Kalophrynus heterochirus Boulenger, 1900

Zug, George R., 2015, Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (5), pp. 135-190 : 159-160

Kalophrynus heterochirus Boulenger, 1900 Short-fingered Sticky Frog

Calophrynus heterochirus Boulenger, 1900 , Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London 1900:186 [type locality: “Borneo (no precise locality)”].

TYPE MATERIAL.— HOLOTYPE: Sarawak Museum according to the original description. Park- er (1934) reported BMNH 1909.8.18. 6–7 (now 1947.2.11. 38–41) as syntypes; see Comments.

DEFINITION.— Small to medium size, adult females 30.5–32. 9 mm SVL (n = 6), adult males 24.1–27. 2 mm SVL (n = 10); head moderately long NA % HeadL/ SVL; head slightly wider than long NA % HeadW/HeadL; naris closer to snout than to eye NA % NarEye/SnEye; eye moderately large NA % EyeD/HeadL; tympanum visible and smaller than eye ~50 % Tymp/EyeD; slender forelimb NA % Forarm/ SVL and forearm to crus length NA % Forarm/CrusL; hindlimb moderately slender NA % HndlL/ SVL, NA % CrusL/ SVL, and NA % CrusL/ThghL; hindfoot well developed NA % HndfL/CrusL.

Vomerine teeth presence or absence not reported; vomerine fold transverse interrupted medially, morphology of others not reported; tongue large and ovate.

Fingers not webbed; lengths 3>2>1>4, fourth nub-like; tips rounded and not dilated; subarticular tubercles present, shape and numbers on digits not reported; fleshy palmar tubercle, size and shape not reported. Toes one-third webbed, web extending to distal subarticular tubercle of toe 3, lengths 4>3>5>2>1; tips rounded, not dilated; subarticular tubercles present, number and shapes not reported, except none of fifth; inner and outer metatarsal tubercles poorly developed.

Color in life, dorsum purplish brown and largely immaculate, no inguinal ocelli, rather one or more bluish white spots; narrow white stripe extending from canthus rostralis above eye and typmpanum diagonally to mid inguina; venter whitish immaculate or variously dusky on throat and anterior chest.

ETYMOLOGY.— Boulenger did not explain his selection of heterochirus . The Greek heteros for other or different and cheir for hand, i.e., different hand, likely to highlight the small, nub-like fourth finger of this species.

DISTRIBUTION.— Borneo. Inger (1966) reports it from western Sarawak and northeastern West Kalimantan.

NATURAL HISTORY.— All K. heterochirus have been found on the floor of hilly primary forest.

COMMENTS.— Preceding information extracted from Boulenger (1900), Smith (1922), and Inger (1966). Parker’s (1934) listing of syntypes in The Natural History Museum, London (= BMNH) is in error. Boulenger (1900) specifically stated “Type in Sarawak Museum.” thereby indicating only a single type. Additionally, no one has demonstrated that the type and other specimens were transferred from Sarawak to London.

Kalophrynus honbaensis Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva, and Poyarkov, 2014 Hon Bao Sticky Frog

Kalophrynus honbaensis Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva, and Poyarkov, 2014, Zootaxa 3769(3):422 [type locality: “vicinity of the Yersin station on Hon Ba Mountain, Hon Ba Nature Reserve, Cam Lam District, Khanh Hoa Province, Vietnam (coordinates 12°07´16˝N, 108°56´55˝E, elevation 1500 m a.s.l.)”] .

TYPE MATERIAL.— HOLOTYPE: Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow University ( ZMMU) A-4941 . PARATYPE: ZMMU A-4943 .

DEFINITION.— Small to medium size, adult males 26.7– 36. 8 mm SVL (n = 2); head moderately long 30–32 % HeadL/ SVL; head wider than long 122–129 % HeadW/HeadL; naris closer to snout than to eye 62–71 % NarEye/SnEye; eye moderately large 34–37 % EyeD/HeadL; tympanum visible and smaller than eye 76–78 % Tymp/EyeD; slender moderately long forelimb NA % Forarm/ SVL and forearm to crus length NA % Forarm/CrusL; hindlimb slender, moderately long 129–135 % HndlL/ SVL, 39 % CrusL/ SVL, and 95–97 % CrusL/ThghL; hindfoot well developed 86–99 % HndfL/CrusL.

Vomerine teeth absence; three palatal folds, vomerine one indistinct, postorbital small and smooth, buccal continuous and crenulated; tongue with rounded free end. Skin on margin of mandible smooth in males.

Fingers basal webbing; lengths 3>2>4>1; tips rounded and not dilated; subarticular tubercles prominent, round, and one on digits 1, 2, 4, and two on 3; one small oval palmar tubercle on outer half of palm, bordered distally by four small, round tubercles; smooth nuptial excrescences on base of fingers 2 and 3; no nuptial pad on dorsal surface of hand. Toes modestly webbed not extending beyond proximal subarticular tubercles of toe 4, lengths 4>3>5>2>1; tips rounded, slightly dilat- ed; subarticular tubercles moderate, oval and one on digits 1, 2, two on 3, three on 4, two on 5 (only distal one prominent); moderate oval inner and small, round outer metatarsal tubercles.

In life, dorsum orangish yellow and immaculate, except for inguinal spot; body; dark brown laterally from snout through loris above tympanum onto trunk narrowing at midtrunk and ending before inguina; ventrolaterally fading to yellowish pink of venter; small round, black inguinal spot with faint light border; venter pale yellowish-pink, chin to mid chest dusky, belly largely immaculate.

ETYMOLOGY.— The specific name derives from its presence in the Hon Ba Mountains.

DISTRIBUTION.— Vietnam. Known only from the type locality .

NATURAL HISTORY.— Kalophrynus honbaensis was found on the ground in a small patch of montane evergreen forest.

COMMENTS.— Preceding information extracted from Vassilieva et al. (2014).