Companilactobacillus, Zheng & Wittouck & Salvetti & Franz & Harris & Mattarelli & O’Toole & Pot & Vandamme & Walter & Watanabe & Wuyts & Felis & Gänzle & Lebeer, 2020

Zheng, Jinshui, Wittouck, Stijn, Salvetti, Elisa, Franz, Charles M. A. P., Harris, Hugh M. B., Mattarelli, Paola, O’Toole, Paul W., Pot, Bruno, Vandamme, Peter, Walter, Jens, Watanabe, Koichi, Wuyts, Sander, Felis, Giovanna E., Gänzle, Michael G. & Lebeer, Sarah, 2020, A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: Description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70 (4), pp. 2782-2858 : 2802-2803

DESCRIPTION OF COMPANILACTOBACILLUS GEN. NOV.

Companilactobacillus (Com.pani.lac.to.ba.cil’lus. M. L. n. companio friend, partner; N.L. masc. n. Lactobacillus a bacterial genus; N.L. masc. n.; Companilactobacillus , Companion-lactobacillus, the name refers to the association of Companilactobacillus species with other lactobacilli, particularly heterofermentative organisms, in cereal and vegetable fermentations [ 114]).

Companilactobacillus species are Gram-positive, homofermentative and non-spore-forming rods. Strains of Companilactobacillus were isolated from fermented vegetables, particularly fermented mustard or onion greens, and fruits (17 type strains; five of these from mustard or onion fermentations), sourdough or related cereal fermentations (7 type strains), sausages or meat (seven type strains) or other plant sources; one isolates was obtained from a fermented dairy product. Companilactobacillus appears not to be dominant in any of these fermentations but occurs consistently (type I sourdoughs and fermented mustard or onion greens) or occasionally (meat, salami). Companilactobacillus metriopterae was isolated from a grasshopper and forms and outgroup that differs with respect to genome size ( C. metriopterae 1.50 Mbp; other species range from 2.17 to 2.9 Mbp); mol% G+C content of DNA ( C. metriopterae 32.8; other species range from 34.1 to 38.6) and physiological properties. The temperature requirements for growth are inconsistent; all strains grow between 25 and 30 °C, most but not all species grow at 15 °C and some species grow at 45 °C. The fermentation of pentoses by Companilactobacillus is species- or strain-specific. Information on the ecology or lifestyle of companilactobacilli is scarce.

A phylogenetic tree on the basis of 16S rRNA genes of all species in the genus Companilactobacillus is provided in Fig. S6C .

The type species is Companilactobacillus alimentarius comb. nov.; Companilactobacillus was previously referred to as L. alimentarius group.

Figures

Fig. 6. Gene family presence/absence patterns in Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae. Each column represents a gene family presence/absence pattern in species of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostoaceae, where presence is indicated with a dot. The absolute number of gene families that conform to each pattern is visualized in the marginal bar plot at the top. Separations between phylogroups are indicated with horizontal black lines. We defined genes that were present in all genomes of a clade and in none of the genomes outside of that clade as ‘signature genes’ (dark blue); other genes are shown in light blue. Only presence/absence patterns followed by four or more gene families are shown. Patterns of presence in a single species or all species are not shown. Unassigned species are clusters of closely related genomes which could not be assigned to a known species due to low whole-genome similarity to a type strain and/or low 16S rRNA similarity to a type strain.