Corylus heterophylla Fisch.

Holstein, Norbert, Tamer, Sarah el & Weigend, Maximilian, 2018, The nutty world of hazel names - a critical taxonomic checklist of the genus Corylus (Betulaceae), European Journal of Taxonomy 409, pp. 1-45 : 23-24

10a. Corylus heterophylla Fisch. ex. Trautv. var. heterophylla

Note: Corylus heterophylla var. heterophylla was recognized in the Flora of China ( Li & Skvortsov 1999), Flora of the USSR ( Bobrov 1936a), the World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998) , and in the Flora Sichuanica (Editorial Board of the Flora Sichuanica 2012), although in the latter, they were regarded as distinct taxa: C. kweichowensis var. kweichowensis and C. kweichowensis var. sutchuensis .

C. mongolica Burchardt, Verhandlungen des Vereins zu Beförderung des Gartenbaues in den Königlich Preussischen Staaten 9: 108 ( Burchardt 1833) nom. inval. (name not fully accepted). – C. mongolica K.Koch, Dendrologie ; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden 2 (2): 13 ( Koch 1873) nom. inval. pro syn. – Note: Theodor Heinrich Otto Burchardt (13 Dec. 1771 – 6 Feb. 1853, Müller 1861) reported that he obtained nuts from “Herr von Hartwitz” [N.A. von Hartwiss] from Nikita, Crimea, who got his material from F.E.L. Fischer from St. Petersburg for cultivation. Burchardt mentioned in the protologue that he sowed the largest ones in 1829, but none of them germinated. However, Burchardt emphasized that the nuts were flattened at their tips, which is typical for what is nowadays referred to as C. heterophylla . Fischer had the newly collected Central Asian material of C.F. von Ledebour and Turczaninov at hand, and apparently also in cultivation in the St. Petersburg Botanical Garden. As there is only one species known from that area, C. heterophylla , and it has flattened nuts, Burchardt’s C. mongolica is an earlier name of C. heterophylla . However, Burchardt expressed some doubt: “Höchst wahrscheinlich werden wir aber die Corylus -Arten durch eine neue species, mit der Corylus mongolica vermehren müssen.” [Most likely, we will have to increase the number of Corylus species by a new species, Corylus mongolica ]. Due to the explicit doubt expressed, the name does not need to be considered (Art. 36, McNeill et al. 2012).

C. hasibami Siebold, Annuaire de la Société Royale pour l’Encouragement de l’Horticulture dans les Pays-Bas: 27 ( Siebold 1844) nom. nud. – Note: the material of this nom. nud. was introduced in Leiden Botanical Garden from material from P.F. von Siebold in 1829. Two years after publishing this name, Siebold himself synonymized the name under C. heterophylla (Siebold & Zuccarini 1846) , while Blume (1851: 310) synonymized it under his new C. heterophylla var. thunbergii .

C. heterophylla var. thunbergii Blume , Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum 1: 310 ( Blume 1851) [“ 1849–1852 ”]. – C. thunbergii (Blume) K.Koch, Dendrologie ; Bäume, Sträucher und Halbsträucher, welche in Mittel- und Nord- Europa im Freien kultivirt werden 2 (2): 13 ( Koch 1873). – Original citation: “In Japoniâ.” – Original material: Japan, e Japonia, C.P. Thunberg s.n. (UPS-THUNB 22494!); Japan [without locality], H. Bürger s.n. (M-0153659!, M-0153660!, M-0153661!). – Original material?: Japan, Japonia, s. coll., s.n. (K00859904!).

C. heterophylla var. japonica Koidz., The Botanical Magazine [Tokyo] 27: 143 ( Koidzumi 1913). – Original citation: “Japonia.” – Type: not localized.

C. heterophylla var. yezoensis Koidz., The Botanical Magazine [Tokyo] 27: 143 ( Koidzumi 1913). – C. yezoensis (Koidz.) Nakai (nom. inval. pro syn.), Flora Sylvatica Koreana 2: 9 ( Nakai 1915). – Orinial citation: “Yezo: Prov. Isikari, prope Sapporo.” – Type: not localized. – Note: Corylus yezoensis is regarded as a synonym of C. heterophylla var. thunbergii in the Flora of Japan ( Ohwi 1965) and the World Checklist and Bibliography of Fagales ( Govaerts & Frodin 1998) , where that variety is treated as a distinct variety.

C. heterophylla var. shenyangensis L.Zhao & D.Chen, Flora Liaoningica 1: 1361 ( Zhao & Chen 1988). – Type: China, Liaoning, Shenyang shi, L. Zhao [IJħ] 591 (holo-: IFP03404001a0001). – Note: the herbarium where the type is deposited was incorrectly given as “FPI” in the protologue.

C. retusa Siebold & Zucc. nom. nud. in sched. – Note: this name solely appears on some specimens collected by Siebold (BR!, K000859905!, M-0153658!).