Chilecicada citatatemporaria, Sanborn & Cole & Stukel & Łukasik & Veloso & Gonzalez & Karkar & Simon, 2021

Sanborn, Allen F., Cole, Jeffrey A., Stukel, Mark, Łukasik, Piotr, Veloso, Claudio, Gonzalez, Valorie A., Karkar, Jessica B. & Simon, Chris, 2021, Thirteen new species of Chilecicada Sanborn, 2014 (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae: Tibicininae) expand the highly endemic cicada fauna of Chile, Zootaxa 5078 (1), pp. 1-70 : 5-8

Chilecicada citatatemporaria n. sp. Sanborn and Cole

Fig. 1 (morphology), Plate 1 (live habitus), Plate 2 (song), Plate 4 (wing flick), Plate 5 (distribution)

Type material. Holotype. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo, / Puente La Mora, Camino E-41, / 32.44125S, 71.00812W, 244 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-05 // JAC000003271” 1♂ ( LACM) . Paratypes. “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Provincia de Petorca; Comuna de / Cabildo ; Puente La Mora , / Camino E-41 / 32.44125S, 71.00812W, 244 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA Calderon / C Veloso leg. S18-05 // 181220-12” 1♂ ( AFSC); “ CHILE. Región de Valparaíso: / Petorca Pr.; Comuna de Cabildo , / Puente La Mora , Camino E-41, / 32.44125S, 71.00812W, 244 m. / 20-XII-2018. JA Cole, FA / Calderon, C Veloso leg. S18-05 // JAC000000615” 1♂ ( LACM) .

Etymology. The name is a combination of citata - (L. citatus, quick, rapid, speedy) and - temporaria (L. temporarius, of time) in reference to the rapidly produced echemes in the song of the species.

Description. Ground color testaceous marked with piceous and castaneous, costal margin, radius & subcostal vein and basal veins of fore wing ochraceous, costal margin green in live specimens. Body covered with silvery pile giving a grayish appearance when alive.

Head. Head slightly wider than mesonotum, dorsal head piceous except ground color anterior supra-antennal plate, anterolateral corner of vertex, and posterior epicranial suture with mark extending laterally along posterior of head to level of lateral ocelli, castaneous spots on anterolateral corners of frons, short silvery pile on dorsal head, denser longer pile posterior to eye. Ocelli dark red, eyes dark castaneous. Gena piceous margined with ground color along medial margin, anteriorly along supra-antennal plate, and posteromedial margin along lorum, medially castaneous in paratype, lorum ground color with piceous mark in anteromedial corner and posteromedial corner, short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile on lorum and gena. Postclypeus ground color with piceous transverse grooves and central sulcus, 12 transverse grooves, dorsum piceous posterior to transverse grooves, castaneous mark on posterolateral corners continuous with castaneous spots on anterolateral frons, long silvery pile radiating from postclypeus, short silvery pile along lateral margin. Anteclypeus piceous with ground color carina and anterior and posterior margins, covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile. Mentum ground color proximally, castaneous distally, labium castaneous proximally, piceous distally, rostrum radiating long silvery pile, reaching to middle of middle trochanters. Scape ground color, remaining antennal segments piceous.

Thorax. Pronotum ground color, piceous fascia on either side of midline fusing medially in anterior fissure and in posterior ambient fissure, lateral and anterior ambient fissures, paramedian, lateral, and lateral portion of posterior ambient fissures piceous, all fissures piceous in paratype, irregular longitudinal mark extending onto disk between paramedian and lateral fissures but not reaching lateral fissure, small piceous spots on disk anterior and posterior to middle of lateral fissure, additional spots just posterior to central paramedian fissure. Pronotal collar ground color with piceous mark on anterolateral margin of lateral angle, mark expanded in paratype forming fascia connecting from anterior pronotal collar lateral angle to lateral ambient fissure. Pronotum with short silvery pile, denser in fissures. Mesonotum ground color, submedian sigilla piceous, piceous fused anteromedially, lateral sigilla piceous, lateral longitudinal fascia, darker and larger in paratype, diamond-shaped piceous mark on central disk posterior to submedian sigilla, expanding laterally to piceous scutal depressions and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, mark extends along anterior midline of cruciform elevation but not reaching posterior margin, piceous spot on posterior mesonotum continuous with piceous mark on anterior half of lateral cruciform elevation, wing groove ground color with piceous fasciae anteromedially and anterolaterally connected by transverse fascia anteriorly. Metanotum ground color with piceous midline and anterolaterally in wing groove. Dorsum covered with silvery pile, denser and longer between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, between anterior and posterior arms of cruciform elevation, on posterior mesonotum, and in wing groove. Ventral thoracic segments ground color except piceous spots on basisternum 2, posterior katepisternum 2, and lateral trochantin 2. Ventral segments covered with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile.

Wings. Fore wings and hind wings hyaline, holotype with eight and seven apical cells in the fore wing and four or five apical cells in the hind wings, paratype exhibits eight and six apical cells in the fore and hind wings respectively. Venation greenish proximally, becoming piceous distally, costal margin and radius & subcostal vein greenish separated by piceous fascia to node, anal vein 2 + 3 piceous. Basal cell about 3.67 times longer than broad with piceous mark proximally on cubitus posterior + anal vein 1. Pterostigma present. Basal membrane of fore wing grayish mottled with orange with darker posterior margin. Hind wing venation greenish with castaneous margining anal vein 2 and anal vein 3, piceous spots on wing base. Basal plaga, anal cell 3 along anal vein 3 to terminal curve, anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3 to terminal curve, and proximal anal cell 1 gray mottled with orange, infuscation in anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 bordering gray.

Legs. Legs ground color, coxae, trochanters and femora striped with piceous, tibiae with piceous spot proximally, striped with piceous, fascia incomplete in hind tibiae, fore tibiae piceous distally, tibial spurs and tibial combs ground color with castaneous tips, fore tarsi piceous except ground color ventral mesotarus and proximal metatarsus, middle and hind tarsi castaneous with greater proportion of ground color, pretarsal claws ground color proximally with piceous or castaneous tips. Fore femora with primary spine perpendicular to femoral axis, secondary spine upright, longest, with wide base, and very small tertiary spine, spines ground color with piceous proximal margin on primary spine and piceous tip on secondary spine. Proximal segments with short silvery pile, all segments radiating long silvery pile. Male meracanthus ground color with piceous spot on base, an elongated triangle distally curving mediad, reaching beyond operculum posterior margin and middle of tympanal cavity.

Opercula. Male opercula ground color with piceous spot on lateral base, lateral margin straight, obtusely angled posterolateral margin, posterior margin straight, semicircular medial margin, anteromedial margin curved to base, not reaching to anterior of sternite II posteriorly, well separated medially barely reaching lateral meracanthus, covered with short silvery pile, long silvery pile radiating from operculum margin.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergite 1 castaneous medially, ground color laterally, with piceous spot anteromedially, expanded into transverse piceous fascia in one paratype, and small piceous spots on either side of midline on posterior margin, tergite 2 piceous anterodorsally between timbal cavities, piceous within timbal cavity, castaneous posterior to piceous and timbal cavities with greenish testaceous posterior margin, tergites 3–8 piceous anteriorly bordered posteriorly with greenish testaceous, tergites covered with short silvery pile, longer pile radiating from lateral tergites 5–8. Timbal cover a thickened rim, timbal completely exposed with 13 long ribs and 11 intercalary ribs. Male sternite I ground color, sternite II testaceous with ground color anterior margin, small transverse piceous fasciae near anterior margin on either side of midline and in middle of tympanal cavity, auditory capsule castaneous centrally, piceous in one paratype, sternites III–VII testaceous, sternite III with piceous fascia on anterior margin expanding into spot on midline and small piceous spots on anterolateral corners, sternites IV and V with small transverse fascia on anterior midline, small transverse fasciae on anterior of sternites IV–VII in one paratype, sternite VII with ground color posterior margin. Epipleurites testaceous with central castaneous spots. Sternite VIII ground color, dorsal margin with gentle curve near base forming an obtuse angle, V-shaped when viewed from posterior. Sternites and epipleurites with short silvery pile and radiating long silvery pile, longer on sternites VII and VIII.

Genitalia. Male pygofer ground color ventrally and on posterolateral margin, piceous dorsally separated from ground color by castaneous, distal shoulder undeveloped, smoothly curved, reaching to base of anal tube, dorsal beak absent, pygofer with short silvery pile on dorsolateral posterior. Upper pygofer lobe absent, pygofer basal lobes elongated, adpressed to lateral pygofer, flattened, slightly curved dorsally, extending more than half pygofer length, distal lobe with parallel sides and semicircular terminus, apex against lateral pygofer margin. Anal styles piceous with ground color margins, radiating short silvery pile, anal tube castaneous, piceous in paratype, with ground color anterior and posterior margins. Median uncus lobe piceous at base with castaneous proximal half of lateral margin, ground color distally, elongated, undivided, angled posteriorly from base, distally curving toward sternite VIII, widening laterally from base before tapering to rounded posterior margin, small ridge on dorsal surface midline, castaneous proximally, ground color distally, ventral surface dark ground color with piceous base, ventral surfaces almost meeting along midline expanding to small hole near distal terminus for extension of aedeagus, radiating golden pile. Aedeagus castaneous with darker lateral fascia, terminus not visible in type series, basal aedeagus tubular, dark castaneous.

Measurements (mm). n= 2♂, mean (range). Length of body: ♂ 16.35 (15.75–16.95); length of fore wing: ♂ 17.30 (16.60–18.00); width of fore wing: ♂ 6.38 (6.15–6.60); length of head: ♂ 3.10 (3.00–3.20); width of head including eyes: ♂ 5.33 (5.15–5.50); width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: ♂ 6.30 (6.15–6.45); width of mesonotum: ♂ 5.13 (5.00–5.25).

Song. (n=4: 1 paratopotype, 2 topotypes (UCMS alcoholic molecular vouchers), 1 male from type locality not captured) Brief echemes of 0.04± 0.00 s duration delivered at a rapid rate of 18.13± 0.89 s- 1. The dominant frequency band is 9.84–12.59 kHz (mean dominant frequency=11.18±0.61 kHz). Echemes are grouped into echeme sequences that vary widely in length, from 1.67 to 24.51 s. The songs of C. citatatemporaria and C. occidentis are not significantly different (MANOVA, P =2.90×10 -1).

Diagnosis. This is one of the smaller of the Chilecicada species. This new species can be distinguished by having in combination a body length between 14.75–16.95 mm, fore wing length between 15.30–18.00 mm, fore wing basal cell about 3.67 times longer than broad, a piceous mark along the proximal fore wing basal cell, a piceous fascia separating the fore wing costa and radius + subcostal veins to node, a triangular meracanthus, ground color medial opercular margin, a semicircular posteromedial operculum, abdominal epipleurites with a central spot, and an uncus that is piceous proximally and ground color distally curving distally to terminus.

Rapid sequences of echemes separate the song of this species from all other Chilecicada except C. occidentis . The echeme rate is also rapid in C. viridicitata songs but is half (~10 s-1) the C. citatatemporaria rate (~20 s-1).

Distribution. The species is known from the type series collected in the Petorca Province of Región de Valparaíso of central Chile.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Chilecicada citatatemporaria n, sp.: A, Holotype male and paratype female habitus; B, holotype male dorsum; C, holotype male timbal; D, paratype male operculum; E, paratype male lateral view of genitalia; F, paratype male posterior view of genitalia. Scale bar: A, 2 cm; B, 2 mm; C–F, 1 mm.

PLATE 1. Living habitus of Chilecicada species. A. C. citatatemporaria PARATOPOTYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; B. C. culenesensis PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL714, Región Metropolitana; C. C. impartemporaria PARATYPE, Región de Valparaíso, Provincia de Petorca; D. C. magna HOLOTYPE specimen JM037, Región del Maule; E. C. mapuchensis HOLOTYPE specimen PL518, Región Metropolitana; F. C. occidentis Región Metropolitana, Provincia de Santiago; G. C. oraria PARATOPOTYPE, Región del Maule, Provincia de Cauquenes; H. C. parrajaraorum HOLOTYPE specimen PL722, Región O’Higgins; I. C. partemporaria; J. C. pehuenchesensis PARATYPE specimen PL516, Región Metropolitana; K. C. trifascia HOLOTYPE specimen PL430, Región O’Higgins; L. C. trifasciunca PARATOPOTYPE specimen PL515, Región Metropolitana; M. C. viridicitata PARATOPOTYPE, Región O’Higgins, Provincia de Cochagüa.

PLATE 2. Waveforms of Chilecicada songs. Left column 5 s oscillogram windows show echemes and echeme sequences, right column 0.5 s windows show pulses and syllables within echemes.

PLATE 4. Male Chilecicada wing flick behavior. Wing flicks are depicted on spectrograms with Hanning window size 512 except 4B C. impartemporaria, which best resolved on an oscillogram. Each wing flick is annotated with a dot above its position on the window, while echemes are annotated with dashes.

PLATE 5. Distribution of Chilecicada from records reported in this work.