Carcinoplax, H. MILNE EDWARDS, 1852
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5252/zoosystema2020v42a17 |
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publication LSID |
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:52C73176-6867-4415-A6FA-BAD328E9781D |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525521 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038B3E2C-FFB2-FFAB-A79E-6B8DFAC2B17D |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Carcinoplax |
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KEY TO SPECIES OF CARCINOPLAX H. MILNE EDWARDS, 1852 View in CoL
1. One well-developed, anteriorly curved anterolateral tooth posterior to outer orbital tooth on each side of carapace ( Guinot 1989: pl. 13, fig. F, as C. eurysternum Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1981 View in CoL ) ................................. ..................................................................................................................... C. ischurodous (Stebbing, 1923) View in CoL .
— Two anterolateral teeth posterior to outer orbital angle (1 or 2 anterolateral teeth may be greatly reduced or even obsolete in some large individuals) .............................................................................................................. 2
2. Adults attain large size (cl more than 30-40 mm), with reduced outer orbital and anterolateral teeth (obsolete in largest individuals), rounded anterolateral borders (carapace becoming almost spherical), and much enlarged chelipeds (P1) with conspicuously elongated meri, propodi ......................................................................... 3
— Adults do not attain large size (cl less than 30-40 mm), do not show progressive reduction in outer orbital (if present) and anterolateral teeth with corresponding rounded anterolateral borders and chelipeds (P1) with conspicuously elongated meri, propodi ............................................................................................................. 8
3. Low, conspicuous granules on carapace; small individuals with triangular, acute, curved, acute first and second anterolateral teeth ( Guinot 1989: pl. 1, fig. D); uniformly red to dark red-brown carapace in life, bright redbrown markings on chelipeds (P1) ............................................................... C. longimana (De Haan, 1833) View in CoL .
— No conspicuous granules on carapace; small individuals with narrow, acute anterolateral teeth, or small, blunt first anterolateral teeth; in life, carapace not uniformly red or dark-red brown ............................................. 4
4. Small- to medium-size individuals with 2 narrow, acute, spine-like anterolateral teeth below acute, conspicuous outer orbital tooth on each side of carapace ( Guinot 1989: pl. 1, figs G, H; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 6A); carapace nearly quadrate, with red, round spot on dorsal surface in most individuals when fresh ( Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 8B) ............................................................................................... C. indica Doflein, 1904 View in CoL .
— Small- to medium-size individuals with blunt first anterolateral tooth, second tooth curved, acute; carapace globose; never with red spot on carapace in life ........................................................................................... 5
5. Outer orbital angle with low tooth or absent; second anterolateral tooth short, low (more conspicuous in small individuals), not hook-like .......................................................................................................................... 6
— Outer orbital angle with distinct tooth; second anterolateral tooth usually distinct, elongated, hook-like .... 7
6. P2-P5 relatively short; anterolateral teeth may be low in larger individuals but always visible ( Ng & Mitra 2019: fig. 6C, D); purple-red vertical band across carapace from front to posterior border in life ( Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 8C); western Pacific ............................................................................ C. purpurea Rathbun, 1914 View in CoL .
— P2-P5 relatively longer; anterolateral tooth short, absent in large individuals ( Guinot 1989: fig. 9A-C; pl. 3, figs A, C, E); carapace uniformly colored in life; Red Sea and Persian Gulf ............. C. monodi Guinot, 1989 View in CoL .
7. G1 with rounded, truncated tip ( Ng & Mitra 2019: fig. 8K, L, N); western Pacific ..... C. sinica Chen, 1984 View in CoL . — G1 with pointed tip ( Ng & Mitra 2019: fig. 8E, F); Indian Ocean ................... C. mistio Ng & Mitra, 2019 View in CoL .
8. Carapace, chelipeds (P1), and P2-P5 covered with conspicuous short setae ................................................. 9
— Carapace, chelipeds (P1), and/or P2-P5 may have sparse setae, short tomentum, or mostly or completely devoid of conspicuous setae, or tomentum ........................................................................................................... 10
9. Conspicuous, acute tubercles on proximal portion of P1 propodi (may be absent in large individuals) ( Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 5E); distal quarter of fingers darkly pigmented; acute tooth on distal portion of P2-P5 meri ( Chen 1998: fig. 4-2; Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 5C); no conspicuous color pattern in life …....................... ...................................................................................................................... C. spinosissima Rathbun, 1914 View in CoL .
— Conspicuous, low, blunt tubercles on proximal portion of cheliped (P1) propodi ( Guinot 1989: pl. 6, fig. H); distal half of fingers darkly pigmented; distal portion of P2-P5 meri smooth; in life with orange reticulated lines on P1 and carapace (obvious when denuded) ............................................................. C. nana Guinot, 1989 View in CoL .
10. Carapace, chelipeds (P1), and P2-P5 covered with short tomentum (large individuals only on ambulatory legs) ( Hsueh & Huang 2002: fig. 7A) ............................................................................ C. tomentosa Sakai, 1969 View in CoL .
— Carapace, chelipeds (P1), and P2-P5 not covered with conspicuous short tomentum ................................ 11
11. Outer orbital angle without tooth or eminence; with 2 thin, spine-like anterolateral teeth ( Castro 2007: figs 4A, 5) ..................................................................................................................... C. tenuidentata Castro, 2007 View in CoL .
— Outer orbital angle ends in lobe or tooth; anterolateral teeth not thin, spine-like ...................................... 12
12. Front with slight median notch ( Guinot 1989: fig. 17) .................................... C. confragosa Rathbun, 1914 View in CoL . — Front straight, without distinct median notch. ........................................................................................... 13 13. Conspicuous, well-developed anterolateral teeth, with acute, anteriorly-oriented or hook-like tips ............ 18 — Relatively small, blunt, non-spinous anterolateral teeth ( Castro 2007: figs 7, 10) ...................................... 24
14. P2-P5 long, relatively slender, distal end of folded P5 merus extending beyond tip of second anterolateral tooth ......................................................................................................................................................... 15
— P2-P5 short, distal end of folded P5 merus only reaching or barely reaching tip of second anterolateral tooth .................................................................................................................................................................. 16
15. Two conspicuous, wide transverse ridges on dorsal surface of carapace ( Castro 2007: fig. 3); western Pacific .. ................................................................................................................................. C. cracens Castro, 2007 View in CoL .
— Dorsal surface of carapace evenly convex, without transverse ridges; eastern Indian Ocean ............................. .................................................................................................................. C. longipes (Wood-Mason, 1891) View in CoL .
16. Two conspicuous, wide transverse ridges on dorsal surface of carapace ............. C. inaequalis (Yokoya, 1933) View in CoL . — Dorsal surface of carapace evenly convex, without conspicuous ridges. ...................................................... 17
17. All anterolateral teeth anteriorly curved; narrow, J-shaped gap between outer orbital tooth and first anterolateral tooth ( Castro 2009: fig. 1A View FIG ); southwestern and central Pacific .............................. C. uncinata Castro, 2009 View in CoL .
— Anterolateral teeth sharp but not curved (only first one in rare cases); outer orbital angle often prominent, rounded. ................................................................................................................................................... 18
18. Posterior margin of epistome with median part pronounced, triangular, lateral margins conspicuously concave ( Fig. 21D View FIG ) ................................................................................................................................................. 19
— Posterior margin of epistome with truncated or nearly straight median part; lateral margins nearly straight or slightly sinuous ( Fig. 3D View FIG ) .......................................................................................................................... 20
19. Two transverse elevations across cardiac, gastric regions of carapace ( Figs 21C, D View FIG ; 22C, D View FIG ); western Pacific ... ............................................................................................................................................... C. jugum View in CoL n. sp.
— Dorsal surface of carapace evenly smooth, without transverse elevations; western Indian Ocean ..................... ...................................................................................................................... C. fasciata Ng & Kumar, 2009 View in CoL .
20. Outer, proximal margin of cheliped carpus with sharp tooth; western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean ......... .................................................................................................................................. C. polita Guinot, 1989 View in CoL .
— Outer, proximal margin of cheliped carpus smooth, without tooth ........................................................... 21
21. P2-P5 proportionally short, stout, with distal end of folded P5 merus not reaching tip of second anterolateral tooth (e.g. Figs 10A View FIG ; 11A View FIG ; 19A View FIG ; 20A View FIG ) ........................................................................................................ 22
— P2-P5 proportionally long, slender, with distal end of folded P5 merus reaching tip of second anterolateral tooth (e.g. Figs 2A View FIG ; 3A View FIG ; 13A View FIG ; 14A View FIG ) ..................................................................................................................... 23
22. Posterior margin of epistome with median part not protruding ( Figs 19D View FIG ; 20D View FIG ); G1 elongated, distal half distinctly slender ( Fig. 25F View FIG ); southwestern Pacific .................................................................... C. adelphia View in CoL n. sp.
— Posterior margin of epistome with median part pronounced, protruding ( Figs 10D View FIG ; 11D View FIG ; 12D View FIG ); G1 relatively short, stout ( Fig. 25A, B View FIG ); northwestern Pacific ................................................. C. specularis Rathbun, 1914 View in CoL .
23. Fingers dark brown or black almost along their entire lengths ( Figs 2H View FIG ; 3I View FIG ; 4H View FIG ; 5H View FIG ); inner distal angle of carpus of cheliped dentiform ( Figs 2E, F View FIG ; 3F View FIG , 4F View FIG , 5E View FIG ); Indian Ocean and southwestern Pacific .................................. ............................................................................................................................ C. abyssicola ( Miers, 1885) View in CoL .
— Fingers dark brown or black along the distal two-thirds to half portions ( Figs 13I, J View FIG ; 14H View FIG ); inner distal angle of carpus of cheliped usually spiniform with tip narrow ( Figs 13F View FIG ; 14F View FIG ; 15E View FIG ); western Pacific ............................ ........................................................................................................................... C. verdensis Rathbun, 1914 View in CoL .
24. Outer, dorsal surface of cheliped (P1) propodi and carpi with conspicuous granular tubercles ( Castro 2007: fig. 8); P2-P5 relatively short ( Fig. 7 View FIG ), distal end of folded P5 merus only reaching tip of second anterolateral tooth; western Pacific ............................................................................................. C. tuberosa Castro, 2007 View in CoL .
— Outer, dorsal surface of chelipeds (P1) smooth; P2-P5 proportionally long ( Castro 2007: fig. 10), distal end of folded P5 merus extending beyond tip of second anterolateral tooth; central and southwestern Pacific ........... ................................................................................................................................ C. velutina Castro, 2007 View in CoL .
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.