Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech 1974

Bhowal, A, Purushothaman, J & Siddique, A, 2023, Taxonomic studies of marine dinoflagellates and distribution in the coastal waters of Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh, India, Indian Journal of Geo Marine Sciences 52 (8), pp. 390-401 : 396-397

3. Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech 1974

Diagnostic characters: Thecate dinoflagellate with pentagon shaped body. Presence of two small antapical spines. Length and width of body almost of the same dimension. Presence of broad-based spines on body surface. Outline of epitheca straight edged. Surface of epitheca slightly concave in the ventral region ( Fig. 2c ).

Distribution: Gulf of Mannar 9, Tamil Nadu coast, India 10, South Andaman region, India 20, Bay of Bengal 12 - 13, North Arabian Sea 23, Great Nicobar Island, Andaman Sea 21, Andaman Sea, Indian Ocean 11, ROPME Sea Area, Iranian coastal waters 25, Black Sea 27, Yellow Sea 24, Mediterranean waters 26, Mexican waters, Pacific Ocean 33, Brazil waters 29, New Zealand coastal waters 30, Australian waters 31.

This species was recorded from the station APK1 (surface waters), APK2, APK3 (subsurface depths), and APK4 (surface and subsurface depths) in Kakinada waters from the state of Andhra Pradesh.

Figures

Fig. 2 — Micrographs (Light microscope and SEM images) of species recorded from Kakinada coastal waters: (a) Protoperidinium depressum (Bailey) Balech 1974; (b) Protoperidinium brochii (Kofoid & Swezy) Balech, 1974; (c) Protoperidinium leonis (Pavillard) Balech 1974; (d) Protoperidinium ovum (J. Schiller) Balech 1974; (e) Protoperidinium pallidum (Ostenfeld) Balech 1973; (f) Spiraulax kofoidii H. W Graham, 1942; (g) Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881; (h) Dinophysis caudata Saville-Kent 1881; (i) Ornithocercus magnificus Stein 1883; (j) Phalacroma doryphorum Stein 1883; (k) Tripos inflatus (Kofoid) F. Gómez, 2013; (l) Tripos trichoceros (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013; (m) Tripos candelabrum (Ehrenberg) F. Gómez, 2013; (n) Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez 2013; (o) Tripos vultur (Cleve) F. Gómez 2013 magnified view; and (p) Triadinium polyedricum (Pouchet) Dodge, 1981