CARPOCANIOIDEA Haeckel, 1882

Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian, 2021, A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts, Geodiversitas 43 (15), pp. 405-573 : 478

Superfamily CARPOCANIOIDEA Haeckel, 1882 n. stat.

Carpocanida Haeckel, 1882: 427 [below a tribe].

DIAGNOSIS. — Consists of an oval to spindle shape shell with two to three (rarely four) segments. Cephalis small, tending to sink into the thorax.

REMARKS

As no appropriate superfamily name has been proposed for this family, the taxonomic rank of the Carpocaniidae sensu De Wever et al. (2001) is used here. However, some partial definitions of this superfamily used byDe Wever et al. (2001), “cephalis simple”, are excluded from its definition as the type genus of the Carpocaniidae is known to have a very complex, cephalic initial spicular system (see remarks for Carpocaniidae ). The “ Carpocaniidae ” sensu bothPetrushevskaya (1981: 225-226) and De Wever et al. (2001) used to be a member of the superfamily Eucyrtidioidea , but Matsuzaki et al. (2015: 66) excluded this family from the Eucyrtidioidea based on the different cephalic structures observed. This morphological decision was later confirmed by a molecular study ( Sandin et al. 2019). The cephalic structure, similar to the Carpocaniidae and Artostrobiidae , is a complex arch and composed of supplementary rod-systems along the V-rod. As these families are poorly differentiated by molecular studies (99 PhyML bootstrap value 10 000 replicates, BS and 0.68 posterior probabilities), it may not be necessary to separate them at the superfamily level. This superfamily includes the Carpocaniidae and probably the Diacanthocapsidae in the Cenozoic.