Kalophrynus calciphilus Dehling, 2011 Limestone Sticky Frog

Zug, George R., 2015, Morphology and Systematics of Kalophrynus interlineatus-pleurostigma Populations (Anura: Microhylidae: Kalophryninae) and a Taxonomy of the Genus Kalophrynus Tschudi, Asian Sticky Frogs, Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 62 (5), pp. 135-190 : 157-158

Kalophrynus calciphilus Dehling, 2011 Limestone Sticky Frog

Kalophrynus calciphilus Dehling, 2011, Zootaxa 2737:51 [type locality: “close to the northern entrance of Gua Bulansusu ( Moonmilk Cave) on Batu Bungan, ca. 200 m a.s.l., Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, Malaysia ”] .

TYPE MATERIAL.— HOLOTYPE: Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern 1056261 . PARATYPES: BMNH 1978 .1611–1615, FMNH 171777, NMBE 1056262–263. All by original designation.

DEFINITION.— Small, adult females 35.5–38. 8 mm SVL (n = 2), adult males 29.7–30. 1 mm SVL (n = 2); head moderately long 31 % HeadL/ SVL; head wider than long 119 % HeadW/HeadL; naris closer to snout than to eye NA % NarEye/SnEye; eye moderately large 38 % EyeD/HeadL; tympanum visible and distinctly smaller than eye 54 % Tymp/EyeD; slender moderately long forelimb NA % Forarm/ SVL and forearm to crus length NA % Forarm/CrusL; hindlimb slender and long 183 % HndlL/ SVL, 43 % CrusL/ SVL, and 96 % CrusL/ThghL; hindfoot well developed 84 % HndfL/CrusL. Proportions from holotype only .

Vomerine teeth absence; vomerine fold paired and crenulated, condition of other palatal fold morphology not reported; tongue broad and not bifurcated. Adult males with series of spiny tubercles on rear half of mandible.

Fingers with slight basal web; lengths 3>2>1>4; tips rounded and not dilated; subarticular tubercles distinct, round, and one on digits 1, 2, 4, and two on 3; one large palmar tubercle on outer half of palm, bordered distally by four small, round tubercles. No nuptial pad or asperities present. Toes modestly webbed not extending to proximal subarticular tubercle of toe 4, lengths 4>3>5>2>1; tips rounded, slightly dilated; subarticular tubercles large, round and one on digits 1, 2, two on 3, three on 4, none on 5; large, elongate inner and small, round outer metatarsal tubercles.

In life and at night, dorsum and sides of head and body black from tip of snout to end of trunk; narrow white oblique stripe from tip of snout, passing above eye and tympanum to lower inguinal area; venter from chin to anterior belly fading to dusky thereafter; chest and anterior belly with scattered white spots. During day, dorsum and sides lighten to a medium brown.

ETYMOLOGY.— The specific name derives from the Latin calx for limestone and the Latinized Greek suffix philus for “who is attracted to” combined to denote this species affinity to karst forest.

DISTRIBUTION.— Sarawak, Borneo. Known only from the karst forest in Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak.

NATURAL HISTORY.— Kalophrynus calciphilus is a terrestrial species, apparently confined to karst forest. It calls day and night from the entrance of small burrows in the soil and owing to the absent of standing water in the karst forest, it is hypothesized that eggs are laid in these burrows and possibly “guarded” by the male.

COMMENTS.— Preceding information extracted from Dehling (2011).

Kalophrynus cryptophonus Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva, and Poyarkov, 2014 Lam Dong Bamboo Sticky Frog

Kalophrynus cryptophonus Vassilieva, Galoyan, Gogoleva, and Poyarkov, 2014, Zootaxa 3769(3):410 [type locality: “Loc Bao, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam (coordinates 11°44´17˝N, 107°42´25˝E, elevation 800 m a.s.l.)”] .

TYPE MATERIAL.— HOLOTYPE: Zoological Museum of the Lomonosov Moscow University

( ZMMU) A-4944. PARATYPES: ZMMU A-4858–59. Original designations .

DEFINITION.— Small, adult female 23.4 mm SVL (n = 1), adult males 27.9– 30. 4 mm SVL (n = 5); head moderately long 28–32 % HeadL/ SVL; head wider than long 105–122 % HeadW/HeadL; naris closer to snout than to eye 59–68 % NarEye/SnEye; eye moderately large 35–42 % EyeD/HeadL; tympanum visible and smaller than eye 55–77 % Tymp/EyeD; slender moderately long forelimb NA % Forarm/ SVL and forearm to crus length NA % Forarm/CrusL; hindlimb slender and moderate length 129–140 % HndlL/ SVL, 40–43 % CrusL/ SVL, and 89–98 % CrusL/ThghL; hindfoot well developed 77–96 % HndfL/CrusL.

Vomerine teeth absence; three palatal folds, vomerine one continuous, postorbital short and low, buccal continuous and crenulated; tongue rounded free end. Skin on margin of mandible with longitudinal series of short triangular spines in males.

Fingers rudimentary webbing; lengths 3>2>4>1; tips rounded and not dilated; subarticular subarticular tubercles distinct, round, and one on digits 1, 2, 4, and two on 3; one large oval palmar tubercle on outer half of palm, bordered distally by four small, round tubercles; smooth nuptial excrescences on base of fingers 2 and 3; fine-spined asperities dorsally covering fingers 2, 3, and 4 from base to end of penultimate phalanx. Toes modestly webbed not extending beyond proximal subarticular tubercles of toe 4, lengths 4>3>5>2>1; tips rounded, not dilated; subarticular tubercles moderate, oval and one on digits 1, 2, two on 3, three on 4, two on 5 (only distal one prominent); moderate oval inner and small, round outer metatarsal tubercles.

In life, dorsum ranging from dark brown at night to diurnal pinkish beige with faint darker reticulation from between eyes to end of trunk and reverse Y-mark with base on crown and nape and arms extending to rear of trunk; body; narrow, orangish dorsolateral stripe from tip of snout and edge of canthus rostralis above eye running diagonally to mid inguina, bordered below by dark brown that fades ventrolaterally; small round, black inguinal spot, not light edged; venter pale yellowish-pink, chin to mid chest with dark marking, belly largely immaculate.

ETYMOLOGY.— Because this species was only discovered by the males’ vocalization from hollow bamboo stems, the authors highlight this behavior with Greek cryptos for hidden or mystery and phonus, voice, thus hidden voice.

DISTRIBUTION.— Vietnam. Kalophrynus cryptophonus is known only from the vicinity of the type locality .

NATURAL HISTORY.— This sticky frog lives in a mid-montane evergreen tropical forest (secondary) with abundant bamboo clumps. It was discovered in mid April by the males’ vocalization from inside cut bamboo stems. The water inside the bamboo stems serve as egg-deposition and larval development sites (phytotelm breeding).

COMMENTS.— Preceding information extracted from the original description by Vassilieva and colleagues (2014).