Hypatropis, Bergroth, 1891

Barros, Lurdiana D., Barão, Kim R. & Grazia, Jocelia, 2021, Taxonomic updates on the Mecocephala group (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Redescription of ‘ Hypatropis complex’, with a review of genitalic terminology and new records, Zootaxa 4981 (1), pp. 1-46 : 5-6

‘ Hypatropis complex’

Diagnosis. Members of this complex of genera are similar in coloration and body size, about 9.00 mm, characterized by: head wider than long, about 20% wider than long, apex rounded; mandibular plates obtuse and convex apically; clypeal apex obtuse, in a lower level than mandibular plates in lateral view; clypeal suture inserted anteriorly to an imaginary line crossing posterior margin of the compound eyes. Anteocular process present, shorter and obtuse; antenniferous tubercles visible in dorsal view, each with an obtuse lateral process. Antennomere 1 not reaching apex of head; antennomere 2 apparent ( Figs 1–4 , 188 ). Bucculae rectilinear. Length of labium variable ( Figs 13, 15, 17, 19 , 190 ), not reaching the third abdominal sternite. First labiomere contained between bucculae; labiomeres 3 and 4 entirely cylindrical ( Figs 9–12 , 189 ). Pronotum trapezoidal; anterolateral margins of pronotum explanate; humeral angles not produced ( Figs 1–4 , 188 ). Each ostiole of the thoracic external scent efferent system (ESES) opened posterolaterally; each peritreme spout-like; anterolateral margins of evaporatorium rounded, tapered in Pedinonotus ; evaporatorium on each mesopleuron surpassing the limits of mesocoxal sutures ( Figs 21–26 , 191 ). Legs concolorous with ventral surface of body ( Figs 14, 16, 18, 20 ). Length of femora and tibiae subequal. Femora unarmed. Tibiae grooved dorsally. Tarsi 3-segmented. Scutellum longer than wide, apex rounded, not surpassing the posterior margins of abdominal tergite 5. Basal angles of scutellum foveate; foveae smaller than the diameter of a compound eye ( Figs 1–4 , 188 ). Corium longer than scutellum, reaching apices of abdominal tergite 5; apex of radial vein calloused, smooth in Pedinonotus ; membrane with linear veins, varying in number. Genital cup of pygophore narrow, broad in Pedinonotus , globose, opened dorsoposteriorly. Ventral rim folded in two layers, the inferior and superior layers of ventral rim. Superior layer of ventral rim projected toward genital cup, developed laterally to segment X. Parameres absent ( Figs 27–38 ), except in Pedinonotus ( Fig. 194 ). Phallotheca with a pair of dorsal processes, and three pairs of projections: 1+ 1 in posterodorsal margin, 1+ 1 in posterolateral margins, and 1+1 ventrobasal. Process of vesica long, surpassing the conjunctiva. Ductus seminis distalis convolute ( Figs 39–47 , 198–200 ). Valvifers 8 partially covering the valvifers 9, mesial margins juxtaposed. Valvulae 8 not visible. Valvifers 9 levelled, relative to the position of segment X, in lateral view. Laterotergites 8 lacking spiracles ( Figs 48–51 , 201 ). Valvulae 9 with 1+1 medially sclerotized areas, and the secondary thickening wide and with posterior projection larger than the ring sclerites. Ring sclerites elliptical. Ectodermal ductus: arcuate posterior portion of thickening of vaginal intima conical, longer than the round anterior portion. Median wall of vesicular area enlarged subproximally, and straight. Pars intermedialis rectilinear. Capsula seminalis globose, smaller in relation to the length of pars intermedialis ( Figs 52–54 , 202 ).

Comments. The most distinctive characters of the ‘ Hypatropis complex’, differentiating it from other genera of the Mecocephala group, are the head wider than long, mandibular plates in a higher level than the clypeus in lateral view, and parameres absent, except in Pedinonotus .

Key to genera of Hypatropis complex

1 Parameres present.......................................................... Pedinonotus Fernandes & Grazia

- Parameres absent..................................................................................... 2

2 Dorsal surface of body slightly convex ( Figs 14, 16 ). Anterolateral margins of pronotum rectilinear or concave ( Figs 1–2 )... ................................................................................................... 3

- Dorsal surface of body uniformly flat ( Figs 18, 20 ). Anterolateral margins of pronotum convex ( Figs 3–4 )............... 4

3 Clypeus wider basally than apically. Superior process of pygophore absent ( Fig. 28 ); middle region of dorsal rim of pygophore entire ( Fig. 27 ). Segment X tumescent process basally ( Fig. 88 , black arrow). Valvifers 8 subequal in length to laterotergites 9. Process of each lateral margin of valvifers 9 not covering the laterotergites 9 ( Fig. 48 )................ Hypatropis Bergroth

- Clypeus uniformly wide. Superior process of pygophore present ( Fig. 31 , white arrow); middle region of dorsal rim of pygophore notched ( Fig. 30 ). Segment X tumescent process medially ( Fig. 121 , black arrow). Valvifers 8 at least twice as much longer than laterotergites 9 ( Fig. 49 ). Process of each lateral margin of valvifers 9 partially overlapping the laterotergites 9, forming a constriction............................................................. Amauromelpia Fernandes & Grazia

4 Posterior margin of bucculae tapering toward base of head ( Fig. 11 ). Anterior angles of pronotum without processes ( Fig. 7 ). Inferior layer of ventral rim of pygophore with one median tooth-like projection ( Figs 33–35 ). Segment X with tumescence. Valvifers 9 depressed. Laterotergites 8 acutely projected. Laterotergites 9 convergent ( Fig. 50 )........................................................................................ Luridocimex Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner

- Posterior margin of bucculae lobate ( Fig. 12 ). Anterior angles of pronotum with processes ( Fig. 8 , black arrow). Inferior layer of ventral rim of pygophore with 1+1 tooth-like projections ( Figs 36–38 ). Segment X without tumescence. Valvifers 9 swollen. Laterotergites 8 straight or obtusely projected. Laterotergites 9 divergent ( Fig. 51 )...................................................................................................... Stysiana Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner

Figures

FIGURES 1–12. Head and pronotum. 1–4: dorsal view; 5–8: detail of anterior angles of pronotum; 9–12: lateral view. 1, 5: Hypatropis inermis; 9: Hypatropis australis; 2, 6, 10: Amauromelpia ussu; 3, 7, 11: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi; 4, 8, 12: Stysiana acarinatis. Abbreviations: aap, anterior angle of pronotum. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 185–193. Pedinonotus catarinensis Fernandes & Grazia, 2002. 185–187: Holotype, habitus dorsal, ventral and lateral; 188–190: Head in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 191–193: SEM images of external scent efferent system of metasternal glands. 191: evaporatorium; 192–193: detail of evaporatorium. Scale bars: 185–187: 1.0 mm; 188–190: 0.5 mm; 191: 500 μm, 192–193: 100 μm.

FIGURES 13–20. Head and pronotum in ventral view and habitus lateral. 13: Hypatropis inermis; 14: Hypatropis rolstoni; 15–16: Amauromelpia ussu; 17–18: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi; 19–20: Stysiana pardidens. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of external scent efferent system of metasternal glands. 21–26: evaporatorium; 24–26: detail of evaporatorium. 21, 24: Hypatropis sternalis; 22, 25: Amauromelpia ussu; 23, 26: Stysiana acarinatis. Abbreviations: am, anterolateral margin; ev, evaporatorium; ms, mesopleuron; mt, metapleuron; o, ostiole; om, outer margin; per, peritreme; pod, periostiolar depression. Scale bars = 21–23: 500 μm; 24–26: 100 μm.

FIGURES 27–38. Male genitalia. Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view, respectively. 27–29: Hypatropis inermis; 30–32: Amauromelpia ussu; 33–35: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi: 36-38: Stysiana pardidens. Abbreviations: dr, dorsal rim; ilvr, inferior layer of ventral rim; slvr, superior layer of ventral rim; spp, superior process of pygophore; vr, ventral rim. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 194–202. Pedinonotus catarinensis Fernandes & Grazia, 2002. 194–197: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 198–200: Phallus in dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterolateral view; 201: Genital plates in posteroventral view; 202: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: par, paramere; pslvr, process of superior layer of ventral rim. Scale bars: 194–197: 1.0 mm; 198–200: 0.25 mm; 201–202: 0.5 mm. (Left paramere and segment X not showing).

FIGURES 39–47. Generalized scheme of Phallus. 39–41: Generalized scheme of Hypatropis. 42–44: Amauromelpia ussu; 45–47: Generalized scheme of Stysiana. Abbreviations: aa, articulatory apparatus; cj, conjunctiva; dc, dorsal connectives; dpph, dorsal process of phallotheca; mlcj, median lobe of conjunctiva; pc, processus capitati; pcj, process of conjunctiva; pdpph, posterodorsal projection of phallotheca; ph, phallotheca; plppha, posterolateral projection of phallotheca; pve, process of vesicae; vbpph, ventrobasal projection of phallotheca; vlcj; ventral lobe of conjunctiva. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 48–51. Female genitalia. Genital plates in posteroventral view. 48: Hypatropis australis; 49: Amauromelpia miri; 50: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi: 51: Stysiana pardidens. Abbreviations: la8, laterotergites 8; la9, laterotergites 9; vf8, valvifers 8; vf9, valvifers 9. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 52–54. Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. 52, Hypatropis inermis; 53, Amauromelpia ussu; 54, Stysiana meridionalis. Abbreviations: aaf, anterior annular flange; cs, capsula seminalis; ddr, distal ductus receptaculi; paf, posterior annular flange; pdr, proximal ductus receptaculi; pi, pars intermedialis; la9, laterotergites 9; rs, ring sclerite; tvi, thickening of vaginal intima; va, vesicular area; va9, valvulae 9; vf9, valvifers 9; X, abdominal segment X. Scale bars = 52, 54: 0.5 mm; 53, 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 83–93. Hypatropis rolstoni Fernandes & Grazia, 1996. 83–84: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 85: Head in dorsal view and detail of antennomeres 1–2; 86: Detail of spiracles on abdominal sternite 6; 87–89: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 90–92: Phallus in dorsal, lateral and ventral view; 93: Genital plates in posteroventral view. Abbreviations: prX, process of segment X. Scale bars = 83–84: 1.0 mm; 85, 87–89, 93: 0.5 mm; 90–92: 0.25 mm.

FIGURES 115–125. Amauromelpia miri Fernandes & Grazia, 1998. 115–116: Habitus dorsal and ventral; 117–118: Head, dorsal and lateral view; 119: Spiracles; 120–122: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 123–125: Phallus in dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterolateral view. Abbreviations: prX, process of segment X. Scale bars = 115–116, 119, 120–122: 1.0 mm; 117–118: 0.5 mm; 123–125: 0.25 mm.