Pardosa nigra (C.L. Koch, 1834 )

Kronestedt, Torbjörn, Marusik, Yuri M. & Omelko, Mikhail M., 2014, Studies on species of Holarctic Pardosa groups (Araneae, Lycosidae). VIII. The Palearctic species of the Pardosa nigra group, Zootaxa 3894 (1), pp. 33-60 : 49-51

Pardosa nigra (C.L. Koch, 1834)

Figs 6 , 14 , 25 , 33 , 41 , 53–54 , 64, 72, 82, 95, 108–109 , 118, 125, 128

Lycosa nigra C.L. Koch, 1834 : Heft 122, pl. 13–14 (♀).

Pardosa nigra: Tongiorgi 1966: 289 , figs 123–125 (♂ ♀); Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971: 109, figs 48a–e (♂ ♀).

Type material. ♂ and ♀ syntypes from Austria: Salzburg, Nassfelder Alps , probably in BMNH (see Tongiorgi 1966), not examined .

Material examined. AUSTRIA. Salzburg: without specified locality (donated from Vienna Museum, NHRS: Collectio Thorell No 245/1539c ) , 1♀; Schafberg , among boulders at the top railway station, 1730 m, 15 July 1980 (T. Kronestedt, NHRS), 1♂ 1♀ . Tirol: without specified locality (L. Koch, NHRS: Collectio Thorell No 245/ 1539a ), 1♂ 1♀ ; Innsbruck, Nordkette: Wörgltal , 2000m, 1963 (K. Thaler, NHRS) 4♂ 4♀ . POLAND. Lesser Poland: Tatra Mts (probably from W. Kulczyński, NHRS: Collectio Thorell No 245/1539b ), 2♂ 3♀ . SLOVAKIA. Presov Region: Skalnate Pleso , 1750 m, 27 June 2001 (S. Snäll, NHRS), 1♂ .

Comments. The species was described in Tongiorgi (1966) and Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu (1971). It differs from all other species in the Pardosa nigra group by the conformation of the tegular apophysis (anteriorly directed branch shorter than laterally directed branch) and the epigyne (septum rudimentary). Among the Palearctic species of this group, P. nigra is the sole species in which there is often an extra pair of ventral spines on the first tibiae.

Habitat. Alpine species found at elevations between 1200 and 3500 m asl ( Thaler & Buchar 1996). It is a characteristic species in high alpine scree areas (‘Ruhschutthalden’) ( Puntscher 1980; Thaler & Buchar 1996) and is a pioneer species in Alpine glacier foreland ( Kaufmann 2001).

Distribution ( Fig. 128 ). This species is known from Europe only: France, Italy, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine (see below), Romania (Retezat National Park: Fuhn & Niculescu-Burlacu 1971; Marele Grohotis: Nitzu et al. 2010), Slovenia, Bulgaria (Rila: Deltshev 1995; Pirin: Deltshev & Blagoev 1997) and Macedonia (Shar Planina: Blagoev 1999). The record for Estonia ( Mikhailov 2013) is a lapsus. The presence in Ukraine refers to Legotay & Tarasyuk (1964) who reported this species (sub Pardosa ludovici ) from Lviv and Ivano-Frankivsk oblasts. The material was collected on stony banks along rivers in the forest belt and in mountain meadows. In the latter oblast, the highest peak in Ukraine, Hoverla (2061 m), is situated and this mountain is mentioned in Legotay & Tarasyuk (1964).

A female from Italy: Liguria, Chiavari (in SMF) was collected by C.F. Roewer and identified by P. Tongiorgi (occurrence needs confirmation). A record from Sardinia ( Garneri 1902) is plausible as it is stated that the species was collected on Monte di Gennargentu (highest peak 1834 m).

A record from Greece: Crete ( Tongiorgi 1966) has been checked ( Bosmans et al. 2013). It consists of three specimens including one adult male collected by C.F. Roewer in June 1926 in Chania and surroundings (“on thistles”), deposited in SMF. The male is correctly identified but the occurrence in lowland Crete is unlikely and most certainly due to mislabeling. Wrong locality indications in the Roewer arachnid collection are previously known, especially pertaining to material of opilionids and pseudoscorpions collected by himself in Greece and Crete in 1926 ( Helversen & Martens 1972).

The occurrence in Turkey ( Topçu et al. 2005; Bayram et al. 2013) could not be verified (K.B. Kunt pers. comm.).

A record of P. nigra from China: Xinjiang, Altai Mts ( Hu & Wu 1989: 221, figs 183.1–2 (♀ )) does not refer to this species as inferred from the illustration of the epigyne .

Figures

FIGURE 128. Distribution of Pardosa eiseni (black circles), P. giebeli (black blobs), P. lasciva (blue crosses), P. nigra (green triangles) and P. trailli (red triangles) in Europe. For open red triangle in the Faroe Islands see text under P. trailli.

FIGURES 1–8. Left male palp, retrolateral. 1, Pardosa eiseni. 2, P. fomichevi sp. n. 3, P. giebeli. 4, P. lasciva. 5, P. lyrata. 6, P. nigra. 7, P. paramushirensis. 8, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 9–16. Left male palp, prolateral. 9, Pardosa eiseni. 10, P. fomichevi sp. n. 11, P. giebeli. 12, P. lasciva. 13, P. lyrata. 14, P. nigra. 15, P. paramushirensis. 16, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 20–27. Bulbus of left male palp in ventral view. 20, Pardosa eiseni. 21, P. fomichevi sp. n. 22, P. giebeli. 23, P. lasciva. 24, P. lyrata. 25, P. nigra. 26, P. paramushirensis. 27, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 28–35. Bulbus of left male palp in oblique ventral-frontal view. 28, Pardosa eiseni. 29, P. fomichevi sp. n. 30, P. giebeli. 31, P. lasciva. 32, P. lyrata. 33, P. nigra. 34, P. paramushirensis. 35, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 36–43. Left male palp: tegulum with tegular apophysis. 36, Pardosa eiseni. 37, P. fomichevi sp. n. 38, P.giebeli. 39, P. lasciva. 40, P. lyrata. 41, P. nigra. 42, P. paramushirensis. 43, P. trailli. tg, tegulum; tg.ap, tegular apophysis. Scale line (applies to all) 300 µm.

FIGURES 44–58. Left male palp: embolus in frontal (44, 46, 48, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57) and ventral (45, 47, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58) view. 44–45, Pardosa eiseni. 46–47, P. fomichevi sp. n. 48, P. giebeli. 49–50, P. lasciva. 51–52, P. lyrata. 53–54, P. nigra. 55–56, P. paramushirensis. 57–58, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 98–113. Epigynes, cleared, in ventral (98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112) and dorsal (99, 101, 103, 105, 107, 109, 111, 113) view. 98-99, Pardosa eiseni. 100–101, P. fomichevi sp. n. 102–103, P. giebeli. 104–105, P. lasciva. 106–107, P. lyrata. 108–109, P. nigra. 110–111, P. paramushirensis. 112–113, P. trailli. Scale lines 0.2 mm.