PHORTICIIDAE Haeckel, 1882

Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian, 2021, A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts, Geodiversitas 43 (15), pp. 405-573 : 450-451

Family PHORTICIIDAE Haeckel, 1882

sensu Dumitrica (1989)

Phorticida Haeckel, 1882: 464 [as a subfamily]; 1887: 604, 708 [as a family]. — nec Rüst 1892: 175 [as a family]. — Schröder 1909: 4, 62 [as a family]. — Anderson 1983: 25 [as a family].

Larnacida Haeckel, 1887: 604, 614-616 [ nomen nudum, as a family]. — Bütschli 1889: 1965-1966 [as a family]. — Schröder 1909: 4 [as a family]. — Anderson 1983: 24 [as a family].

Larnacillida – Haeckel 1887: 616, 617 [as a subfamily].

Larnacalpida Haeckel, 1887: 616, 619 [as a subfamily].

Larnacidae [ sic] – Popofsky 1908: 229-230 [ nomen nudum] (= Larnacillidae ). — Campbell & Clark 1944a: 30. — Chediya 1959: 152. — Tan & Tchang 1976: 258. — Tan 1998: 249. — Tan & Chen 1999: 240.

Phorticidae [ sic] – Popofsky 1912: 153-154 (= Phorticiidae ). — Campbell & Clark 1944a: 31. — Campbell 1954: D100. — Chediya 1959: 161. — Tan & Tchang 1976: 266. — Chen & Tan 1996: 152. — Chen et al. 2017: 163.

Phorticiidae – Poche 1913: 210.

Larnacillidae – Poche 1913: 210. — Frizzell & Middour 1951: 27. — Campbell 1954: D96. — Nakaseko & Sugano 1976: 126. — Kozur & Mostler 1979: 47. — Dumitrica 1989: 233; 1995: 25. — Takahashi 1991: 88. — De Wever et al. 2001: 153, 156. — Afanasieva et al. 2005: S287. — Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 129-130.

Larnacalpinae [ sic] – Campbell & Clark 1944a: 30 (= Larnacalpidinae). — Frizzell & Middour 1951: 27. — Chediya 1959: 153.

Larnacillinae – Campbell 1954: D96. — Chediya 1959: 153. — Dumitrica 1989: 233-234. — De Wever et al. 2001: 156. — Afanasieva et al. 2005: S287. — Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 130.

Larnacalpidinae – Campbell 1954: D96.

TYPE GENUS. — Phorticium Haeckel, 1882: 464 [ type species by subsequent designation ( Campbell 1954: D100): Phorticium pylonium Haeckel, 1887: 709 ].

INCLUDED GENERA. — Larnacilla Haeckel, 1887: 617 (= Larnacalpis n. syn.). — Phorticium Haeckel, 1882: 464 (= Phortopyle with the same type species). — Qiuripylolena Zhang & Suzuki, 2017: 52 . — Sphaerolarnacillium Zhang & Suzuki, 2017: 47 .

NOMINA DUBIA. — Amphibrachella , Amphibrachidium , Amphibrachoma , Amphibrachura , Druppulissa , Larnacospongus , Larnacidium , Larnacoma , Larnacostupa , Phortolarcus .

DIAGNOSIS. — The skeleton consists of several systems of phorticiidtype structures. Protoplasm was only reported for Sphaeropylolena. A red endoplasm occupies the inner part of the shell, which is enclosed by a reddish-brown endoplasm. The outermost part of the skeleton outcrops from the endoplasm. Pseudopodia radiate throughout the endoplasm and an axoflagellum is sometimes observable. Isolated skeleton fragments are scattered throughout the endoplasm in bundles of pseudopodia. The pseudopodia seem to be immobile and are strongly cohesive. No algal symbionts are observed.

STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — late Middle Eocene-Living.

REMARKS

This family was previously called Larnacillidae . However, Phorticiidae is the oldest senior synonym of Larnacillidae . Phorticiidae has been employed as family name in several Chinese monographs (see synonymy), hence the unfeasible use of Larnacillidae as a valid name.Internal skeletal structures for Larnacilla ( Dumitrica 1989: pl. 11, figs 1-7), Qiuripylolena (Sugiyama et al. 1992: pl. 10, figs 1-5), Phorticium (Sugiyama et al. 1992: pl. 10, figs 8, 9; van de Paverd 1995: pl. 58, fig. 2) and Sphaerolarnacillium ( Nakaseko & Nishimura 1982: pl. 27, fig. 5; Sugiyama et al. 1992: pl. 11, figs 2-8) were illustrated. Illustrations of living specimens and protoplasm images were published for Sphaeropylolena ( KrabberØd et al., 2011: figs 1.N; Suzuki N. et al. 2013: figs 3.1-3.9, 4.1-4.9, 7.1; Matsuoka et al. 2017: appendix A).

VALIDITY OF GENERA

Larnacilla

Difference between Larnacilla and Larnacalpis is a single medullary shell in the former and a double medullary shell in the latter ( Campbell 1954: D96). This difference is considered to be caused by preservation effects. As both these genera were simultaneously published, the available genus in the earlier page Larnacilla is validated herein ( Haeckel 1887: 617 for Larnacilla and 620 for Larnacalpis ).