Blepharoneura quadristriata Wulp, 1899

Norrbom, Allen L. & Condon, Marty, 2010, Revision of the femoralis group of Blepharoneura Loew (Diptera: Tephritidae) 2374, Zootaxa 2374 (1), pp. 1-139 : 96-98

Blepharoneura quadristriata Wulp

Figs. 55–56 , 89 , 98–99 , 125 , 160 , 192 , 202

Blepharoneura quadristriata Wulp 1899: 411 [in key], 413 [description]; Aczél 1950: 197 [in catalog, as synonym of B. poecilosoma ]; Foote 1965: 241 [type data]; Foote 1967: 18 [in catalog, as synonym of B. poecilosoma ]; Norrbom et al. 1999: 106 [in catalog, as valid name].

Blepharoneura poecilosoma var. quadristriata: Hendel 1914: 21 [in key, in catalog].

Blepharoneura poecilosoma f. quadristriata: Hering 1942: 134 [in key].

[not] Blepharoneura quadristriata: Enderlein 1911: 432 [misidentification of B. diva Giglio-Tos ].

Diagnosis. This species differs from other species of Blepharoneura by the following combination of characters: scutum with 2 pairs of brown vittae or rows of spots, interrupted along transverse suture, and postsutural lateral vitta usually connected to submedial spot on posterior margin; cell r2+3 with 2 elongate marginal hyaline marks, proximal mark extending to middle of cell r4+5, distal mark often forming concave band extending to margin of r4+5; and abdominal tergites each with 1 pair of large dark brown spots without yellow spots within them. The aculeus tip is elongate triangular with a very broad, truncate or slightly concave or convex medial lobe and 3 pairs of small, acute lobes.

Description. Head ( Fig. 89 ): Dark brown area on ocellar tubercle usually extended less than half distance to postocellar seta, occasionally (3 of 12 specimens) more than half distance to seta. Small brown spot often (7 of 12 specimens) present surrounding and posteromesal to medial vertical seta. Occipital suture narrowly orange brown to brown. Small diffuse brown spot occasionally (4 of 12 specimens) touching and ventral to lateral vertical seta.

Thorax ( Figs. 98–99 ): Scutum nonmicrotrichose except posterior to dorsocentral seta and laterally, with 2 pairs of red brown to dark brown vittae; submedial vitta extended almost to transverse suture but often not reaching anterior margin, postsutural part at least pair of spots or vittae extending anteriorly to level of postsutural supra-alar seta, sometimes (5 of 11 specimens) connected to mark or marks on posterior margin; sublateral vitta with presutural part relatively broad, not extended anteriorly to medial corner of postpronotal lobe, occasionally (4 of 12 specimens) narrowly connected anteriorly to submedial vitta, postsutural part usually (except 1 teneral specimen) connected to dark brown marks on posterior margin to form L-shaped or U-shaped marking; posterior margin with pair of dark brown marks, sometimes (5 of 11 specimens) connected medially. Notopleuron and sides of scutum without brown markings except sometimes with brown spot (1 specimen) or extension of sublateral vitta (5 specimens) immediately posterior to intra-alar seta. Scutellum entirely yellow or (6 of 11 specimens) with pair of sublateral brown spots (aligned with or lateral to medial marginal seta). Subscutellum and mediotergite dark brown except medially and dorsolateral corner and sometimes narrow lateral margin of mediotergite, or occasionally (3 of 12 specimens) both sclerites entirely yellow. Pleuron entirely yellow. Basalare entirely yellow. Dorsocentral seta aligned posterior to postalar seta, closer to or aligned with intra-alar seta.

Legs: Mostly or entirely yellow. Tibiae, especially hind tibia, and anteroventral and posteroventral areas on apical 1/5–1/4 of mid and hind femora [e.g., USNMENT00213851] often slightly darker orange or orange brown.

Wing ( Figs. 55–56 ): Length 4.85–5.20 mm, width 2.55–2.72 mm, ratio 1.85–1.96. Crossvein r-m at 0.51– 0.59 distance from bm-cu to dm-cu. Cell c with 2 rectangular to trapezoidal hyaline spots, both reaching costa and subcosta; medial brown area slightly to distinctly paler than area of cell r1 posterior to pterostigma, as broad as to much narrower than both hyaline spots, occasionally paler medially. Pterostigma with large subapical hyaline or pale brown spot [#3], usually reaching R1. Cells r1 and r2+3 basally (proximal to apex of R1) without hyaline spots except for spot in r1 posterior to (in 1 specimen also slightly distal to) apex of vein Sc. Radial cells medially with tapering basal marginal hyaline mark [#5] in cell r1 and with aligned spots in r2+3 [#8] and r4+5 [#14], usually forming acute triangular to nipple-shaped mark, spot in r2+3 rarely not extending to R2+3 (1 specimen); spot in r4+5 [#14] touching R4+5 but extended less than halfway across cell; cell r2+3 usually (except in 1 wing of Costa Rican ♂) with more distal hyaline spot [#9], touching R4+5 and sometimes also R2+3; cell r4+5 with medial hyaline spot [#15] near anterior end of dm-cu small to moderate sized. Distally cell r1 usually with 1 subapical marginal hyaline spot [#6], occasionally narrowly separated from costa or rarely (1 Mexican ♂) without hyaline spot. Cell r2+3 with 2 elongate marginal hyaline marks, proximal mark [#10] aligned with hyaline mark in cell cell r4+5 forming band extending to middle of cell r4+5, distal mark [#11] often connected with hyaline marks in r4+5 [including #18] forming concave band extending to margin of r4+5, but r4+5 sometimes with isolated marginal spot [#18]. Cell m with 2 marginal hyaline marks [fused #26A, #26 and #27, and #29], 1 or both often reaching vein M, but neither extending into cell r4+5. Cell br with subbasal hyaline spot [#12]. Cell bm usually without distinct subbasal spot [#19] (present in only 1 specimen and connected posteriorly with subapical spot), with small circular to large elongate medial spot [when large possibly fused #19 and #20], or with circular subapical spot [#20] only. Posteromedial part of wing with large hyaline mark including broad subtriangular subbasal area in cell dm [fused #21, #22, #23, #24, probably also #51, #52], connected with moderately large subapical hyaline spot [#13] in cell br and sometimes also with small more proximal posterior hyaline spot [#44] in br, posteriorly aligned and connected with H-shaped area medially in cell cu1 [fusion of at least #32, #33, #34, #36, #39], isolating 2 brown spots (1 anterior, 1 posterior). Cell cu1 with subapical marginal hyaline mark [#37] moderate to large. Cell dm with subapical hyaline spot [#25] usually moderate sized, occasionally small (1 specimen), faint, pale brown (1 specimen), or absent (1 specimen), or connected to large proximal hyaline mark (2 specimens).

Abdomen ( Fig. 125 ): All tergites with 1 pair of broad dark brown spots, sometimes forming vittae; each spot often (7 of 12 specimens) extended along posterior margin of tergite to lateral margin; spots even margined medially, separated by broad, tapering, straight margined yellow area; brown spots solid, without yellow spots within them.

Female terminalia: Oviscape entirely dark brown; length 0.64–0.75 mm. Aculeus ( Fig. 160 ) 0.54–0.58 mm long, 1.66–1.72 times as long as wide, dorsally and ventrally with acute scales in medial membrane; tip rounded basolaterally, elongate triangular (lobed part 0.57–0.60 times as long as wide), with very broad, truncate or very slightly concave or convex medial lobe and 3 pairs of small, acute, somewhat step-like, distally directed lobes separated by elongate, relatively shallow gaps; lateral gap 1.75–2.23 times as long as wide. Spermathecae subconical to semicircular, neck with very short, straight, weakly sclerotized basal part, abruptly expanded to very stout, cylindrical, sclerotized part, and with large stout cylindrical basal apodeme ( Fig. 192 ).

Male terminalia: Medial surstylus with prensisetae subequal, separated by several times width of medial prensiseta, medial prensiseta on long curved lobe ( Fig. 202 ).

Distribution. Lowland to moderately high elevation areas (up to 1600 m) of tropical Mexico (Veracruz, Tabasco), Guatemala, Costa Rica, and possibly Colombia. The only record from the latter country is based on a specimen intercepted in a shipment from Colombia. The records from Baños, Ecuador and Costa Rica reported by Enderlein (1911) were based on misidentified specimens of Blepharoneura diva Giglio-Tos.

Type data. Holotype ♂ ( BMNH), MEXICO: Tabasco: Teapa, Feb, H. H. Smith [examined].

Other specimens examined. COLOMBIA: [unspecified locality; probably port interception, shipment from Colombia ], at light in banana hold, lot #41-9441, 5 Jun 1941, A. B. Wells, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00213861 ) . COSTA RICA: Alajuela: Upala , 20 km S of, 13 Dec 1990, F. D. Parker, 1♂ ( USU USNMENT00214948 ) . GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango: Jacaltenango, La Laguna, orillas Río Azul , 730 m, Malaise trap, 11–31 Nov 2007, F. Camposeco & J. Monzón, 1♀ ( USNM USNMENT00654002 ) . Suchitepéquez: Patulul, Finca Tarrales , 1000 m, 8–14 Feb 2007, J. Monzón & F. Camposeco, 1♂ ( FSCA USNMENT00654060 ) ; Santa Barbara, Reserva Refugio Quetzal UVG, 14.5418°N 91.1973°W, 1600 m, Malaise trap, 3–20 Aug 2007, J. P. Pérez & J. Monzón, 1♂ ( FSCA USNMENT00654001 ) . MEXICO: Veracruz: Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas, Incand. light, 13 Jan 1984, G. J. Steck, 1♀ ( FSCA USNMENT00214950 ) ; Estación de Biología Los Tuxtlas , 160 m, 30 Apr 1985, P. Sinaca, 1♂ ( IEXV USNMENT00213851 ) ; same, 1 May 1985, 1♂ ( USNM USNMENT00054201 ) ; same, 3 Jun 1985, 1♂ ( IEXV USNMENT00213850 ) ; same, 12 Aug 1985, 1♀ ( IEXV USNMENT00054200 ) ; same, 5 Aug 1985, E. Ramírez, 1♂ ( IEXV USNMENT00213848 ) ; same, 12 Aug 1985, E. Ramírez, 1 ♀ ( USNM USNMENT00213849 ) ; Lago Catemaco , 18 Jun 1969, B. V. Peterson, 1♀ ( CNC USNMENT00214949 ) .

Remarks. Following Hendel (1914), this name was long considered a variety or synonym of B. poecilosoma (Schiner) , which belongs to the poecilosoma species group. It actually is quite distinct from that species, differing by its scutal markings, more extensive hyaline wing markings, and genitalia.

A badly damaged male in the USNM from Higuito, San Mateo, Costa Rica is similar to this species in thoracic pattern and other characters, but it lacks hyaline subapical spots in the pterostigma and cell r1, and its identity is uncertain.

Figures

FIGURES 46–55. Wing: 46–47, B. mexicana (Mexico: S Chapingo, USNMENT00213806; holotype); 48, B. mikenoltei (holotype); 49, B. multipunctata (holotype); 50, B. nigriapex (Bolivia: Apa Apa, USNMENT00055930); 51, B. nigrifemur (Bolivia: Apa Apa, USNMENT00055923); 52, B. osmundsonae (Mexico: El Yukon, USNMENT00213961); 53–54, B. punctistigma (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00213875; El Triunfo, USNMENT00213913); 55, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00213849).

FIGURES 56–65. Wing: 56, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00054201); 57, B. quetzali (holotype); 58–59, B. regina (lectotype; Mexico: Lagunas de Zempoala, USNMENT00213847); 60, B. rupta (lectotype); 61, B. ruptafascia (holotype); 62, B. septemdigitata (Peru: Pakitza, USNMENT00213939); 63, B. sinepuncta (Costa Rica: La Suiza, USNMENT00213918); 64–65, B. splendida (Guatemala: Pacayal, USNMENT00213874; Venezuela: Rancho Grande, USNMENT00213864).

FIGURES 84–89. Head, posterior: 84, B. femoralis (Mexico: Lagunas de Zempoala, USNMENT00213772); 85, B. variabilis (Mexico: El Triunfo, USNMENT00213890); 86, B. hirsuta (Brazil: Rio de Janeiro, USNMENT00213794); 87, B. chaconi (Costa Rica: San Gerardo, INBio002539948); 88, B. sp. nr. thetis (Bolivia: Arroyo Tuhiri, USNMENT00056566); 89, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00214950).

FIGURES 98–101. Thorax, dorsal: 98–99, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00054200, USNMENT00054201); 100–101, B. femoralis (Mexico: El Triunfo, USNMENT00054206; San Cristobal, USNMENT00054205).

FIGURES 119–125. Abdomen, dorsal: 119–120, B. septemdigitata (Peru: Pakitza, USNMENT00213939–40); 121, B. cornelli (holotype); 122, B. furcifer (USNMENT00053665); 123, B. hirsuta (Brazil: Manaus, USNMENT00054198); 124, B. brevivittata (Costa Rica: Rincon de Osa, USNMENT00054203); 125, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00054201).

FIGURES 156–164. Aculeus: 156, B. fernandezi (Brazil: Santarem, USNMENT00213888); 157–158, B. furcifer (Ecuador: Limoncocha, USNMENT00213928; lectotype); 159, B. lutea (Costa Rica: Golfito, USNMENT00213824); 160, B. quadristriata (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00054200); 161, B. rupta (Mexico: Teapa, USNMENT00213796); 162, B. ruptafascia (holotype); 163, B. septemdigitata (Peru: Pakitza, USNMENT00213937); 164, B. unifasciata (holotype). ln = length, wd = width (of tip and gap).

FIGURES 188–195. Spermathecae: 188–190, B. femoralis (Mexico: Lagunas de Zempoala, USNMENT00213772; Oaxaca, USNMENT00213778; Brazil: Nova Teutonia, USNMENT00052306); 191, B. regina (2) (Mexico: Lagunas de Zempoala, USNMENT00213846); 192, B. quadristriata (3) (Mexico: Los Tuxtlas, USNMENT00213949); 193, B. furcifer (3) (lectotype). Egg: 194, B. femoralis (Mexico: Mexico City, USNMENT00213773); 195, B. lutea (Costa Rica: Golfito, USNMENT00213824).

FIGURES 200–203. Epandrium and surstyli, posterior: 200, B. amplihyalina (Argentina: Horco Molle, USNM00213855); 201, B. mexicana (Mexico, USNM00213821); 202, B. quadristriata (Mexico, Los Tuxtlas, USNM00213850); 203, B. rupta (Belize, Stann Creek, USNM00213797).