Hendersonaspis Normark, 2019

Normark, Benjamin B., Okusu, Akiko, Morse, Geoffrey E., Peterson, Daniel A., Itioka, Takao & Schneider, Scott A., 2019, Phylogeny and classification of armored scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Diaspididae), Zootaxa 4616 (1), pp. 1-98 : 86-90

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4616.1.1

publication LSID

lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B9DFBC9-2BA8-4619-8F70-E372DCBD7411

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/038487C6-8720-9645-A2A1-FE47EEA4FCF3

treatment provided by

Plazi

scientific name

Hendersonaspis Normark
status

gen. nov.

Hendersonaspis Normark , gen. n.

Type species: Protodiaspis anomala Green 1915 . Type depository: BMNH ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ). Syntypes examined.

Additional species: None.

Type material examined: BMNH. 12 slides with a total of 19 AF, 23 2F, 2 CR. left label: " AUSTRALIA / S. Morang, Dixon / On Acacia sp. / Coll. C. French / 109 / BM 1940 , 180 ." (7 slides; 8th slide the same but last line " BM 1953.754 "). Right label: " Ancepaspis / anomala Green / Type material / Mounted from Green / collection 5/ iv/54 / D. J. Williams, det. " (5 slides) or " Ancepaspis / anomala Green / Second stage [female] / Type material / D. J. Williams " (3 slides). One slide with oval label "Co-type" and other label " Protodiaspis / anomala / Green / on Acacia / S Morang, Dixon. / Australia / Coll. C. French, No. 109"; another slide identically labelled but first label circular, reading " TYPE ", and second label with "(TYPE)" inserted before "Green"; 2 other slides labelled identically to these but without the first label with "(nymphal pellicles" inserted on a separate line after "Green". NMNH ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ). 10 slides with a total of 8 AF, 1 2F, 4 2M, 8 CR, 1 male pre-pupa, 2 male pupae, and 1 AM. All 10 slides with left label " Ancepaspis anomala / (Green) / [Type Mat.] / [On Acacia sp. / Australia / Ex Coll. E.E.G.] / Stickney Coll. Rec'd 1937", and right labels having various pencilled notes.

Additional material examined. NMNH. Australia: Canberra : CSIRO, on Acacia decurrens ; 22.viii.1972, coll. L.M. Russell, J. Banks (1 slide with a total of 3 2F) . UMEC ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ). Australia: Queensland, 28.4988˚S, 150.5662˚E, 30.v.2007, ex Acacia harpophylla , coll. J.C. Andersen , B.B.N. (D2059 AD) . Australia: Queensland, 28.0145˚S, 150.334˚E, 31.v.2007, ex A. harpophylla , coll. J.C. Andersen , B.B.N. (D2089A). Australia: New South Wales, 28.9901˚S, 152.068˚E, 2.vi.2007, ex Acacia sp., coll. J.C. Andersen , B.B.N. (D2111B). Australia: Queensland, 27.7297˚S, 150.350˚E, 31.v.2007, ex A. harpophylla , coll. J.C. Andersen , B.B.N. (D2131A). Australia: Queensland, 27.6172˚S, 150.5003˚E, 26.vii.2014, ex A. harpophylla , coll. D.A.P., B.B.N. (D5284IJ, D5285E, D5309I, D5310IJ) . Australia: Queensland, 28.6858˚S, 151.1606˚E, 27.vii.2014, ex Acacia sp., coll. D.A.P., B.B.N. (D5294 AFG).

Description (based on type material at BMNH): AF ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ) pupillarial, remaining enclosed in the cuticle of 2F; body membranous, widest at metathorax; anus at anterior end of pygidium; postanal portion of pygidial dorsum heart-shaped, acute posteriorly, with single pair of appressed, lightly sclerotized or membranous lobes; 1 pair of intermediate marginal ducts opening at bases of lobes; 2 additional pairs of intermediate marginal ducts present on segment 7; no other ducts apparent on pygidium. With a few 5-locular pores present near each anterior spiracle; posterior spiracles without associated pores. With clusters of ventral ducts on thorax, on either side of mouthparts. Antenna with 1 stout, short seta. 2F ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 ) without pygidial appendages, broadest in thoracic region, progressively narrowing posteriorly; cuticle eventually forming sclerotized puparium with "caudal valve" ( Stickney, 1934), a hinged semicircular plate formed from the venter of abdominal segment VIII, "through which the larvae make their escape" (Green, 1915); surface of plate with reticulate pattern submarginally. 2M ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 ) without pygidial appendages, though with serrated, slightly sclerotized areas along pygidial margin resembling rudimentary lobes; with large ducts in segmental rows on both surfaces of abdomen, more abundant and regularly arranged on venter than on dorsum; large ducts also present on ventral submargin of meso- and metathorax; with a cluster of small ventral ducts laterad of mouthparts.

Diagnosis: Although the adult female has relatively few features, the acute, heart-shaped pygidium is distinctive. Hendersonaspis differs from Ancepaspis in having pores near the anterior spiracle (absent in Ancepaspis ). Stickney (1934) considered the relationship of A. anomala to the American species of Ancepaspis , and concluded that A. anomala was "quite different" from the type and the other American species in numerous characters, including: possessing "typical diaspidid" ducts in all life stages; first-instar nymph with distinct pygidium; different position and segmentation of caudal valve in second-instar female, the valve in A. anomala being entirely ventral and restricted to segment VIII; and male having filiform antennae and well-developed wings ( Stickney, 1934).

Etymology: The name of the genus is formed from Henderson, for the New Zealand entomologist Rosa C. Henderson + aspis, the Greek word for shield. It is a feminine noun. The name honors Henderson's magisterial work on New Zealand Diaspididae , including a major work on New Zealand Leucaspidini tragically left unfinished due to her untimely death in 2012.

Affinities: It is clear from molecular evidence ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ) that Hendersonaspis is a member of the tribe Leucaspidini. Due to the loss of all pygidial appendages, the affinities of the genus are underdetermined by morphological characters. Nonetheless, most of the characters that are present are typical of the tribe Leucaspidini, in particular the 5-locular pores by the anterior spiracle, pupillarial habit, elongate body shape, and ventral duct clusters laterad of the mouthparts.

Remarks: Green described the type species, H. anomala , placing it in the genus Protodiaspis . Ferris (1920) moved the species to a new genus, Ancepaspis , typified by A. tridentata Ferris of the arid southwest U.S. and northwest Mexico. The genus Ancepaspis , so defined, had an unusual geographic distribution, occurring in western North America, eastern Australia, and nowhere else. Our results ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ) show that H. anomala is nested within the tribe Leucaspidini, sister to the New Zealand Leucaspidini, and phylogenetically distant from a strictly New- World Ancepaspidinae.

NMNH

Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History

AM

Australian Museum

CSIRO

Australian National Fish Collection

UMEC

University of Massachusetts

AD

State Herbarium of South Australia

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Arthropoda

Class

Insecta

Order

Hemiptera

Family

Diaspididae

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