Gymnetis bonplandi Schaum, 1844

Iorio, Osvaldo Di, 2013, A review of the Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Argentina and adjacent countries: systematics and geographic distributions, Zootaxa 3668 (1), pp. 1-87 : 14-16

Gymnetis bonplandi Schaum, 1844

Figs. 2 (distribution), 13–14 (aspects), 19–20 (aspects), 25–28 (parameres)

Gymnetis holosericea (not Voet, 1779): Gory & Percheron 1833: 344–345 (description; distribution), plate 69, Fig. 1 , apud Schaum 1844: 406.

Gymnetis bonplandi Schaum, 1844: 406 (description; distribution); Schenkling 1921: 91 (catalog; distribution; references); Antoine 2001: 125 (photo 10), 131 (references), 132 ( Fig. 23–24 ), 133 (description).

Gymnetis flava , not Weber, 1801, in part: Bruch 1911a: 214 (distribution); Schenkling 1921: 93 (catalog; distribution); Blackwelder 1944: 262 (catalog; distribution): misidentification.

Paragymnetis flavomarginata subsp. bonplandi Schaum : Schürhoff 1937: 67 (list; distribution), 79 (key); Blackwelder 1944: 263 (catalog).

Gymnetis flavomarginata ssp. bonplandi Schaum, 1844 : Krajčík 1998: 77 (catalog; distribution).

Distribution: PARAGUAY: 1 male, Col. Dupont ( Schaum 1844); ( Schenkling 1921, Blackwelder 1944, Krajčík 1998). ARGENTINA ( Blackwelder 1944): Misiones: Alto Paraná, in CBBA ( Bruch 1911a).

Material examined: PARAGUAY: Concepción: Cororó, Río Ipané, 26-I-1965, Williner leg., 1 male [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 ag, 27), “ Gymnetosoma / holosericea / (Voet) / A. Martínez det. 1965” ; Canindeyú: Carapa, 24º 22’ S, 54º 23’ W, 1-10-XII-2007, U. Drechsel leg., 8 exx. [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 c, 19 d, 19 j, 19 q, 19 v, 19 y, 19 z, 19 aa) ; Tava Yopoi, 24º 22’ S, 55º 53’ W, 26-X/ 4-XI-2007, U. Drechsel leg., 4 exx. [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 m, 19 p, 19 w, 19 x ) ; Arakangy, 24º 37’ S, 55º 34’ W, 21–30-XI-2007, U. Drechsel leg., 4 exx. [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 ad, 19 ae, 19 ai, 28) ; Central: 1939–1940, P. Willim leg., 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 s ) ; Capiatá , 10-XI-2006, C. Aguilar leg., 1 ex. [ LABA] ; Asunción , 21-XI-2006, U. Drechsel leg., 3 males [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 s, 19 t, 19 ab) , 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 l ) ; Caazapá: Estancia La Lejana , 26º 20’ S, 55º 59’ W, 20-XI/ 30-XI-2008, U. Drechsel leg., 3 exx. [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 u, 19 ac) ; Itapúa: Hohenau , Santa María, H. Jacob leg., 28-XII-1949, 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 f ) , 6-I-1950, 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 n ) ; ARGENTINA: Salta: Pocitos , II-1951, Bosq Collection , 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 h ) ; Dto. Orán, San Ramón de la Nueva Orán , Cedral Viejo , 22-XII-2002, J. Carreras leg., 1 female [ JCDT] ; Formosa: [without locality], Richter Collection , 1 ex. [ MLPA] ; Misiones: [without locality], Richter Collection , 1 male, 2 females [ MLPA], one labeled “ Gymnetis / flava / Weber”, “ Gymnetis / holosericea / flava Weber / det. B.C. Ratcliffe 2004 ” ; Campo Viera , III-1954, 2 females [ MLPA] ; Dos de Mayo , 22-XI-2007, L. Aguado leg., 1 male [ ODIC] ( Figs. 19 af, 26) ; Puerto Rico , I-2009, M. Villarquide leg., 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 a ) ; Puerto Iguazú, F. Ojeda leg., 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 i ) ; Dto. San Pedro, Pozo Azul , II-2004, 1 male, 1 female [ EAPW] , without date, 1 male [ EAPW] , 22-XI-2007, L. Aguado leg., 1 female [ LABA] ; Chaco: “Gob. Chaco / 12. 1895 / C. Bruch ”, 1 male [ CBBA], “ Gymnetis / flava / Web.” [handwritten by Bruch], “ Gymnetis / flava / Web.” [handwritten by Moser] ( Fig. 25 ) ; Corrientes: Santo Tomé , XII-1924, 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 b ) , I-1928, 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 g ) ; Ituzaingó, no date, 1 female [ ODIC] ( Fig. 19 e ) ; Without locality: 1 female [ ODIC].

Male genitalia: parameres ( Figs. 25–28 ).

Note 1: The records of G. flava for Argentina by Schenkling (1921) and Blackwelder (1944) were based on Bruch (1911a), although Bruch (1911a) was not included among the references by Schenkling (1921). The lectotype of G. flava from Brazil ( Fig. 22 ) shows that the specimen from the collection Bruch identified with this name does not belong to this species, but corresponds to G. bonplandi .

Note 2: G. bonplandi has a great variation in the elytral coloration ( Fig. 19 ). The specimens with larger lateral spots of yellow color on elytra were all females ( Fig. 19a–l ), and those with smaller spots were females ( Fig. 19m – r ) or males ( Fig. 19s–z , aa–ah). One of the latter specimens was identified by A. Martínez as G. holosericea ( Fig. 19 ag, 27). Up to now, no males with larger yellow spots were seen. Therefore, two different elytral colorations can be assigned to one sex or the other. Sharp (1877) also mentions that in Gymnetis ramulosa Bates, 1869 (= Gymnetis chevrolati Gory & Percheron, 1833 ), “the transverse pale mark of the elytra is alike in no two individuals, and shows also a sexual disparity” ( Fig. 144 ).

Note 3: Some males of G. bonplandi ( Figs. 19s, 19x ) resemble some specimens of G. pudibunda that have reduced yellow color on the elytra ( Figs. 16–18 ). Although the male parameres of G. bonplandi have individual variations ( Figs. 25–28 ), the male parameres of G. pudibunda are distinctive ( Fig. 29 ). The same variations in the shape and size of the mesosternal process observed in G. pudibunda by Antoine (2001) are also observed in G. bonplandi .

Note 4: According to Antoine (2001), G. bonplandi may be distinguished from G. holosericea (Voet, 1779) by the parameres and the shape of the mesosternal process. Nevertheless, specimens of G. holosericea from Colombia ( Neita Moreno et al. 2010), Peru ( Soukup 1942) and Brazil ( García 1987) need further study. The status of Gymnetis sexmaculata Blanchard, 1850 from Bolivia (Santa Cruz), located in the synonymy of G. holosericea by Schürhoff (1937), needs also to be revised. It may correspond to G. bonplandi males ( Figs. 19 af–ah). Also, the general aspect of Gymnetis poecila Schaum, 1848 ( Figs. 23–24 ) resembles a female of G. bonplandi ( Figs. 19a , 20 ).

Note 5: G. bonplandi is also found in Paraguay in the following localities: PARAGUAY: San Pedro: 23° 45' 46.26" S, 56° 40' 32.93" W (S23.68547, W56.66285); 24° 24' 12.39"S, 57° 7' 39.91" W (S24.36267, W57.10650); Canindeyú: 24° 21' 40.67"S, 55° 53' 4.23" W (S24.33270, W55.87569); 24° 23' 26.44" S, 54° 24' 1.43" W (S24.37338, W54.37855); 24° 35' 1.36" S, 54° 31' 57.16" W (S24.57487, W54.53756); Caaguazú: 24° 38' 25.92" S, 55° 33' 34.77" W (S24.62532, W55.56317); Alto Paraná: 24° 46' 37.63" S, 54° 27' 49.94" W (S24.75948, W54.45608); 25° 4' 48.85"S, 54° 41' 48.46" (WS25.06365, W54.69700); 25° 33' 37.11"S, 55° 13' 36.88" W (S25.54818, W55.22397); Central: 25° 18' 18.93"S, 57° 37' 43.25" W (S25.29500, W57.61816); Paraguarí: 25° 43' 9.82"S, 56° 58' 56.40" W (S25.71190, W56.98018); Caazapá: 26° 13' 4.33"S, 55° 36' 23.44" W (S26.21069, W55.60336); 26° 27' 54.44"S, 55° 55' 29.97" W (S26.46001, W55.92269) ( Paraguay Biodiversidad 2012).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Geographic distributions of Gymnetini from Argentina and adjacent countries: Blaesia atra (circles); Gymnetis bruchi (squares); Gymnetis cordobana (stars).

FIGURE 2. Geographic distributions of Gymnetini from Argentina and adjacent countries: Gymnetis bonplandi (triangles); Gymnetis hepatica (circles); Hologymnetis sp. (square).

FIGURE 19. Variations in the elytral coloration of Gymnetis bonplandi (a–r, females; s–z and aa–ai, males).

FIGURES 20–24. General aspects of Gymnetini: 20, Gymnetis bonplandi, female (same as Fig. 19a); 21, Gymnetis sp. from Brazil, probably G. bonplandi; 22, Gymnetis flava, lectotype (extracted from Ratcliffe 2004); 23–24, Gymnetis poecila (23, original illustration, extracted from Schaum 1848; 24, lectotype, extracted from Ratcliffe 2004).

FIGURES 25–29. Male parameres: 25–28, Gymnetis bonplandi (25, Bruch Collection; 26, Misiones, Dos de Mayo; 27, Cororó, Rio Ipané; 28, Arakangy); 29, Gymnetis pudibunda (detail of right paramere).

FIGURES 143–146. General aspects of Gymnetini distributed outside Argentina (Appendix II): 143, Gymnetis sp.; 144, Gymnetis chevrolati (= G. ramulosum); 145–146, Gymnetis punctipennis.

FIGURES 13–18. General aspects of Gymnetini: 13–14, Gymnetis bonplandi (13, female Misiones: Puerto Iguazú; 14, male Misiones: Dos de Mayo); 15–18, Gymnetis pudibunda (15, common phenotype from Argentina except Buenos Aires; 16–18, with reduction of yellow color on the elytra, province of Buenos Aires).