Pseudosaldula andensis (Distant)

Schuh, RT & Polhemus, JT, 2009, Revision And Analysis Of Pseudosaldula Cobben (Insecta: Hemiptera: Saldidae): A Group With A Classic Andean Distribution, Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2009 (323), pp. 1-102 : 21-23

Pseudosaldula andensis (Distant) Plates 1, 8F–H; figures 1 , 4–6 ; map 1

Acanthia andensis Distant, 1891: 118 (n. sp.). – Distant, 1893: 93 (descr.).

Salda andensis : Lethierry and Severin, 1896: 216 (n. comb., cat.).

Saldula andensis : Drake and Hoberlandt, 1951: 5 (n. comb., cat.).

Pentacora andensis : Drake, 1955: 152. (n. comb.).

Oreokora andensis : Drake, 1962: 121 (n. comb.).

Pseudosaldula andensis : Schuh et al., 1987: 315 (n. comb., cat.).

DIAGNOSIS: Usually brachypterous; dorsum—including membrane of forewing— clothed with reclining, moderately elongate, simple, weakly golden setae, the dorsum highly polished except for dull basal two-thirds of the clavus and adjacent endocorium. Extensive hemelytral polishing restricted to P. andensis and P. bruesi , but exocorium entirely polished in P. andensis whereas exocorium with dull area medially along radial vein in P. bruesi ; membrane in brachypterous specimens of P. andensis completely polished and shining, whereas only veins of membrane polished in P. bruesi ; cells of membrane always coalesced and partially obscured in brachypterous forms of P. andensis , whereas all five cells always visible in P. bruesi .

REDESCRIPTION: Male: Total length 3.57, width pronotum 1.29. COLORATION (pl. 1): Hemelytron ranging from almost entirely dark, with cells transparent, to largely pale with only clavus, extreme base of corium, and medial portion of exocorium dark; antennal segment 1 usually largely pale, sometimes weakly darkened, segments 2, 3, and 4 more strongly darkened; legs, including coxae, largely pale, apex of foretibia with a contrasting, narrow, brown band. SURFACE AND VESTITURE (pl. 1; figs. 4 , 5C–E ): Basal two-thirds of clavus and adjacent endocorium dull, hemelytron otherwise polished and shining in brachypterous specimens, only basal portion of membrane polished in macropterous forms; hemelytron with a few small pruinose/pale areas. Vestiture of dorsum usually with numerous recumbent, golden, shining setae, often also with moderately long, suberect, dark setae, especially on clavus, corium, and membrane. STRUCTURE (pl., 1; figs. 4 , 5 ): Usually brachypterous, rarely macropterous; body broadest at about level of midpoint of claval commissure. Thorax: Pronotum weakly campanulate, lateral margins ranging from nearly straight to weakly concave. Hemelytra: Cells of membrane always partly coalesced or obscured. GENITALIA ( figs. 1 , 6 ): Parandria: Inner sclerotized margin smoothly rounded; posterior margin weakly curving.

Parameres: Processus sensualis with 10–15 setae.

Female (pl. 1): Total length 4.21, width pronotum 1.52. COLORATION (pl. 1; fig. 4 ): As in male; subgenital plate usually completely dark, occasionally broadly pale apically. SURFACE AND VESTITURE ( fig. 5C–E ): As in male, except membrane in macropterous form completely devoid of setae. STRUCTURE: Abdomen: See generic description. GENITALIA: See generic description.

DISTRIBUTION: Central Colombia to Northern Peru.

HABITAT DATA AND ALTITUDINAL RANGE: Known to occur at altitudes between 2300–4000 meters. Available habitat data indicate that specimens have been collected on seeps and muddy margins of small streams and small lakes. Some specimens have been taken in more temporary habitats along roadsides and on sandy stream margins.

DISCUSSION: Drake’s (1962) synonymy of bruesi Drake and Hoberlandt with andensis Distant is erroneous, based on our examination of the types and other material. The holotype of P. andensis is representative of the darker forms for the species. Distant (1891) indicated that he had ‘‘a single example’’ of andensis ; thus, the lectotype label affixed to the type by Cobben is unnecessary.

HOLOTYPE: brachypterous female, ‘‘ Type ; Machachi, Ecuador, 9–10,000 feet, Ed. Whymper [0.5 ° S 78.5667 ° W, 2873 m]; 1368 (32); Distant Coll. 1911-383; Acanthia andensis Dist .; LECTOTYPE S. andensis Dist., R. H. Cobben 1961 .’’ Deposited in the BMNH .

SPECIMENS EXAMINED: COLOMBIA: Caldas: Mt. Ruiz, 4.9 ° N 75.3 ° W, 4000 m, 21 Aug 1969, D.H. Messersmith, 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022198) ( USNM). ECUADOR: Cotopaxi: 13 km W of Pujili, 0.87001 ° S 78.7246 ° W, 3550 m, 02 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023279), 5 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 00023987, AMNH _ ENT 00023988), 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00021612– AMNH _ENT 00021613, AMNH _ENT 00022174– AMNH _ENT 00022175), 4♀ ( AMNH _ ENT00021609– AMNH _ENT00021611, AMNH _ ENT 00022176) ( AMNH). 13 ( AMNH _ ENT 00023769), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023-

773) ( JTPC). 20 km W of Pujili, 0.89941 ° S 78.73955 ° W, 3700 m, 02 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00022179– AMNH _ ENT 00022181), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022177, AMNH _ENT 00022178) ( AMNH). 22 km W of Pujili, 0.89938 ° S 78.74185 ° W, 3650 m, 02 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022169– AMNH _ENT 00022171), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022172, AMNH _ENT 00022173) ( AMNH). 9 km W of Pujili, 0.88965 ° S 78.71362 ° W, 3300 m, 02 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 63 ( AMNH _ENT 00020087– AMNH _ENT 00020088, AMNH _ENT 00023- 268– AMNH _ENT 00023270, AMNH _ENT 00023627), 2♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023271, AMNH _ENT 00023272), 173 ( AMNH _ENT 00022140– AMNH _ENT 00022156), 29♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021550– AMNH _ENT 00021- 577, AMNH _ENT 00021590) ( AMNH). 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00022161– AMNH _ENT 00022164), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021586– AMNH _ENT 00021589) ( EELM). 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00023765– AMNH _ENT 00023- 768), 7♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023774– AMNH _ ENT 00023780) ( JTPC). 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00022157– AMNH _ENT 00022160), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021582– AMNH _ENT 00021- 585) ( IMLA). 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00022165– AMNH _ENT 00022168), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021578– AMNH _ENT 00021581) ( USNM). NW slope Mt Cotopaxi, 0.21667 ° N 78.15 ° W, 3500 m, 26 Jul 1969 – 05 Aug 1969, P. and B. Wygodzinsky, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022195) ( AMNH). Loja: 8 km S of Manu, Rio Achucay, 3.55 ° S 79.41 ° W, 2470 m, 07 Nov 1987, J. Rawlins, C. Young, R. Davidson, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023770) ( JTPC). Napo: 10 km E of Papallacta, 0.37 ° S 78.08 ° W, 2620 m, 05 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00023273, AMNH _ENT 000- 23764), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023274), 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00022186), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022187– AMNH _ENT 00022189) ( AMNH). 3 km N of Papallacta, 0.33955 ° S 78.13333 ° W, 3250 m, 03 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 4 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 00023954) ( AMNH). 52 km E of Quito, 0.22 ° S 78.03 ° W, 3800 m, 03 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023280), 43 ( AMNH _ENT 00021595– AMNH _ENT 00021598), 4♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021599– AMNH _ENT 00021602) ( AMNH). Laguna Papallacta, Papallacta, 0.37 ° S 78.08 ° W, 3300 m, 05 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023275), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023276– AMNH _ENT 00023278), 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00021603– AMNH _ENT 00021605), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021606– AMNH _ENT 00021608) ( AMNH). Pichincha: 23 km N of Latacunga, 0.73 ° S 78.59 ° W, 3000 m, 02 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 43 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 21591– AMNH _ENT 00021594) ( AMNH). 24 km S of Quito, 0.43358 ° S 78.5 ° W, 2700 m, 02 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 2 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 00023955) ( AMNH). 28 km S of Quito, 0.44104 ° S 78.56115 ° W, 2700 m, 01 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 20 nymphs ( AMNH _ ENT 00023956), 83 ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23180– AMNH _ENT 00023187), 13♀ ( AMNH _ ENT 00021620– AMNH _ENT 00021632) ( AMNH). 3 km W of 30–71 jct, en route to Santo Domingo de los Colorados, 2800 m, 01 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023953), 2 nymphs ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23953) ( AMNH). 48 km E of Quito, 0.33589 ° S 78.18247 ° W, 3850 m, 03 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 23 ( AMNH _ENT 00021618, AMNH _ENT 00021619), 3♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00021614– AMNH _ENT 000- 21616) ( AMNH). 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 000- 23772) ( JTPC). 5 km W of Calacali, 0.02 ° N 78.56 ° W, 2600 m, 06 Feb 1976, R.T. Schuh, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023281), 33 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022182– AMNH _ENT 00022184), 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022185) ( AMNH). PERU: Amazonas: Chachapoyas, 6.41667 ° S 77.33333 ° W, 2300 m, 12 Jul 1972, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023266), 33 ( AMNH _ENT 00022192– AMNH _ENT 00022194) ( AMNH). Molinopampa, 43 km E Chachapoyas, 6.41652 ° S 76.94229 ° W, 2300 m, 11 Jul 1972, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023464), 23 ( AMNH _ ENT 00022190, AMNH _ENT 00022191) ( AMNH). Cajamarca: Celendin, Rio Grande, 6.8703 ° S 78.1517 ° W, 2625 m, 17 Jun 1936, F. Woytkowski, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00023771) ( JTPC). Rio Lallanga, vicinity of Llangua, 14 Jun 1936, F. Woytkowski, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023267) ( SEMC). La Libertad: 25 km S of Cajabamba, 7.6748 ° S 78.03022 ° W, 3000 m, 20 Jan 1976, R.T. and J.C. Schuh, 1♀ ( AMNH _ENT 00022197) ( AMNH). Samne, ca 40 km NE of Trujillo, 7.98333 ° S 78.68333 ° W, 1500 m, 12 Jul 1975, C. Porter and L. Stange, 13 ( AMNH _ENT 00023646) ( IMLA).

Figures

Map 1. Distribution of Pseudosaldula andensis.

Fig. 1. Parandria of 14 Pseudosaldula spp. and two Saldula spp.

Fig. 4. Habitus of Pseudosaldula andensis, female.

Fig. 5. Pseudosaldula andensis (scanning electron micrographs). A. Lateral view of whole specimen. B. Frontolateral view of face showing structure of transverse swelling across base of clypeus. C. Lateral view of pronotum, scutellum, and base of hemelytron showing erect setae on dorsum. D. Detail of scutellum and clavus showing erect setae and interface between areas of polished cuticle on scutellum and microtrichia on clavus. E. Detail of clavus and row of punctures along claval suture, showing suberect simple setae and microtricha. F. Detail of gland pore on paramere. mp, mandibular plate; tvs, transverse swelling.

Fig. 6. Pseudosaldula andensis (scanning electron micrographs). Left paramere. A. Ventral face at level of processus sensualis. B. Dorsal face at level of processus sensualis. C. Apex of paramere, showing short setiform sensors. D. View of paramere from apical region along dorsal face of shaft. ps, processus sensualis.