Anopheles (Anopheles) belenrae Rueda

Rueda, Leopoldo M., 2005, Two new species of Anopheles (Anopheles) Hyrcanus Group (Diptera: Culicidae) from the Republic of South Korea, Zootaxa 941, pp. 1-26 : 2-13

Anopheles (Anopheles) belenrae Rueda , new species

( Figs. 1 –4)

Anopheles “unknown sp. Korea ” of Wilkerson et al., 2003: 9 (rDNA ITS2 sequence). Anopheles “unknown 1” of Li et al., 2005 (rDNA ITS2 sequence).

Description. — Female ( Fig. 1 ). Integument dark brown with silvery or grayish pollinosity. For the following measurements and counts, n = 10, except where indicated. Head. Interocular space with 9–14 long, pale setae intermixed with long and small, narrow, appressed white scales; vertex, occiput, and upper portion of postgena with numerous erect, truncate scales; middorsal portion of vertex with patch of white scales; lateral portion of vertex, occiput and upper portion of postgena with patch of dark brown to black scales; ventral portion of postgena with long dark brown to black setae. Clypeus bare dorsally, with dark brown scales laterally. Pedicel of antenna with 8–18 (n = 16) small dorsolateral, narrow to broad, grayish white spatulate scales; flagellomere 1 with numerous narrow to broad white scales; flagellomeres 2–8 with a few scattered narrow to broad white scales. Scales of maxillary palpus slender, spatulate, mostly dark brown to black with intermixed dark brown setae; narrow band of white scales at base of palpomeres 3 and 4, and at base and apex of palpomere 5; apical white band of palpomere 5 slightly longer than other basal palpomere white bands; base of maxillary palpus dorsally with single long, erect dark seta; length of maxillary palpus 1.65–2.40 mm (mean = 2.10 mm); ratio of length of each of palpomeres 2–5 to total length of palpus, 2 = 0.26–0.35 (mean = 0.32), 3 = 0.33–0.39 (mean = 0.36), 4 = 0.10–0.12 (mean = 0.014), 5 = 0.10–0.15 (mean = 0.12); ratio of combined palpomeres 4, 5 to total length of palpus, 0.30–0.36 (mean = 0.32); palpus 0.88–1.18 (mean = 1.04) forefemur length. Proboscis dark­scaled, labellum light brown; base of proboscis with long, erect dark setae; proboscis length 1.05–2.35 mm (mean = 2.04 mm); proboscis 0.91–1.16 (mean = 1.10) palpus length. Thorax. Scutum dark brown, with gray pollinosity, usually covered with intermixed narrow, short and long pale yellow to light brown scales; median anterior promontory with patch of intermixed narrow, short and long white scales. Darker lateral areas of scutum with longer dark setae. Scutal fossa, antealar area and supraalar area slightly pale pollinose. Scutellum dark brown, slightly pale dusted, with 14–21 shorter and 12–16 long setae, short setae intermixed pale yellow and dark brown, long setae dark brown. Antepronotum with 14–24 dark brown setae, and patch of dark scales anteriorly. Pleuron brown to dark brown; upper proepisternum with 3–7 setae, without scales; prespiracular area with 3–6 setae, without scales; prealar area with 4–13 setae, without scales; upper mesokatepisternum with 3–9 setae, without scales; lower mesokatepisternum with 1–9 setae, without scales; upper mesepimeron with 5–14 setae, without scales. Legs. Fore­ and midlegs dark­scaled except white scales dorsally on apex of femora and tibiae, and pale scales ventrally on parts of femora, tibiae and tarsomeres 1; complete narrow apical pale bands on tarsomeres 1–3; apical pale band on tarsomere 4 absent. Hindlegs dark­scaled as on fore­ and midlegs, except apical white scales on tarsomeres 4. Midcoxa with upper and lower patches of pale scales; upper patch 5–11 scales, lower patch 6–14 scales. Forefemur length 1.65–2.30 mm (mean = 2.02 mm, n = 8), ratio of forefemur length to proboscis length 0.85–1.04 (mean = 0.94, n = 8). Midfemur length 1.85–2.50 mm (mean = 2.30 mm, n = 9), ratio of midfemur length to proboscis length 0.93–1.12 (mean = 1.04, n = 9). Hindfemur length 1.95–2.75 mm (mean = 2.39 mm, n = 9), ratio of hindfemur length to proboscis length 1.00–2.23 (mean = 1.24, n = 9).

Wing (Table 1). Length (measured from humeral crossvein to wing tip, excluding fringe) 3.40–4.65 mm (mean = 3.94 mm). Dark scales brown to black, pale scales white and pale yellow. Costa (C) dark­scaled with small subcostal pale spot (SCP, mean = 0.25 mm) and preapical pale spot (PP, mean = 0.15 mm); remigium with dark and pale scales; humeral crossvein and arculus without scale patch. Subcosta (Sc) dark­scaled with few scattered spatulate white scales from base to sector dark (SD). Radius (R) to R1 darkscaled except 3 pale spots (SP, SCP and PP), scattered white spatulate scales from base to presector dark (PSD), and stripe of white scales on SD before SCP; base of Rs dark­scaled; bifurcation of R2 and R3 dark­scaled; base of R4+5 dark­scaled; tips of R1, R2, R3 and R4+5 usually with pale fringe. Media (M) mostly pale­scaled; bifurcation of M1+2 and M3+4 darkscaled; tips of M1+2 and M3+4 with dark fringe. Cubitus (Cu) with basal dark spot, length 0.2–0.4 (mean = 0.25); Cu1 with 3 or 4 dark spots, length of first basal spot 0.15–0.30 mm (mean = 0.19 mm), second spot 0.20–0.35 mm (mean = 0.25 mm), third spot 0.50–0.65 mm (mean = 0.58 mm), distal fourth spot 0.15–0.25 mm (mean = 0.18 mm); Cu2 with distal dark spot only, length 0.10–0.30 mm (mean = 0.22 mm); tips of Cu1 and Cu2 with dark fringe. Anal vein (1A) with 1 or 2 dark spots, basal spot length 0.20–0.40 mm (mean = 0.27 mm), distal spot length 0.35–1.10 mm (mean = 0.55 mm), tip of 1A with dark fringe. Halter . Scabellum, pedicel and capitellum pale to light brown with grayish pollinosity. Descriptive statistics for ratios of costal and R–R1 wing spot lengths/length of wing measured from humeral crossvein are shown in Table 1, with holotype male wing measurements in brackets. Abdomen. Terga and sterna dark brown to black with grayish pollinosity, covered with pale brown to golden brown setae.

TABLE 1. An. belenrae : descriptive statistics for ratios of veins C and R­R1 wing spot lengths/ length of wing measured from humeral crossvein*.

Wing spot Range Mean + SD

Costa (C)

Apical dark (AD) 0.02 ­ 0.06 0.05 + 0.02 [0.06]

*Eleven wings from the holotype and paratypes; [], holotype male.

Male ( Figs. 2 C, D). As in female except for following sexual differences. Maxillary palpus 0.88–1.11 length of proboscis (mean = 0.97; n = 18 for this and n = 6 for following measurements except where indicated), apex of palpomere 3 and all of palpomeres 4 and 5 enlarged. Maxillary palpus with dark brown and white scales, dorsal surface of all segments with white scales; palpomere 2 with slightly erect dark brown scales at base and pale scales from middle to apex; palpomere 3 dark­scaled with long yellowish to light brown setae at apex; palpomere 4 pale yellow to dark brown­scaled with narrow basal white band, inner surface with long yellowish­brown to light brown setae; palpomere 5 pale brown­scaled with narrow basal white band, lateral surface with white scales and numerous dark brown short setae. Proboscis length 2.48–3.48 mm (mean = 2.81 mm, n = 9), dark brown­scaled. Anal vein with single dark spot. Tergum IX bare, with pair of elongate caudally directed capitate tergal lobes; length of lobe from base to tip 0.94 distance between 2 lobes; middle of lobe narrower, 0.50 width of lobe tip and 0.06 width of lobe base. Gonocoxite 1.87–2.16x as long as wide at widest point; dorsal (postrotational) surface with many long setae distally, slender fusiform and spatulate scales and numerous small spicules proximally; ventral surface as dorsal but with lateral scales and numerous longer spicules; mesal parabasal spine (parabasal 1) stout, borne on slightly raised base; parabasal 2 stout with slender tip; parabasal 1 base 0.06 from base of gonocoxite; parabasal 2 base 0.04–0.06 from base of gonocoxite; internal seta slender, base 0.15–0.22 distance from base of gonocoxite. Gonostylus widened at base and narrowed toward middle and tip; gonostylus 1.09 length of gonocoxite; gonostylus 26.44x longer than gonostylar claw. Claspette. Dorsal lobe of claspette with 3 closely appressed setae of about equal length; tips of 2 lateral setae curved and bluntly rounded; tip of middle seta slightly curved and round; tip of composite structure club­shaped. Ventral lobe of claspette with 2 long subapical setae, most apical much longer than other. Both ventral and dorsal lobes, and areas in between them, with numerous spicules. Aedeagal leaflets 4–6 per side; 3 mesal leaflets broadest, with broad, thin, nearly transparent inner margins; other leaflets with narrow, thin, nearly transparent inner margins; most mesal leaflet with 0–3 aciculae.

Pupa ( Figs. 2 A–B). Position and development of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches, and number of branches of holotype male as in Table 2 . Integument with light to moderate dark pigmentation. Exuviae colorless to dark brown. Cephalothorax. Mesothoracic wing with distinct rows of round dark spots. Trumpet with thin, lightly serrated pale brown rim; meatus with simple cleft, and its subbasal part with numerous spinules; trumpet length 0.35–0.52 mm (mean = 0.41 mm, n = 20 for this and following measurements and counts except where indicated), width 0.32–0.46 mm (mean = 0.39 mm, measured at base of pinna), index 0.83–1.31 (mean = 1.07); tracheoid area 1.27 length of trumpet. Abdomen. Abdominal tergum I with 2 elongate posterior dark marks (PDM); each PDM narrows mesally at base, with maximum width (0.02–0.05 mm, mean = 0.02 mm) towards distal tip, length 0.26–0.38 mm (mean = 0.31 mm), about 0.24– 0.27 (mean 0.25, n =9) width of abdominal segment I, and longer than the longest branch of seta 1­I. Seta 1­I fan­like with 14–28 aciculate dendritic branches; 6­I with 1–4 branches; 7­I with 1–5 branches; 9­I with 1 or 2 branches. Setae 1,5­III­VII well developed; 1­V 0.92–1.55 (mean = 1.12, n = 18) length of 5­V; 1­VI 0.71–1.64 (mean = 1.09, n = 15); 1­VII 0.82–1.27 (mean = 0.99, n = 17); 3­VI aligned with and mesal of 1­VI unlike on other segments; 8­I­II absent; 9­I simple, single or forked; 9­II very short, simple, spine­like; 9­III short, with slightly rounded tip, 1.14–6.00 (mean = 2.28) length of 9­II; 9­IV strong, lightly pigmented and slightly pointed, 1.00–3.11 (mean = 1.64) length of 9­III; 9­V­VIII long, lightly pigmented and slightly pointed; 9­V 0.96–1.33 (mean = 1.16) length of 9­IV; 9­VI 0.83–1.43 (mean = 1.11) length of 9­V; 9­VII 0.53–1.41 (mean =1.01) length of 9­VI; 9­VIII 0.81–2.94 (mean = 1.45) length of 9­VII; 9­VI 0.10–0.18 (mean = 0.15, n = 10) length of segment VI; 9­VII 0.08–0.16 (mean = 0.13, n = 10) length of segment VII; 9­VIII 0.10–0.26 (mean = 0.17, n = 10) length of segment VIII. Seta 9­I positioned near anterolateral edge of tergum; 9­II on posterolateral edge of tergum; 9­III­ VIII near posterolateral edge of tergum. Segment VII 0.98–1.19 (mean = 1.09, n = 10) length of segment VI; segment VIII 0.60–1.33 (mean = 1.16, n = 10) length of segment VI; segment VIII 0.56–1.23 (mean = 1.06, n = 10) length of segment VII. Segment VII 0.81– 0.93 (mean = 0.89, n = 10) width of segment VI (width at posterior margins); segment VIII 0.79–0.96 (mean = 0.89, n = 10) width of segment VI; segment VIII 0.94–1.06 (mean = 0.99, n = 10) width of segment VII. Width/length of segment VI 2.269–2.77 (mean = 2.55, n = 10), VII 1.89–2.19 (mean = 2.06, n = 10), VIII 1.74–3.83 (mean = 2.05, n = 10). Paddle length 0.78–0.98 mm (mean = 0.85 mm, n = 17), width 0.50–0.69 mm (mean = 0.62 mm, n = 18), length/width ratio 1.42–1.54 (mean = 1.38, n = 18); refractile index 0.59–0.82 (mean = 0.69, n = 17); seta 1­Pa simple or forked (2–3 apical branches); 2­Pa simple or forked (2–3 apical branches); 1­Pa thicker and 1.45x longer than 2­Pa. Width/length of genital lobe of female 1.06–1.65 (mean = 1.39, n = 7), male 0.83–1.41 (mean = 1.01, n = 3); numerous spicules present on subapical and apical margins of genital lobe of female, absent in male.

setae of the holotype and paratypes; [], male holotype.

14 – – – 1 [1] 1 [1]

......continued on the next page Larva ( Fig. 3 ). Position and development of setae as figured; range and modal number of branches and number of branches of holotype male as shown in Table 3 . Head. Length 0.83–0.90 mm (mean = 0.87 mm, n = 9), width 0.71–0.83 mm (mean = 0.78 mm, n = 9). Antennal length 0.31–0.38 mm (mean = 0.35 mm, n = 20), slightly tapered toward apex, 4.86–6.00 (mean = 5.51, n = 20) longer than wide; with spicules longer and more numerous ventrally and in vicinity of seta 1A; spicule length 0.01–0.02 mm (mean = 0.02 mm, n = 12). Seta 1­A with 2–7 (mode = 5, n = 18) branches, length 0.08–0.15 mm (mean = 0.12 mm, n = 18), inserted 0.14–0.19 mm (mean = 0.17 mm, n = 19) from base of antenna; 2­A single, pointed, length 0.09–0.14 mm (mean = 0.12 mm, n = 9); 3­A single, pointed, length 0.10–0.22 mm (mean = 0.15 mm, n = 7); 4­A with 4–7 branches (mode = 5, n = 11); 5­A short, spine­like, 0.13–0.30 (mean = 0.21, n = 13) length of seta 1­A; 6­A spine­like about as long as seta 5­A. Seta 2­C single 1.30–1.79 (mean = 1.53, n = 12) length of 3­C; seta 2­ C close to mate of opposite side 0.002–0.008 mm (mean = 0.004 mm, n = 9); 3­C densely dendritic with 16–30 main branches (mode = 29), longest branch 0.10–0.14 mm (mean = 0.12 mm, n = 8), clypeal index (distance between bases 2­C and 3­C on 1 side/distance between bases of 2­C) 7.75–32.00 (mean = 18.66, n = 8). Thorax. Seta 1­P with 1–3 branches (mode = 1, n = 14); 9, 10, 12­P single; 9­12­P setal support plate spine length 0.03–0.08 mm (mean = 0.05 mm, n = 15). Setae 9, 10, 12­M single; 9­M 1.03–1.56 (mean = 1.21, n = 8) length 10­M; 9­12­M setal support plate spine length 0.02–0.04 mm (mean = 0.03 mm, n = 10). Setae 9, 10­T single; 9­T 1.19–2.09 (mean = 1.64, n = 7) length of 10­T; seta 12­T with 1–3 branches (mode = 2, n =14); 9­12­T setal support plate spine length 0.01–0.04 mm (n = 14); 13­T with 2–6 branches (mode = 2, n = 15). Abdomen. Seta 1­I with 8–14 branches (mode = 8, n = 19); 1­II with 10–19 branches (mode = 12, n = 17). Seta 1­I­VII palmate with well­developed leaflets, each leaflet with short filament; 0­II­ VIII and 14­III­VIII weakly developed; 0,8,14­I and 14­II absent; 3­II,V,VI single; 3­I, III,IV single or branched. Seta 1­X single, 0.61–1.00 (mean = 0.83, n = 9) length of saddle; 1­X inserted on saddle. Saddle with minute, sparse spicules on lateral surface. Integument of posterior margin of segment X with strongly developed dark brown to black spicules. Spiracular apparatus. Pecten plate with 16–22 spines (mode = 17, n = 20); arrangement of spines alternating long and short, with 7–10 (mode = 8, n = 20) long spines and 7–14 (mode = 9, n = 20) short spines; long spines 2.75–5.00 (mean = 3.87, n = 20) length of short spines. Two posterolateral spiracular lobe plates present, each plate with elongate, slender, sclerotized projection from inner caudal margin.

15 5–12 (6) [–] – – – – – –

......continued on the next page aC, head; P, prothorax; M, mesothorax; T, metathorax.

Type material. Holotype male with associated slide­mounted larval and pupal exuviae, and male genitalia; T. Klein, A. Schuster and Park, coll.; reared from a female collected at dairy farm, between 2100 and 2130 hr, 12 July 2001, in Tongilchon (37° 51’N 126° 47’E), Gyeonggi­do, South Korea. Deposited in the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. ( WRBU ACC No. 1684, KS 7(27)­12). Paratypes. SOUTH KOREA: GYEONGGI­DO, Tonggilchon, same data as holotype male, 11 F PeLe, KS 7(27)­1,5­ 9,11,13­15,17; 1 F, KS 7(27); 1 PeLe, KS 7(27)­10; Ogum­ri, Paju (37° 49’N 126° 43’E), H.C. Kim coll., reared from a female collected at cow shed between 2030 and 2130 hr, 29 July 2001, 9 F PeLe, KS 8(12)­5,7­9,11,13­16; 2 M G PeLe, KS 8(12)­6,10; 1 M G PeLe, KS 8(12)­12; 4 PeLe, KS 8(12)­1­4; Gangwha (37° 45’N 126° 29’E), H.C. Kim coll., progeny of adult collected at cow shed between 2000 and 2230 hr, 1 September 2001, 8 F PeLe, KS 9(8)­9­11,18­21,23; M G PeLe, KS 9 (8)­13,1; 1 F, KS 9(8); 10 PeLe, KS 9 (8)­ 1,2,4,6,7,12,14­17. DNA vouchers are deposited in the NMNH, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Diagnosis. Anopheles belenrae has the following diagnostic features. Adult female. Maxillary palpus with palpomere 3 having narrow basal pale band about as wide as pale bands of other palpomeres; vein Cu2 without apical pale fringe spot (like An. lesteri Baisas and Hu , but unlike An. sinensis Wiedemann , An. sineroides Yamada , and An. pullus Yamada ); subcostal pale (SCP) spot narrow; humeral crossveins without scales (unlike An. pseudosinensis Baisas ); midcoxa with upper patch of pale scales (like An. sinensis but unlike An. lesteri ); hindtarsomeres 1–4 with narrow apical pale bands, hindtarsomere 4 without basal pale band [unlike An. peditaeniatus (Leicester) ]. Adult male. Male genitalia with dorsal lobe of claspette having 3 closely appressed setae of about equal length. Aedeagus with 4–6 leaflets on each side; 2 most mesal leaflets with broader transparent inner margins than other leaflets. Tergum IX bare, with pair of caudally directed elongate capitate lobes. Pupa. Trumpet with thin, slightly serrated pale brown rim (like sinensis , and unlike lesteri with thickly serrated rim). Wing sheath with distinct rows of round dark spots (like An. sinensis , unlike An. lesteri which has checkered dark stripes). Setae 9­III­ VII single, with narrowly rounded apex (like An. lesteri ); seta 5­V with 8–25 branches. Larva. Setae 2­C, 3­P, 3,5­M single; 3­C with 16–30 branches; 4­M with 2–6 erect branches; 9­M less than twice the length of 10­M,T; 5­III with 6–12 branches; 9­III with 5–10 branches; 13­IV with 3–10 branches; 1­X strong, single about as long as the saddle (unlike An. lesteri which is about 2x or more longer than the saddle); pecten with 7–10 long spines and 7–14 short spines.

Etymology. The species is named with gratitude and affection for Belen P. Rueda, for her encouragement and support.

Remarks. The specimens used in this study were progeny reared from adults that were collected in cow sheds at 2 villages with rice paddies, and at a dairy farm in an urban area. Nothing is known about the natural habitats of the immature stages. The ribosomal DNA ITS2 sequence of An. belenrae is provided by Wilkerson et al. (2003, page 9, Figure 1 , no. 4, “unknown sp. Korea ”; GenBank Accession no. AY375466 ), and Li et al. (2005, Anopheles unknown 1).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Anopheles belenrae, adult. (A) Female, habitus. (B) Male head, side view.

FIGURE 2. Anopheles belenrae. (A) Pupa, cephalothorax. (B) Pupa, metathorax and abdomen, left side dorsal, right side ventral. (C) Male genitalia. (D) Tergum IX. Abbreviations used include CT = cephalothorax, GL = genital lobe, Pa = paddle, PDM = posterior dark mark.

FIGURE 3. Anopheles belenrae, larva. (A) Head, left side dorsal, right side ventral. (B) Dorsomentum (Dm). (C) Thorax and abdominal segments I – VI, left side dorsal, right side ventral. (D) Pecten plate (PP) and pecten spines. (E) Abdominal segments VIII – X, side view.

Tables

TABLE 2. Pupal setal branching for An. belenrae: range mode () based on counts made on 9 ­ 20

Seta no.	Cephalothorax CT	I	Abdominal segments II III	IV
0	–	–	1–5(2) [2] 1–3(2) [2]	1–2(2) [2]
1 2	1–4 (2) [1, 2] 1–3(2) [3, 2]	14–28(24) [16, 27] 2–4(3) [2, 4]	4–15(9) [6, 8] 8–26(10) [26, 15] 1–8(6) [6, 7] 3–8(6) [7, 3]	5–16(13) [16, 5] 3–6(4) [4, 5]
3	1–4(1) [1]	1–7(3) [3]	1–5(1) [1] 1–4(3) [1, 3]	2–4(3) [3]
4	1–3(2) [1, 2]	2–5(2) [2, 4]	1–4(3) [3, 4] 1–3(2) [1]	1–2(2) [2, 1]
5	1–5(2) [2, 4]	2–7(6) [6, 2]	1–3(2) [2] 8–24(20) [20, 23]	8–25(12) [19, 11]
6	1–3(1) [1]	1–4(1) [1]	1–2(1) [1] 1–3(1) [1]	1–2(1) [1]
7	1–2(1) [2]	1–5(1) [1]	1–3(2) [1, 2] 1–3(2) [2, 3]	1–3(2) [3]
8	1–2(1) [1]	–	– 1–2(1) [2, 1]	1–3(1) [1, 2]
9	1–3(1) [2]	1–2(1) [1]	1 [1] 1 [1]	1 [1]
10 11	1–3(1) [2] 1–3(2) [2]	– –	– 1–2(1) [2, 1] – 1–2(1) [1]	1–2(1) [1] 1 [1]
12	1–4(2) [2]	–	– –	–
13	–	–	– –	–

TABLE 3. Larval setal branching for An. belenrae: range mode () based on counts made on 6 ­ 20 setae of the holotype and paratypes; [], male holotype.

Seta no.	Head C a	P	Thorax M	T	Abdominal segments I II III
0	–	1 [1]	–	–	– 1–3(2) [2] 1–3(2) [1]
1	1 [1]	1–3(1)[3]	15–26(18) [23]	1 [1]	8–14(8) [8] 10–19(12) [10] 14–21(17) [17]
2	1 [1]	6–12(6) [9]	1 [1]	1–2 [1]	4–7(6) [6] 4–8(8) [8, 6] 4–6(4) [5]