Anchylorhynchus camposi Bondar, 1941

De, Bruno A. S. & Vanin, Sergio A., 2020, Systematic revision and morphological phylogenetic analysis of Anchylorhynchus Schoenherr, 1836 (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Derelomini), Zootaxa 4839 (1), pp. 1-98 : 30-32

Anchylorhynchus camposi Bondar, 1941

( Figures 8H , 9A , 11C , 16A , 18B , 21H )

Ancylorrhynchus camposi Bondar, 1941b:466 , Fig. 28 (description); Bondar, 1943a:362 (revision). Lectotype (designated by Vaurie, 1954): Female; Jiqui, Bahia, Brazil; V-1941; Bondar col.; In Cocos campestris . Deposited in AMNH, examined.

Anchylorhynchus camposi ; Blackwelder, 1947:827 (cat.); Vaurie, 1954:25, Figs. 2D e 3C (revision, lectotype designation); Wibmer & O’Brien, 1986:195 (cat.); Silberbauer-Gottsberger et al., 2013:311, Table 2 (biology).

Redescription. Male: Body size (length of elytra + pronotum) 4.2–6.3 mm.

Head: Rostrum 1.1–1.2 times as long as pronotum; 1.3–1.5 times wider at apex than at base; integument reddish to dark brown; with seven longitudinal carinae (including a pair along scrobes), distinct throughout their length; scrobes parallel to rostrum; apex covered by microsetae; areas between dorsal carinae covered by wide yellowish scales, distinctively narrower towards the apex of rostrum and directed toward the central carina. Eyes 1.5–1.6 times as high as wide; 0.9–1.1 times more separated above than below. Head integument reddish to dark brown, similar to rostrum; entirely covered by yellow scales directed to the inter-ocular fovea. Antennae with scape straight, barely reaching anterior eye margin; funicle: antennomere I only slightly wider than II, II about as long as I and about 1.5 times as long as III, VI as wide as long and narrower than the club; club about as long as antennomeres IV–VI of funicle. Left mandible straight at outer margin; with one dorsal seta; outer not forming a sharp angle, with somewhat blunt apex; inner tooth well-developed; molar region slightly concave. Left maxilla with stipes moderately elongate, with a long ventral seta; galeo-lacinial complex almost reaching the apex of palpomere I; palpiger with ventral region approximately as long as wide, dorsal region with abtuse angle at base; palpomere I with three apical setae longer than the length of palpomere I; palpomere II approximately as long as palpomere I. Labium prementum distinctively narrower than postmentum, about 1.5 times as wide as long, lateral margins divergent in median region, with a right angle in lateral-apical region, with two oblique rows of setae in dorsal region; ligula about as long as half the length of prementum; palps separated by about half the width of palpomere I; palpomere I approximately as long as wide; palpomere II approximately as long as palpomere III; palpomere III with two lateral setae.

Thorax: Pronotum width at base 1.5–1.5 times pronotum length; base slightly lobed at middle; lateral margins in dorsal view parallel or subparallel at base and regularly curved to apex, with a subtle apical constriction; integument brown, similar to head; entirely covered by uniformly yellowish scales; scales on basal half of disk directed to the base. Profemur approximately 3.5 times as long as wide; dorsal margin with curvature about as pronounced as ventral margin; tooth well-defined; about 2.5 times as wide as protibia. Protarsus with tarsomere I about as long as tarsomere III; tarsomeres I and II as long as wide; with short and dense setae on the ventral surface and sparse and long setae on the sides. Scutellum 0.8–1.0 times longer than wide; integument brown, the same color as elytra; scales yellowish. Elytra 1.1–1.3 times wider than pronotum; 1.5–1.6 times longer than wide; 2.7–3.1 times longer than pronotum; humeri with a well-defined angle; lateral margins subparallel, only slightly wider at the middle; dorsal region with yellowish scales; epipleura without a marked inflexion on interval IX, covered by scales similar to disk. Ventral region of thorax integument brown, similar to dorsal region; scales yellowish, slightly lighter or similar to dorsal region. Hypomeron covered by sparse scales with truncated apex similar in shape to those in pronotum; scales next to coxal cavities with size similar to others. Prosternum length 1.2–1.4 times the width of coxae; postocular lobes indistinct, with apical-lateral margin of prothorax regularly curved to slightly sinuate; densely covered by mostly non-overlapping scales with acuminate or truncated apex, narrower than those in pronotum. Metepisternum covered by non-overlapping scales, or overlapping only next to the anterior margin. Metasternum without a central concavity; with very short setae in the center.

Abdomen: Ventrites III–V covered by narrow scales. Aedeagus 2–2.5 times as long as wide; about 6 times as long as high; slightly wider at opening; with a truncated anterior process; ventral plate thin and barely sclerotized, extending to approximately half the length of apodemes. Apodemes about 3 times as long as aedeagus. Endophallus with a pair of L-shaped sclerites anterior to the basal sclerite; microtrichae of the apical region not organized in bands.

Female: Body size 3.4–4.8 mm. Rostrum 1.1–1.3 times longer than pronotum; width at apex 1.3–1.6 times width at base. Eyes 1.4–1.6 times as high as wide; 1.0–1.2 times more separated above than below. Pronotum 1.5–1.6 times as wide at base as long. Prosternum length 1.0–1.2 times the coxal width. Protarsus without long setae; Scutellum 0.7–1.1 times as long as wide. Elytra 1.3–1.4 times as wide as pronotum; 1.5–1.6 times as long as wide; 3.0–3.6 times as long as pronotum. Ventrites III and IV with posterior retraction not sinuate and restricted to the posterior end of the segment.

Remarks. Anchylorhynchus camposi has sparsely distributed scales, with uniform grayish to pale yellow color ( Figures 11C ), uniform reddish-brown integument and elongate prosternum (at least as long as the coxal width, Figure 15B ). Finally, scales in the pronotum are directed to the base ( Figure 8H ) and the body is elongate and not widened towards the middle ( Figures 11C ). These traits are shared with the very similar species Anchylorhynchus rectus sp. nov., but in A. camposi the rostrum is shorter, not more than 1.3 times as long as the pronotum, while it is typically 1.5 times as long in A. rectus .

The type series and specimens collected from Syagrus loefgrenii Glassman , Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) and Syagrus macrocarpa Barb. Rodr. are generally larger than specimens from Syagrus pleioclada Burret and Syagrus deflexa Noblick & Lorenzi , but there are no other diagnostic features or differences in the male genitalia. Here we are considering all specimens to belong to the same species, regardless of their size.

Geographical Distribution. This species is found in savannas (cerrado) and high elevation vegetation (“campos rupestres”) in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Bahia and Goiás, Brazil ( Figure 24 ).

Host Plants. Syagrus deflexa Noblick & Lorenzi (voucher SPF B.A.S Medeiros 323), Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc. (vouchers SPF B.A.S Medeiros 91 and 125), Syagrus glaucescens Glz. ex Becc. (vouchers SPF B.A.S Medeiros 96), Syagrus loefgrenii Glassman , Syagrus macrocarpa Barb. Rodr. (voucher SPF B.A.S Medeiros 115) and Syagrus pleioclada Burret (vouchers SPF B.A.S Medeiros 25 and 131).

Possibly: Syagrus campestris (Mart.) H. Wendl.

Bondar (1941a) collected the type series from flowers of Cocos campestris Mart. , a synonym of Syagrus flexuosa (Mart.) Becc according to several authors. Recently, Lorenzi et al. (2010) considered Syagrus campestris (Mart.) H. Wendl. as a valid species distinct from S. flexuosa . The type locality of A. camposi , however, is incompatible with the known distribution of S. campestris ( Noblick 2017) , so it is likely that Bondar collected from the more widespread S. flexuosa . Ilse Silberbauer-Gottsberger sampled this species in the states of Minas Gerais and São Paulo, associated with a small and a large morphotype of a palm identified as Syagrus loefgrenii Glassman (I. Silberbauer-Gottsberger, personal communication) or as Syagrus petraea (Mart.) Becc. ( Silberbauer-Gottsberger et al. 2013) . The latter is currently considered a species endemic to a small area in Bolivia ( Noblick 2017). We collected A. camposi from flowers of several species of Syagrus palms occurring in savannas (cerrado) in Brazil.

Examined Specimens. Type Material. BRAZIL. Bahia: Jiqui [Iramaia, Novo Acre], G. Bondar, V/1941 (♀ lectotype Anchylorhynchus camposi AMNH, 2♀, 1♀ paralectotypes Anchylorhynchus camposi AMNH, 1♂ paralectotype Anchylorhynchus camposi FMNH, 1♀ paralectotype Anchylorhynchus camposi MNRJ, 1♂ paralectotype Anchylorhynchus camposi MZSP) .

Other Material. BRAZIL. Distrito Federal: Brasília, B. A. S. Medeiros & E. P. Antunes, 28/XI/2014 (2 sex undetermined MZSP) . Goiás: Alto Paraíso de Goiás , B. A. S. Medeiros & G. P. Murayama, 26/XI/2014 (1 sex undetermined MZSP) . Minas Gerais: Corinto, B. A. S. Medeiros & L. H. M. Fonseca, 20/XI/2013 (2 sex undetermined MZSP) ; Coromandel, B. A. S. Medeiros & G. P. Murayama, 22/XI/2014 (3 sex undetermined MZSP) ; Couto de Magalhães de Minas , B. A. S. Medeiros & F. M. Gudin, 07/XII/2013 (1 sex undetermined MZSP) ; B. A. S. Medeiros & L. H. M. Fonseca, 21/XI/2013 (2 sex undetermined MZSP) ; Indianópolis , Fazenda Tabatinga, I. Gottsberger, 14/II/1990 (1♀ MZSP) ; Ilse Gottsberger , 18/IX/1990 (3♀, 1♂ IGGT) ; 19/IX/1990 (1♂ IGGT) ; 21/IX/1990 (1♀, 1♂ IGGT) ; 23/IX/1990 (2♀, 1♂ IGGT) ; 26/IX/1990 (2♀ IGGT) ; Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó , S. A. Vanin, 06–10/X/1975 (17♀, 11♂ MZSP) ; Santana do Riacho , B. A. S. Medeiros & F. M. Gudin, 08/XII/2013 (5 sex undetermined MZSP) ; Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó , B. A. S. Medeiros, 17/IV/2009 (2♀, 7♂ MZSP) ; Turmalina, B. A. S. Medeiros & F. M. Gudin, 04/XII/2013 (3 sex undetermined MZSP) . São Paulo: Botucatu , Ilse Gottsberger, date not recorded (1♂ IGGT) . No region: No locality, no collector, no date (1♀ MZSP) .

Figures

FIGURE 2. Heads of species of Anchylorhynchus. Scale: 500 µm. A A. centrosquamatus, male, showing five well-defined dorsal carinae in the rostrum and scales on the head directed to the interocular fovea. B A. centrosquamatus, male, showing the pairs of lateral carinae along the scrobe, totaling 7 carinae in the rostrum. C A. pinocchio, female, showing five dorsal carinae poorly defined towards the base. D A. pinocchio, female, showing the lateral carinae poorly defined towards the base. E A. aegrotus, showing scales in the head smaller and directed to the base of the head. F A. burmeisteri, showing scales in the head directed to the rostrum. G A. tricarinatus, male, showing three well-defined dorsal carinae. H A. tricarinatus, male, showing no lateral carinae. I A. bicarinatus, male, with three well-defined dorsal carinae. H A. bicarinatus, male, with only two dorsal carinae and no central carina.

FIGURE 3. Antennae of males of species of Anchylorhynchus. Scales: 500 µm. A A. bicolor. B A. chrysomeloides. C A. variabilis D A. minimus. E A. pinocchio. F A. trapezicollis. G A. latipes. H A. rectus. I A. albidus.

FIGURE 8. Prothorax of all Anchylorhynchus species. Except for A. parcus, only known from the male holotype, the thorax of a male (left) and a female (right) are shown for each species. Arrows show the direction of scales in each position. Scale: 500 µm. A A. aegrotus. B A. albidus. C A. amazonicus. D A. bicarinatus. E A. bicolor. F A. bucki. G A. burmeisteri. H A. camposi. I A. centrosquamatus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). J A. chrysomeloides. K A. goiano. L A. imitator. M A. latipes. N A. luteobrunneus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). O A. minimus. P A. multisquamis. Q A. parcus. R A. pinocchio (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). S A. rectus. T A. trapezicollis U A. tremolerasi V A. tricarinatus W A. vanini X A. variabilis Y A. vittipennis.

FIGURE 9. Prothorax of species of Anchylorhynchus, lateral view. Scales: 500 µm. A A. camposi. B A. rectus, showing larger scales next to coxal cavities. C A. bicarinatus, showing scales in the hypomeron larger than in the pronotum. D A. tricarinatus, showing scales in the hypomeron larger than in the pronotum. E A. goiano, showing larger scales next to coxal cavities. F A. multisquamis, showing dense vestiture in the hypomeron. G A. tremolerasi, female. H A. tremolerasi, male, showing sexual dimorphism with larger scales next to coxal cavities.

FIGURE 11. Habitus of species of Anchylorhynchus (continued). Some images are mirrored in relation to originals. Scales: 1 mm. A–B A. burmeisteri. C A. camposi. D A. centrosquamatus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). E A. chrysomeloides. F A. goiano. G A. imitator. H A. latipes I–K A. luteobrunneus (from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda 2013). L A. minimus.

FIGURE 15. Prosterna of species of Anchylorhynchus, ventral view. Scales: 500 µm. A A. bicarinatus. B A. camposi. C A. chrysomeloides. D A. variabilis.

FIGURE 16. Meso- and metathorax of species of Anchylorhynchus, lateral view. Scales: 500 µm. A A. camposi. B A. burmeisteri. C A. multisquamis. D A. variabilis.

FIGURE 18. Prolegs of species of Anchylorhynchus. Scales: 500 µm. A A. burmeisteri, male. B A. camposi, male. C A. multisquamis, male. D A. minimus, male. E A. pinocchio, male. F A. tricarinatus, male. G A. variabilis, male. H A. trapezicollis, male. I A. trapezicollis, female. J A. latipes, male. K A. latipes, female.

FIGURE 21. Male genitalia of species of Anchylorhynchus. A. parcus is known only from the holotype, which was not dissected. Scales: 500 µm. A A. aegrotus B A. albidus C A. amazonicus D A. bicarinatus E A. bicolor. F A. bucki. G A. burmeisteri. H A. camposi. I A. centrosquamatus (reproduced from de Medeiros & Núñez-Avellaneda, 2013).

FIGURE 24. Geographical distribution of species of Anchylorhynchus based on specimens examined, excluding suspicious locations as indicated in the main text. The distribution of A. parcus is unknown. A A. aegrotus, A. albidus, A. amazonicus, A. centrosquamatus. B A. bicarinatus, A. bicolor, A. burmeisteri, A. rectus. C A. bucki, A. goiano, A. imitator, A. luteobrunneus. D A. camposi, A. minimus, A. multisquamis, A. tremolerasi. E A. latipes, A. pinocchio, A. trapezicollis, A. vittipennis. F A. chrysomeloides, A. tricarinatus, A. vanini, A. variabilis.