W, 2500 m, 03 Jan 1982, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023314 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023315 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023466 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023471 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023945 About AMNH ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023316 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023317 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023472 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023945 About AMNH ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023945 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023669 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023678 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023679 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Siambon, 26.7 ° S 65.45 ° W, 1313 m, 01 Jul 1935, J.M. Bosq, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023867 About AMNH ) ( MLPA). Tafí del Valle , 26.85464 ° S 65.71341 ° W, 2000 m, 01 Oct 1957, Unknown, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23322) ( IMLA). CHILE: Aisen del Gen. Carlos Ibanez del Campo - Region XI: Aisen Prov.: Puerto Puyuhuapi, 44.38 ° S 72.62 ° W, 160 m, 23 Dec 1937, H. Schwabe, Paratype of Junior Synonym , 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023859 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023860 About AMNH ) ( USNM). Reserva Nac Rio Simpson , Rio Simpson btwn Coyhaique and Aisen, 45.4 ° S 72.53 ° W, 20 m, 20 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023909 About AMNH ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023909 About AMNH ), 3 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023909 About AMNH ), 313 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020631 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020636 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020640 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20664), 26♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020602 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020627 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020637 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20639), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020628 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020630 About AMNH ) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020665 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 20666) ( USNM). 82 km S of Puyuguape, 45.13 ° S 72.62 ° W, 260 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023929 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023929 About AMNH ), 8 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023929 About AMNH ), 113 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020824 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20834), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020821 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020823 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 89 km S of Puyuguape, 45.21 ° S 72.62 ° W, 220 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023910 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023910 About AMNH ), 6 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23910), 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020741 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020752 About AMNH ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020753 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020766 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 97 km S of Puyuguape, Lago de los Torres , 45.25 ° S 72.65 ° W, 190 m, 19 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023933 About AMNH ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023933 About AMNH ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020843 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020844 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020840 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020842 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Antofagasta - Region II: Antofagasta Prov.: San Pedro (de) Atacama, Rio Valama , 22.91 ° S 68.22 ° W, 2300 m, 01 Apr 1969, L. E. Peña, 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023710 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023722 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023724 About AMNH ), 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021- 160 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021162 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021163 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). San Pedro Atacama, Rio Valama , 22.9167 ° S 68.2167 ° W, 2300 m, 01 Apr 1968, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023698 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023700 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Valle El Yeso , 23.41666 ° S 70.58333 ° W, 2200 m, 05 Sep 1900, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021153 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021154 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Araucania - Region IX: Cautin Prov. : 11.3 km E of Carahue, Rio Imperial , 38.76666 ° S 73.05 ° W, 90 m, 11 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023545 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023548 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Lago Villarica at Villarica , 34.62 ° S 71.14 ° W, 180 m, 30 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020894 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Malleco Prov. : 17 km E of Curacautin, 38.46 ° S 71.74 ° W, 750 m, 22 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023918 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023337 About AMNH ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021280 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021289 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021290 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021291 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 5 km E of Curacautin, Puente Blanco , 38.46666 ° S 71.5 ° W, 700 m, 09 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023622 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023626 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 9 km E of Manzanar, 38.46666 ° S 71.53333 ° W, 1250 m, 09 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023606 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023607 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023608 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 9.5 E Malalcahuello , 39.28 ° S 72.31 ° W, 1190 m, 30 Nov 1982, A. Newton and M. Thayer, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020818 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020819 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020820 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Lago Icalma , 38.8167 ° S 71.2833 ° W, 1181 m, 02 Jan 1968, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023649 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 23650), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023651 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023653 About AMNH ) ( MNNC). Par. Nac. Nahuelbuta, 37.78 ° S 72.98 ° W, 1100 m, 19 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023991 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023991 About AMNH ), 11 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023991 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023992 About AMNH ), 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021059 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021067 About AMNH ), 9♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021050 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021058 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps ; 18 Nov 1981, T. Cekalovic, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021130 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021133 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021129 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Tolhuaca, 38.2 ° S 71.68 ° W, 1400 m, 09 Jan 1962, R. Usinger, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020668 About AMNH ) ( UCR). BioBio - Region VIII: Arauco Prov.: 69.6 km S of San Pedro, Puente Ramadillas, Rio Carampangue , 37.3 ° S 73.23333 ° W, 5 m, 07 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023618 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Caramavida, Nahuelbuta Mt. , 37.68171 ° S 73.35204 ° W, 220 m, 31 Jan 1967, L. E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023686 About AMNH ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021073 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021074 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021075 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021076 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Lago Lanalhue, 37.9 ° S 73.3 ° W, 10 m, 08 Nov 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023590 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023591 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023592 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023594 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Nahualbuta Mt. , Caramavida, 37.6833 ° S 73.35 ° W, 220 m, 31 Jan 1967, L. E. Peña, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023687 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023690 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Parque Nacional Nahualbuta, 37.78 ° S 73.1 ° W, 1100 m, 19 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023335 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023656 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023657 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023676 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Biobio Prov.: 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 938 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 20961– AMNH _ ENT 00020963 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 4 km E of El Abanico, 37.33 ° S 71.47 ° W, 950 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023914 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023914 About AMNH ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023914 About AMNH ), 103 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020952 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020958 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021389 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 21391), 13♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020943 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020951 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 21385– AMNH _ ENT 00021388 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023665 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023677 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). 5 km E of El Abanico, 37.4 ° S 71.45 ° W, 1000 m, 21 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023943 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023943 About AMNH ), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23943), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021377 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021384 About AMNH ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021371 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021376 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Negrete, 37.58 ° S 72.52 ° W, 75 m, 29 Jan 1951, Ross and Michelbacher, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023709 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021101 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Nuble Prov. : Las Trancas, 8 km W of Termas de Chillan, 36.87 ° S 71.62 ° W, 1300 m, 15 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023927 About AMNH ), 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020964 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020965 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Termas de Chillan , 36.9 ° S 71.52 ° W, 1800 m, 14 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023465 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023913 About AMNH ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023913 About AMNH ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023913 About AMNH ), 143 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021256 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021269 About AMNH ), 10♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021270 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021279 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023658 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Coquimbo - Region IV: Elqui Prov. : 3 km SE of Alcohuaz, Comunidad Estancia , 30.26472 ° S 70.48333 ° W, 1823 m, 24 Oct 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023609 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023562 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023563 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023610 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Las Hedionditas, 10 Jan 1966, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021151 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Limari Prov. : 23 km SE of Hurtado, Rio Hurtado , 30.15666 ° S 70.65 ° W, 1620 m, 27 Oct 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023549 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023554 About AMNH ), 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023556 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 23560) ( AMNH). 6 km SW of Hurtado, Puento Morillos on Rio Hurtado , 30.28333 ° S 70.7 ° W, 1040 m, 28 Oct 1994, S. Oygur and E. Barrera, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023561 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Libertador General Bernardo O’Higgins - Region VI: Colchagua Prov. : Camino Termas del Flaco (Del Flaco Hot Springs), 34.85 ° S 70.55 ° W, 1850 m, 24 Nov 1969, L. E. Peña, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021152 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Los Lagos - Region X: Chiloe Prov. : 28 km S of Castro, 42.67093 ° S 73.67644 ° W, 25 m, 01 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023946 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023946 About AMNH ), 15 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023946 About AMNH ), 153 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021455 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021469 About AMNH ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021470 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021483 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT00021451 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021452 About AMNH ) ( EELM). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023654 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023655 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021448 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021450 About AMNH ) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021453 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 21454) ( USNM). 5 km N of Quellon, 43.05 ° S 73.6 ° W, 110 m, 01 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023917 About AMNH ), 8 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23917), 133 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021401 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021413 About AMNH ), 9♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021392 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021400 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Chepu, 42.055 ° S 74.03161 ° W, 10 m, 28 Nov 1981 – 29 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023928 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023336 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023928 About AMNH ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23928), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021108 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021113 About AMNH ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021102 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021107 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Chiloe I W Quemchi , 42.13944 ° S 73.48804 ° W, 34 m, 07 Apr 1968, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023711 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023712 About AMNH ), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021077 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 21078), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021079 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021080 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Chonchi, 42.61277 ° S 73.80916 ° W, 46 m, 02 Dec 1966, J. Moreau, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023647 About AMNH ) ( MNNC). Dalcahue, Chiloe Island, 42.37814 ° S 73.65133 ° W, 4 m, 18 Jan 1962, R. Usinger, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020667 About AMNH ) ( UCR) GoogleMaps ; 01 Feb 1967, L. E. Peña, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023680 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023684 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023685 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021098 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 21099) ( JTPC). Isla Calbuco, 41.76666 ° S 73.13333 ° W, 07 Feb 1937, H. Schwabe, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021100 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Isla Chiloe, Lago Huillinco , 42.67473 ° S 73.90071 ° W, 25 m, 09 Feb 1981, T. Cekalovic, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020967 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020966 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). W of Quemchi, 42.125 ° S 73.5183 ° W, 07 Apr 1968, L. E. Peña, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023691 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023696 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). near Chepu at mouth of Rio Butalcura , 42.05 ° S 73.98 ° W, 4 m, 28 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023908 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023908 About AMNH ), 12 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023908 About AMNH ), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021006 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021010 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021134 About AMNH ), 10♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020996 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021005 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Llanquihue Prov. : 2.5 km W of Saltos de Petrohue, margin of Rio Petrohue , 41.13333 ° S 72.4465 ° W, 190 m, 13 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023324 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023325 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023932 About AMNH ), 8♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23326– AMNH _ ENT 00023327 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023932 About AMNH ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023932 About AMNH ), 483 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020845 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020846 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00020932 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020942 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021509 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021543 About AMNH ), 12♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020926 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020931 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021544 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021549 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023660 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). 26 km E Puerto Varas, 41.3162 ° S 72.6718 ° W, 100 m, 26 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023921 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23921), 143 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021242 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021255 About AMNH ), 17♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021225 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021241 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023661 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023663 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023674 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023675 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). 28.1 km W of Ensenada, Rt 225, Lago llanquihue, 41.21666 ° S 72.65 ° W, 150 m, 12 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023602 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023603 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023604 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 4 km SE Puerto Montt, 41.4871 ° S 72.9014 ° W, 30 m, 11 Dec 1981 – 12 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh, 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023328 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 23923, AMNH _ ENT 00023952 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023330 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023952 About AMNH ), 1 nymph ( AMNH _ ENT 00023923 About AMNH ), 173 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021484 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 21500), 8♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021501 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021508 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 6.2 km SE of Ensenada, 41.21666 ° S 72.65 ° W, 115 m, 12 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023611 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023615 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023616 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Osorno Prov. : Lago Puyehue E of Entre Lagos, 40.68 ° S 72.37 ° W, 160 m, 24 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023338 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023339 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023915 About AMNH ), 11♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23340, AMNH _ ENT 00023915 About AMNH ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023915 About AMNH ), 453 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021329 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021357 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021432 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 21447), 27♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021362 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021370 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021414 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021431 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021360 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021361 About AMNH ) ( EELM). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23672) ( JTPC). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021358 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021359 About AMNH ) ( USNM). Puente El Avion, 16.5 km W of Puancho, 40.41666 ° S 73.35 ° W, 150 m, 11 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023595 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023600 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023601 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). vic. Termas de Puyehue , 40.66426 ° S 72.2854 ° W, 200 m, 24 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023333 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023925 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023931 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023925 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023931 About AMNH ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023925 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023931 About AMNH ), 93 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020987 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020995 About AMNH ), 11♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020976 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020986 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Palena Prov. : 12 km W of jct of Futalefu and Palena roads, 43.47 ° S 72.12 ° W, 50 m, 16 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 53 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020835 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20839) ( AMNH). 20 km N of Chaiten, 42.74158 ° S 72.76319 ° W, 50 m, 17 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023916 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23916), 2 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023916 About AMNH ), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020849 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020856 About AMNH ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020857 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020860 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 70 km S of Chaiten, 43.45386 ° S 72.40718 ° W, 500 m, 18 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023926 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023926 About AMNH ), 10 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023926 About AMNH ), 173 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020796 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020812 About AMNH ), 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020813 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020817 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 90 km S of Chaiten on Rio Frio, S of Santa Lucia, 43.63 ° S 72.33 ° W, 80 m, 18 Jan 1986, R. T. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023912 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023912 About AMNH ), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023912 About AMNH ), 73 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020769 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020775 About AMNH ), 10♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020776 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020785 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Chaiten , 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 17 Jan 1986, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020892 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Chaiten , 42.92144 ° S 72.71462 ° W, 8 m, 06 Dec 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023919 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023919 About AMNH ), 15 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023919 About AMNH ), 353 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020971 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020975 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021175 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021204 About AMNH ), 22♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020968 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 20970, AMNH _ ENT 00021206 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021224 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23659), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023673 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Valdivia Prov. : Lago Panguipulli , 37 km SE of Panguipulli, 39.75 ° S 72.33333 ° W, 300 m, 14 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023619 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 23621) ( AMNH). Tres Esteros, Cord. San Jose, Stgo., 40.68333 ° S 72.88333 ° W, 105 m, 16 May 1947, L. E. Peña, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT00021174 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Magallanes y Antartica Chilena - Region XII: Magallanes Prov. : 20 km S Punta Arenas, 53.3204 ° S 70.95856 ° W, 30 m, 17 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023334 About AMNH ), 83 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021035 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021042 About AMNH ), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021043 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021046 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021047 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021048 About AMNH ) ( MNNC). 61 km SE of Puerto Natales, 52.04 ° S 71.73 ° W, 100 m, 18 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh and B. M. Massie, 113 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023331 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023920 About AMNH ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023332 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 23920), 263 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021120 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021124 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021292 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021296 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021304 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021319 About AMNH ), 16♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020847 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 21114– AMNH _ ENT 00021119 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021320 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021328 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021300 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021301 About AMNH ) ( EELM). 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021297 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 21299) ( MNNC). 23 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 21302, AMNH _ ENT 00021303 About AMNH ) ( USNM). Laguna Amarga, 50.98333 ° S 72.75 ° W, 130 m, 28 Feb 1969, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021068 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 21070), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021071 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021072 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Laguna Figueros (villa laguna), 28 Jan 1976, T. Cekalovic, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021148 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021149 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). N Mina Río , 16 Mar 1967, L. E. Peña, 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021158 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021159 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). v. Punta Arenas , 53.15 ° S 70.91667 ° W, 30 m, 01 Dec 1962, P.J. Darlington, 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021169 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Ultima Esperanza Prov. : 6 km SE Puerto Natales, 51.75871 ° S 72.4259 ° W, 90 m, 18 Dec 1981 – 20 Dec 1981, R. T. Schuh, B. M. Massie, 183 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021011 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021028 About AMNH ), 7♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021029 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021034 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021049 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 33 ( AMNH _ GoogleMaps
ENT 00023666– AMNH _ ENT 00023668 About AMNH ), 2♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023670 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023671 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). 7 km SE Puerto Natales, 51.78 ° S 72.44 ° W, 125 m, 20 Nov 1981, R.T.Schuh and B. Massie, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023922 About AMNH ), 193 ( AMNH _ ENT 00020901 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020919 About AMNH ), 6♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00020920 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00020925 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Maule - Region VII: Curico Prov.: Vegas de Vagara, Rio Teno , 34.98333 ° S 71.38333 ° W, 2700 m, 20 Jan 1964, L. E. Peña, 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023713 About AMNH , AMNH _ENT 000- 23719– AMNH _ ENT 00023721 About AMNH ) ( JTPC) GoogleMaps ; 20 Jan 1964, L. E. Peña, 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023706 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00023707 About AMNH ), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021081 About AMNH – AMNH _ENT 000- 21084, AMNH _ ENT 00021144 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021145 About AMNH ), 13♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 21085– AMNH _ ENT 00021088 About AMNH , AMNH _ ENT 00021135 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021143 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Talca Prov. : 55.8 km E of San Clemente, Rio Maule, 35.76666 ° S 70.98333 ° W, 510 m, 06 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 73 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023531 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023537 About AMNH ), 7♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023538 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023544 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Metropolitana De Santiago: Cordillera Prov. : La Parva, 33.3 ° S 70.2667 ° W, 3700 m, 01 Dec 1983, G. A.S., 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023648 About AMNH ) ( MNNC). Santiago Prov.: Farellones, 33.3 ° S 70.25 ° W, 2700 m, 08 Sep 1962, L. E. Peña, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021125 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021127 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021128 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). 5♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023714 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023718 About AMNH ), 63 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021089 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021094 About AMNH ), 3♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021095 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00021097 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Farellones, 33.3 ° S 70.25 ° W, 2700 m, 08 Apr 1962, L. E. Peña, 43 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023702 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023705 About AMNH ) ( JTPC). Laguna de Aculeo, 33.856 ° S 70.926 ° W, 375 m, 12 Nov 1981, R.T. Schuh and N.I. Platnick, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023342 About AMNH ), 1♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023341 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Valparaiso - Region V: Los Andes Prov. : 40 km E of Los Andes, 32.90388 ° S 70.25 ° W, 1500 m, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 123 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023564 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023575 About AMNH ), 14♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00023576 About AMNH – AMNH _ ENT 00023589 About AMNH ) ( AMNH). Quillota Prov. : 9 km W jct Rts 60 & 5, Rio Aconcagua , 32.66972 ° S 71.2 ° W, 240 m, 01 Nov 1994, S. Oygur & E. Barrera, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023555 About AMNH ) ( AMNH) GoogleMaps .
AMNH |
American Museum of Natural History |
USNM |
Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History |
MACN |
Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia |
EELM |
Estacion Experimental Agricola de la Molina |
IMLA |
Fundacion e Instituto Miguel Lillo |
JTPC |
Colorado Entomological Museum (formerly John T. Polhemus collection) |
SEMC |
University of Kansas - Biodiversity Institute |
MNNC |
Museo Nacional de Historia Natural, Santiago |
UCR |
University of California |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
|
Phylum |
|
Class |
|
Order |
|
Family |
|
Genus |
Pseudosaldula bruesi (Drake) Plate
Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT 2009 |
Pseudosaldula pilloana
Schuh, R. T. & B. Galil & J. T. Polhemus 1987: 316 |
Pseudosaldua bruesi
Schuh, R. T. & B. Galil & J. T. Polhemus 1987: 315 |
Pseudosaldula chilensis
Schuh, R. T. & B. Galil & J. T. Polhemus 1987: 315 |
Oreokora amazona
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora bucayana
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora pillaona
Drake, C. J. 1962: 123 |
Oreokora regilla
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora rogeri
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Oreokora angusta
Drake, C. J. 1962: 122 |
Pseudosaldula rogeri
Cobben, R. H. 1961: 98 |
Pentacora amazona Drake, 1955: 154
Drake, C. J. 1955: 154 |
Pentacora bucayana
Drake, C. J. 1955: 157 |
Pentacora pillaona
Drake, C. J. 1955: 156 |
Pentacora araucanica
Drake, C. J. 1955: 152 |
Pentacora regilla
Drake, C. J. 1955: 155 |
Pentacora rogeri
Drake, C. J. 1955: 152 |
Saldula rogeri
Drake, C. J. & L. Hoberlandt 1951: 10 |
Pentacora angusta
Drake, C. J. & J. C. M. Carvalho 1948: 473 |
Saldula araucanica
Drake, C. J. & J. C. M. Carvalho 1948: 474 |
Acanthia rogeri
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1899: 92 |
Acanthia araucanica
Drake, C. J. 1962: 121 |
Kirkaldy, G. W. 1899: 93 |
Acanthia chilensis
Blanchard, E. 1852: 225 |