Sicarius diadorim, Magalhães, Ivan L. F., Brescovit, Antonio D. & Santos, Adalberto J., 2013

Magalhães, Ivan L. F., Brescovit, Antonio D. & Santos, Adalberto J., 2013, The six-eyed sand spiders of the genus Sicarius (Araneae: Haplogynae: Sicariidae) from the Brazilian Caatinga, Zootaxa 3599 (2), pp. 101-135 : 126-129

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.248572
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9412439A-C8E1-4FA6-B51A-D9169A50970C
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6153047
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038987D6-FF87-FFDD-FF2E-757FFC1375EB
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Sicarius diadorim
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Sicarius diadorim View in CoL new species

Figs 37–38 View FIGURES 33 – 40 ; 47; 88–103; 128–129; 138–139; 146–147; 160–162; 166

Type material. Male holotype from Parque Nacional Cavernas do Peruaçu, Itacarambi, Minas Gerais, Brazil (15°1'41.1''S 44°15'12.2''W, 762m), 4–7/VIII/2011, I.L.F. Magalhães et al. coll., deposited in UFMG 10789. Paratypes: same collecting data, 13 ( IBSP 162806); same locality, 5–7/V/2012, G.F.B. Pereira et al. coll., 13 ( UFMG 11602), 13 ( UFMG 11603), 1Ƥ ( UFMG 11604), 1Ƥ ( UFMG 11605), 1Ƥ ( IBSP 162805).

Remarks. The holotype and the paratype IBSP 162806 were collected as juveniles and reared in laboratory until adulthood.

Etymology. Diadorim is one of the two main characters of the novel Grande Sertão: Veredas, by João Guimarães Rosa, a Brazilian writer born in Minas Gerais. The story is about a group of outlaws (known in Brazil as jagunços) that wander throughout the countryside of Minas Gerais and Bahia, in regions largely coincident with the distribution of S. diadorim n. sp.

Diagnosis. Males of S. diadorim n. sp. are similar to those of S. cariri n. sp. in the embolus, which forms an almost right angle in relation to the rest of the bulb and has a curvature in apical view, with its concavity facing retrolaterally, but differ in the long, slender and slightly sinuous embolus ( Figs 88–91 View FIGURES 88 – 91 , 129 View FIGURES 124 – 131 ). Females are most similar to those of S. cariri n. sp., but differ by having more branches (16 or more in S. diadorim n. sp., usually less than 12 in S. cariri n. sp.). S. diadorim n. sp. females differ from the other species by the spermathecae branches, which are parallel to the main body axis and longer in the median region, becoming progressively shorter towards the laterals ( Figs 92–101 View FIGURES 92 – 103 , 138 View FIGURES 134 – 141 , 146 View FIGURES 142 – 149 ). Individuals of both sexes have relatively short femora in relation to carapace length (mean±SD of femur II/carapace length: males 1.43±0.05, females 1.12±0.05; see Variation) (Fig. 47). Subadult females, like adults, have spermathecae branches that decrease in size from the middle to the laterals ( Figs 102–103 View FIGURES 92 – 103 ).

Description. Male (UFMG 10789, holotype). Coloration and general appearance as described for the genus. Total length 10.38. Carapace: length 4.91, anterior width 2.06, thoracic region width 5.18. Clypeus height 0.71. Eyes diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.23, PLE 0.2, PME 0.23, ALE–PLE 0.15, PME–ALE 0.53. Sternum: length 2.19, width 2.55. Leg I: femur 6.27, patella 2.12, tibia 6.55, metatarsus 5.25, tarsus 2.25. II: femur 6.92, tibia 6.55. III: femur 6.48, tibia 5.93.IV: femur 6.17, patella 2.08, tibia 5.66, metatarsus 4.98, tarsus 2.39. Opisthosoma: length 5.33, width 5.52. Six picks in the palpal femur. Palp as in Figs 88–91 View FIGURES 88 – 91 , 128–129 View FIGURES 124 – 131 .

Female (DZUB 5000, Cocos , Bahia). Coloration and general appearance as described for the genus. Total length 14.39. Carapace: length 6.2, anterior width 3, thoracic region width 6.48. Clypeus height 1.12. Eyes diameters and interdistances: ALE 0.28, PLE 0.25, PME 0.25, ALE–PLE 0.25, PME–ALE 0.76. Sternum: length 2.39, width 3.27. Leg I: femur 6.56, patella 2.58, tibia 6.68, metatarsus 5.32, tarsus 2.66. II: femur 7.43, tibia 7.08. III: femur 6.61, tibia 6.14. IV: femur 6.55, patella 2.27, tibia 6.13, metatarsus 4.65, tarsus 2.24. Opisthosoma: length 7.51, width 8.64. Five picks in the palpal femur. Spermathecae as in Figs 92–103 View FIGURES 92 – 103 , 138–139 View FIGURES 134 – 141 , 146–147 View FIGURES 142 – 149 .

Variation. Carapace length: males 4.6–6.2 (n=14), females 5–6.74 (n=16). Femur II: males 6.9–8.46 (n=14), females 5.8–7.43 (n=16). Picks in the palpal femur: 5–7. Spermathecae branches: 14–18. Genitalic morphology is variable in both sexes ( Figs 88–101 View FIGURES 88 – 91 View FIGURES 92 – 103 ). Some females, like those from Espinosa and Itaobim, Minas Gerais, have a pair of ventral digitiform branches in the spermathecae similar to those of S. ornatus n. sp. ( Fig. 146 View FIGURES 142 – 149 ).

Distribution. Brazil, in southwestern Bahia and northern Minas Gerais ( Fig. 166 View FIGURE 166 ).

Natural history. This species has been collected under rocks and logs from Caatinga ( Figs 160–162 View FIGURES 160 – 165 ) and Caatinga-Cerrado ecotone areas ( Fig. 148 View FIGURES 142 – 149 ). A juvenile has been observed preying on a hemipteran. Eggsacs have been found attached to fallen logs. An eggsac opened in the field contained eleven juveniles. We visited the type locality three times. In August (end of the dry season), only three juveniles and two eggsacs with spiderlings were found. In October (beginning of the rainy season), nine juveniles and three empty eggsacs were found. In May (end of the rainy season), two males and three females were found. Medium-sized juveniles collected in August took 7–8 months (and two molts) to mature. This suggests that this species may be annual or, more likely, that adults retreat themselves in the dry season.

Other material examined. Bahia: Cocos, Fazenda Trijunção (14°49'15''S 45°58'23''W, 559m), 20/IV/2008, P.C. Mott a coll., 13 3Ƥ ( DZUB 5000), VIII/2000, R.A. Brandão coll., 2Ƥ ( IBSP 42147); Guanambi, Aeroporto [14°12’S 42°44’W, 539m], 21/I/2009, F.U. Yamamoto & R.P. Indicatti coll., 1Ƥ 1 juvenile ( IBSP 124092), Ceraíma, 15 Km SE Guanambi (14°17'2.4''S 42°41'16.3''W, 577m), 25/I/2007, C. Mattoni et al. coll., 1Ƥ ( AMNH), 1Ƥ ( AMNH), Ceraíma, 8 Km NE Guanambi, Fazenda do Fabiano (14°10'17.6''S 42°43'56.4''W, 539m), 25/I/2007, C. Mattoni et al. coll., 1Ƥ ( AMNH); Jaborandi, Fazenda Jatobá [13°55'54''S 46°0'12''W], 1/VIII/2012, O. Pires Jr. coll., 13 1 juvenile ( DZUB 6230); Palmas de Monte Alto, Serra do Monte Alto [14°16’S 43°10’W], 2009, A. Pimentel & I. Soares coll., 23 ( IBSP 161076), 13 ( IBSP 161077), 23 ( IBSP 161078), 13 ( IBSP 161079), 13 ( IBSP 161080); São Félix do Coribe [13°24’S 44°11’W], 1/V/2011, S.S. Salgado & A.O. Rodrigues coll., 13 1Ƥ ( DZUB 6229). Minas Gerais: Espinosa, Caatinga arbórea (14°56'47.9''S 42°50'5.9''W, 623m), 10/I/2012, I.L.F. Magalhães et al. coll., 1Ƥ ( IBSP 162290), 1Ƥ ( IBSP 162291), 1Ƥ ( IBSP 162292), 1 juvenile ( IBSP 162294), 1Ƥ ( UFMG 11028); Itaobim, Caatinga em encosta de morro (16°31'58.6''S 41°30'37.5''W, 464m), 25/XI/2011, I.L.F. Magalhães et al. coll., 1Ƥ ( UFMG 10156), Caatinga próxima a lajedo de arenito (16°35'43.9''S 41°34'45.3''W, 301m), 26/XI/2011, I.L.F. Magalhães et al. coll., 13 ( UFMG 10157).