Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata Ramos-Pastrana, Rojas-Portilla & Evenhuis, 2024

Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany & Rojas-Portilla, Edilberto, 2024, First record of Mythicomyia Coquillett, 1983 from Colombia with description of a new species of Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) Brèthes, 1919 (Diptera: Mythicomyiidae: Mythicomyiinae) and an updated key to South American species, Zootaxa 5397 (4), pp. 539-550 : 542-546

Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata Ramos-Pastrana, Rojas-Portilla & Evenhuis , sp. nov.

Figs 1–21

Diagnosis. Male. Proboscis short, less than heigh to eye; mesonotum entirely dark brown; vein separating cells br and bm not evident, cell dm with six-sided; tergite I entirely brown; tergites II–III ground color brown, with a band whitish on the distal margin; tergites II–IV brown with a whitish band on the distal margin, tergite V brown on the proximal half and whitish on the distal half, tergites VI–VII whitish with a thin brown band on the proximal margin; ejaculatory apodeme large, somewhat rectangular-shape, with acute tip basally in lateral view; parameral sheath large; gonocoxa subdivided, with a rounded anterior lobe, posterior lobe pointed and with two setae apically in lateral view.

Description. Male (holotype). Body length 1.7 mm; wing length 1.2 mm. Head ( Figs 3–4 ). Brown; eyes contiguous for 10 facets; ocellar triangle dark brown, ocelli whitish yellow; frons bare, small and triangular-shaped, whitish, with upper tip slightly light brown not depressed medially ( Fig. 4 ); face brown on lower and upper ⅓, whitish yellow on the middle ⅓, and a marginal longitudinal line; proboscis short, less than heigh to eye, whitish yellow on the proximal ⅓, dark brown on distal ⅔; occiput subshiny, dark brown to black, with sparse whitish and small setae and gray pruinosity ( Fig. 3 ). Antenna ( Figs 3–5 ) dark brown yellowish pruinose; scape minute; pedicel rounded; first flagellomere oval, about 1.4× longer than width; second flagellomere small, about the width of first, with small subapical stylus. Thorax ( Figs 3, 6 ). Mesonotum entirely dark brown, with dense gray-brown pruinosity and scattered inconspicuous whitish setae; postpronotal lobe, ¾ notopleuron, supra-alar area and postalar callus whitish ( Fig. 3 ); scutellum with proximal half dark brown and distal half whitish, scattered inconspicuous whitish setae ( Fig. 6 ); pleura brown, with sparse gray-yellowish pruinosity, with whitish yellow markings on: proepimeron, upper ¼ anepisternum, ¼ anepimeron, upper ⅓ katepisternum, upper ⅓ meron. Legs ( Fig. 3 ). Fore coxa entirely brown, middle and hind coxae brown with a whitish spot basally; femora brown on proximal half and whitish on distal half; tibiae with proximal ¾ whitish and distal ¼ light brown; tarsi light brown. Wing ( Fig. 7 ). Hyaline, veins slightly tinged with brown color, costal is a little more stained short, microtrichose except on: proximal ½ cells br and bm and proximal ⅓ anal lobe; costal vein ending in R 4+5; vein Sc weak incomplete, ending a little later than of Rs origin; Rs evanescent at connection with R 1; R 2+3 arising approximately ⅔ distance from origin of Rs to r-m crossvein; r-m crossvein at basal ⅐ of dm cell; vein separating cells br and bm not evident; cell dm with six-sided; m-m crossvein equal in length than r-m crossvein; vein dm-m slightly sinuous; R 4+5 slightly curved downard, ending after the M 1; vein M 1 slightly forward directed; M 2 and M 4 slightly sinuous; CuA straight to wing margin, CuP evanescent; anal lobed developed; knob brown, with apex whitish. Abdomen ( Figs 3, 8 ). With conspicuous whitish setae. Tergite I entirely brown, tergites II–IV brown with a whitish band on the distal margin, tergite V brown on the proximal half and whitish on the distal half, tergites VI–VII whitish with a thin brown band on the proximal margin. Terminalia ( Figs 9–14 ). Epandrium membranous, elongate, somewhat triangular-shaped and apex rounded in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), semi-circular, with scattered setae dorsally in posterior view ( Figs 11–12 ); pseudosurstylus thickened, with margins sinuous and apex rounded in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), triangular-shaped, with acute apex in posterior view ( Figs 11–12 ); cercus triangular-shaped, with scattered setae on the upper half in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), drop-shaped with scattered setae on the upper half in posterior view ( Figs 11–12 ); ejaculatory apodeme large, somewhat rectangular-shaped, with acute tip basally in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), long, thin and with acute apex and sideways-directed in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ); lateral ejaculatory process thickened basally, with acute apex and upward-directed in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), about 0.5× shorter than ejaculatory apodeme, pointed, sideways-directed in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ); phallus drop-shaped, in lateral and dorsal view ( Figs 9–10, 13–14 ), basiphallus about 4× longer than distiphallus, distiphallus simple with single apical opening, about ¼ length basiphallus in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ); parameral sheath large, with arms on the anterior half, two tips sideways-directed and one tip posteriorly with two paired lobed projections divergent in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ), barely evident in lateral view.Anterior arms of parameral sheath long, about 1.5× longer than ejaculatory apodeme, slightly straight and slightly thickened apically in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), with apex truncated and convergent in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ); gonocoxa subdivided, with a rounded anterior lobe, posterior lobe pointed and with two setae apically in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), with the appearance of four lobes, the two anterior lobes smaller and with rounded edges, the two posterior ones with sinuous edges in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ); gonostylus large, downward-directed, similar in length to the ejaculatory apodeme, thickened basally, thin apically and acute apex in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ), somewhat triangular-shaped, thin basally and thickened apically, with micro setae on the supra-outer margin in dorsal view ( Figs 13–14 ).

Female. ( Figs 2 , 15–20 ). Like male, differing in the following aspects: body length 1 mm; wing length 1.3 mm. Head ( Figs 15–16 ). Brown, except the gena; eyes separated at vertex by approximately 2× distance posterior ocelli; frons whitish yellow, both areas sinuously separated, shiny, slightly depressed medially, with inconspicuous yellow seta scattered ( Fig. 16 ). Thorax ( Figs 15, 17 ). Ground color brownish yellow. Mesonotum with dense brownish yellow pruinosity, with three thick longitudinal bands, the central band occupies the entire length of the prescutum and scutum, narrowing at the end, the two lateral bands start approximately at the middle of the prescutum up to the entire length of the scutum, notopleural and supraalar region almost entirely yellowish. Scutellum yellow, infuscated of brown anteriorly. Legs ( Fig. 15 ). Fore coxa entirely whitish; middle and hind coxae whitish with brown spot posteriorly; fore and middle femora entirely whitish; hind femur light brown, except ¼ proximal and distal whitish. Abdomen ( Figs 15, 18 ). Almost same pattern as the male, except for Tergite I almost totally yellow and the whitish color changes to brownish yellow. Terminalia ( Figs 19–20 ). Genital fork U-shaped, anterior margin arched with lower margin truncated, inner posterior projection convergent distally, interrupted medially, outer projection simple, long and divergent, projecting posterolaterally; common duct indistinct, basal plate hyaline; sperm pump thin on proximal ⅔, thickened on distal ⅓, with smooth surface and membranous; proximal spermathecal duct about wider than distal; distal spermathecal duct about 5–6× length of proximal duct, translucent; valve indistinct; spermathecal reservoir strongly sclerotized, brown, thickened basally and gradually thins toward apex, at its widest point, about 4× thickness of sperm pump, without glandular trichomes.

Type material. HOLOTYPE. Male: COLOMBIA, Antioquia, Liborina, Vda.[Vereda] La Sucia , 06º40′54″N / 75º19′52″W, 592 m [eters], 31. Ene. [I]–1. Feb [II].2019 / Captura con trampa Malaise en BST [Bosque Seco Tropical] (Vegetación secundaria baja), Y. Ramos-Pastrana Leg. (1 Ô LEUA) (photographed specimen) . PARATYPES. idem 12.Feb[II].2019, (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem Ituango, Vda.[Vereda] Los Galgos, 07º06′30″N / 75º40′33″W, 467 m [eters], 22–23.Ene.[I].2019 / Bosque secundario denso (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem Buriticá, Vda.[Vereda] La Angelina, 06º41′41″N / 75º50′37″W, 1254 m [eters], 1–2.Feb.[II].2019 / Vegetación secundaria alta (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem 06º41′38″N / 75º50′22″W, 469 m [eters], 31.Ene.[I]–1.Feb[II].2019 / Vegetación secundaria baja (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem 06º41′10″N / 75º50′10″W, 1237 m [eters] / Vegetación secundaria alta (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem (1 Ô LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem 06º41′22″N / 75º50′18″W, 487 m [eters], 11–12.Mar[III].2019, (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem 06º41′21″N / 75º50′15″W, 1144 m [eters], 31.Ene.[I]–1.Feb[II].2019 (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem 06º41′41″N / 75º50′37″W, 1254 m [eters], 1–2.Feb.[II].2019 / Vegetación secundaria baja (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem 06º41′48″N / 75º50′37″W, 503 m [eters], 8–9.Mar.[III].2019 (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem Vda. [Vereda] Buena Vista, 06º51′43″N / 75º58′43″W, 488 m [eters], 16–17.Mar.[III].2019 / Vegetación secundaria alta (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem Liborina , Vda. [Vereda] La Sucia, 06º10′16″N / 75º50′03″W, 1236 m [eters], 31.Ene.[I]–1.Feb[II].2019 (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem 06º40′54″N / 75º19′52″W, 592 m [eters] / Vegetación secundaria baja (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem Sabanalarga , Vda. [Vereda] Boca de Niquia, 06º52′01″N / 75º50′28″W, 430 m [eters], 28–29.Ene.[I].2019 (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem Vda. [Vereda] San Cristobal Pena, 06º52′01″N / 75º50′27″W, 17–18. Mar. [III].2019 (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem 06º51′53″N / 75º50′27″W, 425 m [eters] (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) ; idem (1 ♀ LEUA) .

Etymology. The specific name is a compound adjective in the nominative singular from the Latin words, “bi-” (two) and “lobatus” (having lobes), referring to the two lobes of the gonocoxa of the male terminalia ( Fig. 10 ).

Geographical distribution. Colombia (Antioquia) ( Fig. 21 ).

Habitat. The specimens were collected in the Tropical Dry Forest with low secondary vegetation and Tropical Humid Forest with dense secondary vegetation of the Andean region of Colombia.

Taxonomic notes. In males Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata sp. nov. runs to M. (H.) hyalinipennis in couplet 3 of the key in Hall (1976). It differs from M. (H.) hyalinipennis by having body with predominant color brown ( Fig. 3 ) [versus body with predominant color black, in Hall (1976)]; frons with upper tip slightly light brown ( Fig. 4 ) (versus frons entirely yellow); antenna dark brown; pedicel wider than longer; second flagellomere about the width of first ( Figs 3–5 ) (versus antennae black, pedicel as wide as long; first flagellomere slightly longer than wide; second flagellomere slightly longer than wide of first); proboscis with length beyond oral margin exceeding half of eye height ( Fig. 3 ) (versus proboscis with length beyond oral margin equal to half or less of eye height); scutellum with proximal half dark brown and distal half whitish ( Fig. 6 ) (versus scutellum entirely black); cercus clearly visible in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ) [versus cercus weakly visible in lateral view, see figure 20 in Hall (1976)]; ejaculatory apodeme thickened basally, thin apically, with apex acute in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ) [versus ejaculatory apodeme thin basally, thickened apically, with apex slightly truncated in lateral view, see figure 20 in Hall (1976)]; anterior arms of parameral sheath with truncated apex in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ) [versus anterior arms of parameral sheath with acute apex in lateral view, see figure 20 in Hall (1976)]; gonocoxa subdivided, with a rounded anterior lobe in lateral view ( Figs 9–10 ) [versus gonocoxa simple, without a rounded anterior lobe, see figure 20 in Hall (1976)]. In females M. (H.) bilobata sp. nov. runs to M. (H.) trepta in couplet 8 of the key in Hall (1976). It differs from M. (H.) trepta by having antenna dark brown ( Figs 15–16 ) [versus antenna black, in original description in Hall (1976)]; mesonotum with ground color brownish yellow, with three thick longitudinal bands ( Fig. 17 ) (versus mesonotum black with yellow markings); scutellum light brown with apex yellow ( Fig. 17 ) (versus scutellum entirely yellow); hind femur light brown, except ¼ proximal and distal whitish (versus hind femur entirely yellow).

Figures

FIGURE 21. Geographical records of all species of Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) of South America.

FIGURES 1–2. Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata Ramos-Pastrana, Rojas-Portilla & Evenhuis, sp. nov. Wing with wing interference patterns. 1. male; 2. female.

FIGURES 3–8. Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata Ramos-Pastrana, Rojas-Portilla & Evenhuis, sp. nov. (LEUA). Male. 3. Habitus, left lateral view; 4. Head, frontal view; 5. Antenna; 6. Thorax, dorsal view; 7. Wing; 8. Abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURES 9–14. Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata Ramos-Pastrana, Rojas-Portilla & Evenhuis, sp. nov. (LEUA). Male. 9. Terminalia, lateral view; 10. Terminalia illustration lateral view; 11. Terminalia, posterior view; 12. Terminalia illustration, posterior view; 13. Terminalia, dorsal view; 14. Terminalia illustration, dorsal view.

FIGURES 15–20. Mythicomyia (Heterhybos) bilobata Ramos-Pastrana, Rojas-Portilla & Evenhuis, sp. nov. (LEUA). Female. 15. Habitus, left lateral view; 16. Head, frontal view; 17. Thorax, dorsal view; 18. Abdomen, dorsal view; 19. Terminalia; 20. Terminalia illustration.