Saprininae, Blanchard, 1845
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.5281/zenodo.4272127 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4342009 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0385915E-FFA8-096A-601B-FCACCA6AFAEA |
treatment provided by |
Felipe |
scientific name |
Saprininae |
status |
|
Key to the genera of the Palaearctic Saprininae View in CoL
Although this work omits several taxa that are either not considered as a part of the Palaearctic fauna or their taxonomic placement is questionable (see Material and methods for details), the key presented here contains most of them. It is hoped that this will add more value to the work presented and permit the reader to identify every taxon that is presently thought to occur in the Palaearctic Region. The subgenera are, with a few exceptions, excluded from this key; keys to the subgenera are given with the corresponding genus.
1 (10) Frontal and supraorbital striae completely absent ( Fig. 363 View Figs ).
2 (9) Prosternum without pre-apical foveae ( Fig. 305 View Figs ).
3 (8) Elytral epipleuron asetose ( Fig. 368 View Figs ).
4 (7) Lateral prosternal striae usually strongly reduced, but present; carinal prosternal striae usually sharply convergent on anterior half ( Fig. 366 View Figs ).
5 (6) Elytra with prominent punctation; outer margin of protibia with teeth topped with denticles; protibial groove present; each elytron between fourth dorsal elytral stria and sutural stria with a characteristic, short and hooked appendix, sutural stria often significantly shortened apically but always present. .................................................. .......................................................................... Gnathoncus Jacquelin-Duval, 1858 View in CoL
6 (5) Elytra without prominent punctation, mat; outer margin of protibia without teeth, topped only with short denticles; protarsal groove absent; sutural elytral stria absent, each elytron between fourth dorsal elytral stria and sutural stria without short and hooked appendix. ............................................................. Myrmetes Marseul, 1862 View in CoL
7 (4) Lateral prosternal striae absent; carinal prosternal striae ‘open’ anteriorly ( Fig. 305 View Figs ); meso- and metatarsi long, together with tarsal claws as long as meso- and metatibiae, respectively; outer margin of protibia explanate, concealing about 15 short denticles. ................................................................................. Eremosaprinus Ross, 1939 View in CoL
8 (3) Elytral epipleuron setose ( Fig. 700 View Figs ); carinal prosternal striae slightly divergent, vaguely united anteriorly; protibia widened, outer margin explanate, completely concealing numerous denticles; metatibia flattened, outer margin explanate, denticles almost entirely concealed. .............................................. Turanostyphrus Tishechkin, 2005 View in CoL
9 (2) Pre-apical foveae of prosternum present, vague, anteriorly connected by groove; prosternal process between carinal prosternal striae distinctly convex ( Fig. 323 View Figs ); carinal prosternal striae widely divergent anteriorly; pygidium of female with sulci. .......... ................................................. Euspilotus View in CoL , subgenus Neosaprinus Bickhardt, 1909 View in CoL
10 (1) At least supraorbital stria always present, usually frontal stria also present, often well developed or carinate, sometimes widely interrupted medially and in some cases prolonged onto clypeus.
11 (12) Labrum conspicuously large, larger than clypeus, flattened and expanded anteriorly ( Fig. 733 View Figs ); mentum also distinctly broadening anteriorly ( Fig. 732 View Figs ); anterior margin of mentum with long dense lamelliform setae; protibia with four teeth topped with short denticle; 1 st and 3 rd teeth about the same size, 2 nd tooth conspicuously larger. .......................................................................... Xenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 View in CoL
12 (11) Labrum not larger than clypeus; often semicircular or elongate oval, dorsally usually convex, sometimes depressed medially; mentum sub-trapezoid, trapezoid or squareshaped ( Fig. 683 View Figs ), never distinctly broadening anteriorly; protibial teeth or denticles usually diminishing in size in proximal direction.
13 (60) Labrum with punctures or coarse structures, convex or medially depressed, in most cases with labral pits fringed with one or, more often, two setae; protarsi well developed; underside of body moderately convex.
14 (29) Pre-apical foveae absent ( Fig. 203 View Figs ).
15 (16) Lateral pronotal stria present ( Fig. 198 View Figs ); protibia with two large triangular teeth topped with large triangular denticle, followed by one short and one almost invisible denticle; carinal prosternal striae absent; prosternal process setose ( Fig. 203 View Figs ); underside of body with short setae. ........................................... Ammostyphrus Reichardt, 1924 View in CoL
16 (15) Lateral pronotal stria absent ( Fig. 282 View Figs ).
17 (18) Pronotum except for a row of punctures along hind margin and elytra almost impunctate; cuticle never metallic; elytra often with red macula; prosternal process compressed, knife-like ( Fig. 287 View Figs ); carinal prosternal striae present only on prosternal apophysis; ventral surface of protibia with numerous denticles ( Fig. 290 View Figs ); outer margin of metatibia with at least four rows of denticles. .... Eopachylopus Reichardt, 1926 View in CoL
18 (17) Pronotum almost always punctate, at least laterally or in antero-lateral angles; hind tibia on outer margin with no more than two rows of denticles; elytra punctate at least on its apical third; prosternal process never knife-like, surface between carinal prosternal striae usually flat or slightly convex, only rarely somewhat concave.
19 (28) Anterior margin of clypeus not elevated; frontal stria usually interrupted, rarely complete; eyes in most species convex, well visible from above.
20 (21) Body very small for the subfamily (1.40–1.95 mm long), not metallic; protibia without teeth, outer margin with short denticles; 8 th sternite of males sickle-shaped ( Fig. 482 View Figs ). ....................................................... Microsaprinus Kryzhanovskij, 1976 View in CoL
21 (20) Body usually larger than 2.00 mm, often metallic; outer margin of protibia usually with teeth topped with denticles; 8 th sternite of males never sickle-shaped.
22 (27) Prosternal process setose ( Fig. 685 View Figs ); underside of body setose.
23 (24) Both sets of prosternal striae rudimentary, carinal prosternal striae present only on prosternal apophysis, frontal stria complete. ............................................................. ............................................................. Neopachylopus pakistanicus Lackner, 2001 View in CoL
24 (23) Prosternal striae not rudimentary, both sets well developed, frontal stria often interrupted medially.
25 (26) Prosternal process somewhat concave, lateral prosternal striae widely ‘open’ anteriorly ( Fig. 685 View Figs ); frontal disc smooth; tarsal claws long, slightly bent; underside of body with setae. .................................................................. Styphrus Motschulsky, 1845 View in CoL
26 (25) Prosternal process flattened; lateral prosternal striae strongly convergent anteriorly, merging in front of merged carinal prosternal striae; frontal disc densely punctate; tarsal claws shortened, bent. .......................... Paravolvulus syphax ( Reitter, 1904) View in CoL
27 (22) Prosternal process in most cases asetose; underside of body normally without setae 1). ............................................................................... Saprinus Erichson, 1834 View in CoL
28 (19) Anterior margin of clypeus elevated ( Fig. 750 View Figs ); frontal stria complete, slightly carinate anteriorly; eyes flattened, but visible from above. .............. Zorius Reichardt, 1932 View in CoL
29 (14) Pre-apical foveae present ( Fig. 719 View Figs ) 2).
30 (33) Prosternal process compressed, knife-like ( Fig. 253 View Figs ).
31 (32) Carinal prosternal striae absent ( Fig. 253 View Figs ); cuticle entirely castaneous brown. ........ ............................................................................................. Chivaenius Olexa, 1980 View in CoL
32 (31) Carinal prosternal striae present, approximate; pronotum black, elytra rufous. ........ ........................................................................... Neopachylopus secqi Kanaar, 1998 View in CoL
33 (30) Prosternal process differently shaped, not knife-like.
34 (35) Frontal disc smooth; elytral epipleuron setose; dorsal elytral striae almost reaching elytral apex; outer margin of protibia with three large teeth, topped with short denticle, followed by five short denticles ( Fig. 720 View Figs ). .............. Xenonychus Wollaston, 1864 View in CoL
35 (34) Frontal disc never completely smooth; elytral epipleuron almost always glabrous (setose only in Alienocacculus Kanaar, 2008 View in CoL ); dorsal elytral striae usually terminating before apical fifth, often shorter.
1) Some desert or semi-desert species of Saprinus View in CoL may possess setae on underside of their bodies.
2) Several species of the genus Pholioxenus View in CoL , or even some specimens of the species Chivaenius kryzhanovskii View in CoL may have minuscule, or even absent pre-apical foveae, but in those cases the frontal stria is always well impressed and complete. Species Hypocacculus (Colpellus) solieri ( Marseul, 1862) View in CoL does not posses pre-apical foveae, but likewise the frontal stria of this species is complete.
36 (41) Frontal disc with several, usually one or two, deep or carinate rugae ( Fig. 342 View Figs ), sometimes with numerous deep rugae, but in that case elytra usually with very coarse and dense punctures; frontal stria always strongly carinate ( Fig. 342 View Figs ), usually straight.
37 (38) Underside of body with short setae; protibia usually with two to four teeth, topped with short denticle ( Fig. 348 View Figs ); rugae on frontal disc prominent ( Fig. 342 View Figs ). .............. ...................................................................................... Exaesiopus Reichardt, 1932 View in CoL
38 (37) Underside of body without setae, at most with extremely short setae on lateral disc of metaventrite or metepisternum.
39 (40) Pronotum almost smooth, at most with fine punctation in antero-lateral corners. .... ........................................ Hypocaccus View in CoL , subgenus Baeckmanniolus Reichardt, 1932
40 (39) Pronotum always with punctation, at least laterally. ................................................. ........................................... Hypocaccus View in CoL , subgenus Hypocaccus C. Thomson, 1867 View in CoL
41 (36) Frontal disc with variously coarse or dense punctation, but never smooth and never with several deep rugae.
42 (43) Protibia without typical articulated teeth, outer margin ( Fig. 618 View Figs ) with numerous (10–12) short denticles; clypeus rugulose-lacunose ( Fig. 615 View Figs ); major part of frontal disc densely punctate but not rugulose-lacunose; body cylindrical or sub-cylindrical, small (PEL = 1.50–1.85 mm); metatibia very slender. .............................................. ............................................................................... Saprinillus Kryzhanovskij, 1974 View in CoL
43 (42) Protibia with typical articulated teeth topped with denticle; body oval or roundly oval, never cylindrical, usually larger (PEL usually larger than 1.70 mm).
44 (47) Antennal scape strongly thickened ( Fig. 184 View Figs ).
45 (46) Antennal scape resembling a trapezoid, furnished with long strongly sclerotized setae; elytral epipleuron setose ( Fig. 185 View Figs ). ......................... Alienocacculus Kanaar, 2008 View in CoL
46 (45) Antennal scape strongly thickened, resembling a triangle with broadly rounded apex, with variously long setae; elytral epipleuron asetose. ............................................... ......................................................................... Dahlgrenius Penati & Vienna, 1996 View in CoL
47 (44) Antennal scape not particularly thickened.
48 (51) Frontal disc rugulose-lacunose and densely punctate; frontal stria usually interrupted, rarely complete.
49 (50) Frontal stria shortly interrupted ( Fig. 596 View Figs ); metatibia thickened and dilated; protibia with two large teeth, topped with triangular denticle, followed by single low tooth topped with short denticle ( Fig. 603 View Figs ). ............ Reichardtiolus Kryzhanovskij, 1959 View in CoL
50 (49) Frontal stria widely interrupted medially; metatibia not particularly thickened or dilated; protibia with three large teeth topped with short denticle, followed by two very low teeth topped with minuscule denticle ( Fig. 217 View Figs ). ........................................ ................................................................................... Axelinus Kryzhanovskij, 1976 View in CoL
51 (48) Frontal disc with variously coarse or dense punctation but never rugulose-lacunose; frontal stria usually complete.
52 (53) Frontal stria largely interrupted and prolonged onto clypeus; carinal prosternal striae divergent anteriorly, open; lateral prosternal striae straight, terminating in deep preapical foveae ( Fig. 648 View Figs ). ............................................................................................ .......................................... Saprinus View in CoL , subgenus Hemisaprinus Kryzhanovskij, 1976 View in CoL
53 (52) Frontal stria in most cases complete, only occasionally interrupted, at times prolonged onto clypeus; clypeus sometimes depressed; carinal prosternal striae almost always convergent apically, often united in front.
54 (55) Pronotum often with pronotal foveae, if devoid of them then frontal stria prolonged onto clypeus and body metallic; clypeus and anterior part of frontal disc sometimes depressed. ................................................................ Chalcionellus Reichardt, 1932 View in CoL
55 (54) Pronotum without pronotal foveae, frontal stria usually complete.
56 (57) Pronotum only slightly convex, with both lateral margins visible along their entire length in dorsal view; pre-apical foveae usually very small, sometimes absent; protibia dilated, outer margin with 4–6 short broad teeth, topped with slender short denticle ( Fig. 585 View Figs ); metatarsus rather long; cuticle often imbricate; eyes markedly convex. ..................................................................................... Pholioxenus Reichardt, 1932 View in CoL
57 (56) Pronotum rather convex, with lateral margins not simultaneously visible along their entire length in dorsal view; pre-apical foveae usually larger and well developed; metatarsi moderately long; cuticle usually not imbricate, eyes usually flattened, as a rule not very convex.
58 (59) Frontal stria usually complete, medially uninterrupted; pronotum never with lateral pronotal stria; cuticle often metallic; elytra never with red maculae; protibia moderately dilated, outer margin with 6–15 low teeth, topped with short denticle getting progressively smaller in proximal direction. .......... Hypocacculus Bickhardt, 1914 View in CoL
59 (58) Frontal stria usually interrupted medially; pronotum often with lateral pronotal stria; cuticle usually not metallic; elytra often reddish or with red macula; frontal disc often with rather coarse and dense punctation. ................. Paravolvulus Reichardt, 1932 View in CoL
60 (13) Labrum always smooth, substantially flattened with shallow median depression, labral pits absent; underside of body strongly convex, with long setae; eyes flattened, invisible from above ( Fig. 269 View Figs ); protarsi either rudimentary, reduced or absent ( Fig. 551 View Figs ).
61 (62) Outer margin of protibia with numerous long movable denticles ( Fig. 274 View Figs ); metatibia dilated as a whole; elytral epipleuron setose. ............................................................. ......................................................................... Ctenophilothis Kryzhanovskij, 1987 View in CoL
62 (61) Outer margin of protibia with two large distal teeth, topped with minuscule denticle ( Fig. 551 View Figs ); elytral epipleuron glabrous; outer margin of metatibia with two strongly divergent rows of denticles, one of the rows markedly shifted away from outer margin and observable only from ventral view. .......................... Philothis Reichardt, 1930 View in CoL
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
|
Phylum |
|
Class |
|
Order |
|
Family |
|
SubFamily |
Saprininae |