Secundilactobacillus, Zheng & Wittouck & Salvetti & Franz & Harris & Mattarelli & O’Toole & Pot & Vandamme & Walter & Watanabe & Wuyts & Felis & Gänzle & Lebeer, 2020

Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O’Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4), pp. 2782-2858 : 2834

DESCRIPTION OF SECUNDILACTOBACILLUS GEN. NOV.

Secundilactobacillus (Se.cun.di.lac.to.ba.cil’lus. L. adj. secundus, second or next, following; N.L. masc. n. Lactobacillus a bacterial genus name; N.L. masc. n. Secundilactobacillus a lactobacillus that occurs in a secondary fermentation or as a spoilage organism after primary fermenters depleted hexoses and disaccharides).

Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase negative, heterofermentative. Most strains grow at 15 °C and some also grow at 45 °C, the pH range of growth is highly variable. The genome size ranges from 1.85 Mbp for S. oryzae to 3.62 Mbp for S. collinoides , the mol% G+C content of DNA ranges from 41.03–47 %. Strains in the genus lead a free-living lifestyle and were isolated as secondary fermentation or spoilage organisms from hexose-depleted habitats including silage, beer, liquor mashes and apple cider. Metabolic properties of Secundilactobacillus species match adaptation to hexose-depleted habitats. Many strains of the genus do not reduce fructose to mannitol, a trait which differentiates Secundilactobacillus from all other heterofermentative lactobacilli except Paucilactobacillus . Many strains in the genus metabolize diols via diol-hydratase and convert agmatine, a metabolite of arginine decarboxylation, via the agmatine deiminase pathway. Strains in the genus generally harbour genes coding for transaldolase/transketolase which mediate metabolism of pentoses to pyruvate.

A phylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA genes of all species in the genus Secundilactobacillus is provided in Fig. S6O .

The type species of the genus is Secundilactobacillus malefermentans comb. nov.; Secundilactobacillus was previously referred to as the Lactobacillus collinoides group.

Figures

Fig. 6. Gene family presence/absence patterns in Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Each column represents a gene family presence/absence pattern in species of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostoaceae, where presence is indicated with a dot. The absolute number of gene families that conform to each pattern is visualized in the marginal bar plot at the top. Separations between phylogroups are indicated with horizontal black lines. We defined genes that were present in all genomes of a clade and in none of the genomes outside of that clade as ‘signature genes’ (dark blue); other genes are shown in light blue. Only presence/absence patterns followed by four or more gene families are shown. Patterns of presence in a single species or all species are not shown. Unassigned species are clusters of closely related genomes which could not be assigned to a known species due to low whole-genome similarity to a type strain and/or low 16S rRNA similarity to a type strain.