Rhonciscus crocro (Cuvier 1830)

Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D. & Matamoros, Wilfredo A., 2023, Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families, Zootaxa 5376 (1), pp. 1-89 : 75

Rhonciscus crocro (Cuvier 1830) ( Fig. 10C ). Burro Grunt, Atlantic Freshwater Grunt; Roncador, Corocoro Crocro, Ticopa, Roncador de Río del Atlántico

Vouchers: UCR 0542-010 (1), 1060-001 (1) and 1069-001 (1); FMNH 5939 (1). Distribution: Western Atlantic Ocean; from southern Florida, USA, to Brazil; entering estuaries and littoral lagoons and ascending river courses; ( Nicaragua) Co, BF, To, Sa, SJ, RF and LN (Atlantic); 0–31 masl; Per, Dia, Amp. Occurrence and conservation status: Nat; DD (2019), population trend unknown. Literature: Meek (1907: 116, as Pomadasis grandis Meek 1907 —misidentification; brief description, including an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Villa (1982: 181, as Pomadasys crocro —synonym and P. grandis —misidentification; detailed description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution and ecology), Bussing (1998: 291, as P. crocro —synonym; brief description, including illustrations and an identification key, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology), González-Alemán (2006: 75, as P. crocro —synonym; brief description, including an illustration, and information on distribution and ecology), Gros & Miguel-Frithz (2010: 125, as P. crocro —synonym; brief description, including illustrations, and information on distribution and ecology, plus indigenous science and ethnoichthyology), van den Berghe (2015: 43, as P. crocro —synonym; listed, including an illustration and information on distribution and ecology), Robertson & Van Tassell (2019: 3734, as P. crocro — synonym; detailed description, including illustrations, and information on distribution, with a map, and ecology) and Angulo (2021: 66; listed, including information on distribution). Remarks: Pomadasis grandis [correct spelling of genus is Pomadasys ] was proposed as synonym of Rhonciscus bayanus (from the Eastern Pacific) by Parenti (2019) on the basis of the following characters: dorsal fin elements XIII, 12; anal fin elements III,7; lateral line scales 58; eye diameter 4.96 in head length; body elongated, its depth 3.47 in SL; and body colour olivaceus. Such characters, however, also are shared with the species Rhonciscus crocro (from the Caribbean). The type of P. grandis was collected in the Lake Nicaragua at Granada, Nicaragua, wich, throught the San Juan River, drains to the Caribbean Sea. Given this, P. grandis would be considered a synonym of R. crocro and not of R. bayanus .

Figures

FIGURE 10. Continental fishes of Nicaragua, part 5; (A) Eucinostomus currani (Gerreidae), Nagualpa, Pacífico de Nicaragua (PN), photo by Arturo Angulo, November 9, 2018; (B) Eugerres plumieri (Gerreidae), Pejibaye, Blue Fields-Punta Gorda (BF), photo by Eric P. van den Berghe, April 19, 2014; (C) Rhonciscus crocro (Haemulidae), río Kama, Blue Fields-Punta Gorda (BF), photo by José A. López, August 10, 2019; (D); Micropogonias furnieri (Sciaenidae), Laguna de Perlas, Kurinwas- Laguna las Perlas (KP), photo by Alejandro Estrada, February 12, 2018; (E) Chaetodipterus faber (Ephippidae), Punta Gorda, Blue Fields-Punta Gorda (BF), photo by Eric P. van den Berghe, April 23, 2014; (F) Lobotes surinamensis (Lobotidae), Punta Gorda, Blue Fields-Punta Gorda (BF), photo by Eric P. van den Berghe, November-December 2013; (G) Sphoeroides annulatus (Tetraodontidae), Rancho Santana, Pacífico de Nicaragua, photo by Eric P. van den Berghe, May 2, 2004.