Olivancillaria auricularia ( Lamarck, 1811 )

O, Va L E R I A T E S & Pastorino, Guido, 2011, A revision of the genus Olivancillaria (Mollusca: Olividae) from the southwestern Atlantic, Zootaxa 2889, pp. 1-34 : 13-15

Olivancillaria auricularia ( Lamarck, 1811)

Figures 6 F–H; 7C–F, H–I

Oliva auricularia Lamarck, 1811: 323 ; Deshayes & M. Edwards 1844: 625; Chenu 1845: 30 –31, pl. 31, figs. 7, 11–12 (non figs. 4–6), (non pl. 35, figs. 1–2); Reeve 1850, pl. 18, fig. 39; Marrat 1871: 23, pl. 18, fig. 280 (non figs. 283–285).

Oliva patula Sowerby, 1825: 87 , No. 2331; Reeve 1850: pl. 18, fig. 39.

Scaphula patula . Swainson 1840: 322, fig. 87b.

Lintricula auricularia . Lange de Morretes 1949: 100.

Claneophila gibbosa Gray 1858: 48 (non Born, 1778).

Oliva (Olivancillaria) auricularia . Tryon 1883: 90 –91, pl. 36, fig. 91 (non figs. 92–94).

Olivancillaria (Lentricula) (sic) auricularia . Carcelles 1944: 259, pl. 5, fig.46; Camacho 1975: 357.

Olivancillaria auricularia . Barattini & Ureta 1961: 127, pl. 37; Castellanos & Fernández 1964: 98; Thomé 1966: 167; Olivier & Penchaszadeh 1968: 6; Castellanos 1970: 118, pl. 9, fig. 1; Olivier et al. 1971: 31; Penchaszadeh & Olivier 1975: 137; Boffi 1979: 26; Calvo 1987: 162, fig. 141; Aguirre 1991: 164; Borzone 1995: 50 –51; Penchaszadeh 2004: 259, fig. 12.

Olivancillaria vesica auricularia . Klappenbach 1966: 76 –77; Figueiras 1967: 66; Sicardi 1967: 57; Rios 1970: 101, pl. 31; Figueiras & Sicardi 1973: 260 –261, pl. 14, fig. 187; Rios 1975: 11, pl. 33, fig. 470; Scarabino 1977: 190; Rios 1985: 110, pl. 38, fig. 489; Abbott & Dance 1986: 194; Defeo et al. 1992: 833 –834; Jaramillo 1994: 231; Rios 1994: 142, pl. 46, fig. 612; Brazeiro & Defeo 1996: 529; Defeo et al. 1996: 14; Riestra et al. 1996: 2; Borzone & Vargas 1999: 57; Gil & Thomé 2001: 153 –154; Rocha-Barreira 2002: 83–89; 2003a: 107–116; 2003b: 29–35, fig. 2a, b; Thomé et al. 2004: 58, No. 50; Rios 2009: 270, No. 669.

Olivancillaria vesica . Scarabino 2004: 323; Clavijo et al. 2005: 389; Scarabino et al. 2006: 146 (non Gmelin, 1791).

Diagnosis. Shell large (up to 57 mm), thick, oval; apex always covered by callus; spire short, columellar callus, large, prominent, covering columellar folds; aperture very wide, elongated; shell grey with axial lines; fasciolar band light brown.

Description. Shell oval, glossy, solid, the thickest (~2.3 mm); protoconch of 1 1/2 whorls, completely covered by columellar callus; transition to teleoconch indistinct; spire short, apex not visible; suture channel covered, except last whorl; anterior part of the callus covering columella folds; aperture very wide, elongated, 5/6 of total shell length; outer lip sharp and curved; posterior part of columella slightly convex and smooth, 1–6 anterior oblique folds always present; externally to those folds, 1–3 larger folds, parallel to columellar edge; fasciolar band well defined, light brown with axial bands, posterior groove deep; siphonal channel deep ( Figures 6 F–H).

Shell ultrastructure: about half the thickness is in middle layer (of crossed-lamellar crystals of aragonite); the outer layer (of amorphous calcite) and innermost layer (of prismatic crystals of aragonite) are thinner ( Figure 7 D).

Radula ( Figure 7 C) similar to O. urceus but rachidian lateral cusp with one or two denticles on each side.

Color of living specimens uniform white, sometimes gray. Penis ( Figure 7 F) as in O. urceus but with rounded tip, siphon large with numerous branched papillae in the distal tip as in O. urceus ( Figure 7 E).

Egg capsules circular, flattened with the attached surface asymmetric ( Figures 7 H–I). Large operculum defined by a groove covering the whole capsule. A single embryo per capsule. The walls of the capsule are as in O. vesica . Capsules were usually attached to shell fragments ( Borzone 1995, Rocha-Barreira 2002).

Distribution. Maricá (22°55’S; 42°49’W), Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil to Villarino (42°25’S; 64°31’W), Río Negro province, Argentina in 0–26 m depth.

Type material. [ O. auricularia ] lost (Heros, pers. comm. and Finet, pers. comm.), it is not at MNHN nor at MHNG where most of Lamarck’s material is housed; [ Oliva patula ] lost as it is not at NHMUK with the rest of Sowerby’s material (Way, pers. comm.). In order to clarify the taxonomic status of Olivancillaria auricularia we designate the specimen MACN-In 38160, illustrated here ( Figures 6 F–H) as neotype according to article 75.3.1–7 with type locality Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

Type locality. [ O. auricularia ] and [ Oliva patula ] Brazil.

Other material examined. Brazil. Maricá, Rio de Janeiro (RJ): MNRJ 1164, 1165, 8590; Cabo Frio, RJ: MORG 34052, MNRJ 904, 1969, 2005, 6447; Arraial do Cabo, RJ: MNRJ 2388, 2389, 6907, 11700; Saquarema, RJ: MNRJ 5891, 5906, 6247, 6248, 6249, 12136; Niterói, RJ: MNRJ 5704, 5705; Jurujuba, RJ: MNRJ 278, 279; Praia de Grumari, RJ: MNRJ 1888, 1891, 2391, 2748, 6459; Ilha da Marambaia, RJ: MNRJ 865; Ubatuba, São Paulo ( SP): MZUSP 51200; Caraguatatuba, SP: MNRJ 11640; Santos, SP: MORG 13590 (intertidal), MNRJ 11652, 11683, 11699, Peruíbe, SP: MNRJ 2180; SP: MACN-In 0 2974, MORG 46884 (10–15 m); Paranaguá, PR (Paraná): MORG 5178, MZUSP 51021; Piçarras, Santa Catarina (SC): MORG 46727, 50221, 50222, 50223, 50224; Camboriú, SC: MZUSP 33316; Itapema, SC: MORG 18133; Florianópolis, SC: NMR 60529; Bombinhas, SC: MORG 47714; Campeche, SC: MORG 31292 (intertidal), 31534 (10 m); Pântano do Sul, SC: MORG 1547; Laguna, SC: MORG 30544, 47903, MNRJ 2390, MZUSP 32064; Garopaba, SC: MORG 31302; Imbituba, SC: MORG 25082 (intertidal); SC: MNHNM 9130; Torres, Rio Grande do Sul (RS): MORG 8407, 13765, 39230, MZUSP 33315; Arroio do Sal, RS: MORG 43048; Capão da Canoa, RS: MNHNM 7890, 9555, MORG 12999 (intertidal), 43049, MNRJ 4866; Osorio, RS: MORG 43047; Tramandaí, RS: MORG 6859 (intertidal), 24752, 25569, MZUSP 33530, MNRJ 6096, 7104; Mostardas, RS: MORG 26318 (26 m).;São José do Norte, RS: MNRJ 773, 775; Rio Grande, RS: MORG 3125, 3464, 8010, 9399, 9856, 11171, 12921, 15668 (intertidal), 22422, 26357 (intertidal), 46684, 47779; Cassino, RS: MACN-In 38160, MNHNM 3648, 9152, MORG 6, 9531, 21827 (intertidal), 32740 (intertidal), 45049, MZUSP 54479, MNRJ 8973, 9050; Chuí, RS: MNHNM 9145, MORG 3796, 4530, 5345, 7743, 8534, 8887, 9291, 9370, 10577, 11177 (intertidal), 14020, MNRJ 8539. Uruguay. Chuy, Rocha: MNHNM 9119, 9147, 10924, MNRJ 6915; La Coronilla, Rocha: MNHNM 281, 1091, 4285, 9110, 9117, 9118, 9123, 9124, 9127, 9132, 9133, 9136, 9138, 9139, 9143, 9149, 9151, 9153, 9156, 14196, 14261, MORG 16236 (intertidal), 19069 (intertidal), MLP 4334-3, 5229, 9583, 27146, MNRJ 1218; Cabo Polonio, Rocha: MNHNM 9128, MLP 5248; La Paloma, Rocha: MACN-In 15153, 15296, 15311, MNHNM 673, 4415, 9045, 9125, 9126, 9129, 9134, MORG 136, 9502 (intertidal), 9847, 32604 (intertidal); Punta del Este, Maldonado: MACN-In 11074, MNHNM 2095, 3865, 9135, MORG 11197. Argentina. Punta Rasa, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 16302, 35962; San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, MNRJ 9134; Mar de Ajó, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 7781, MNHNM 9142 (10 m), MLP 3640, 27150; Pinamar, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 30866; Villa Gesell, Buenos Aires: MNHNM 9150; Mar Chiquita: Buenos Aires: MNHNM 9589, 9591; Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 10297, 11517, 11996, 12220, 12222-001, 16686, 20413, 35976, MNHNM 9146, MLP 427, 3090, MNRJ 6909; Miramar, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 09252-004; Quequén, Buenos Aires: MLP 2148; Necochea, Buenos Aires: MLP 3917, 3930; Monte Hermoso, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 6619-039, 11246-001, 11249, 14810, 35392, MLP 1412-2, 1416, 2066-1, 3020; Claromecó, Buenos Aires: MNHNM 9120; Pehuencó, Buenos Aires: MLP 3916-2; Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires: MACN-In 11248; Villarino, Río Negro: MACN-In 13144, MLP 488-2.

Remarks. Klappenbach (1966) suggested that O. auricularia and O. vesica should be treated as subspecies based on their distribution. In fact this was followed by most subsequent authors (i.e. Figueiras 1967, Sicardi 1967, and Rios 1970). Scarabino (2004) questioned this suggestion and proposed the probable existence of latitudinal variation, using the name O. vesica for both species. The distribution of O. auricularia and O. vesica overlaps between Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state and Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state so the concept of subspecies is inapplicable here. They differ in the morphology of siphon, shape, color and thickness of shell. The egg capsules are also distinct ( Borzone & Vargas 1991, Borzone 1995). In addition, O. auricularia and O. vesica are clearly separated in the CVA ( Figure 3 ) and have differences in centroid size (Tukey tests P <0.01, Table 1 ) confirming, also statistically, that they are two distinct species.

The type material of Oliva patula Sowerby, 1825 , was not found at the NHMUK, however, Swainson´s illustration (1840: 332, fig. 87b) is good enough to be recognized as a synonym.

Gray cited C. gibbosa erroneously from West Africa; he was actually referring to O. auricularia . Similarly, his C. auricularia appears to be O. vesica . In addition, his Claneophila gibbosa is not Voluta gibbosa Born, 1778 as also reported by Melvill (1904).

Figures

FIGURE 3. Results of canonical variates analysis of all Olivancillaria species on the first two axes.

FIGURE 6. A – C, holotype of Oliva aquatilis Reeve, 1850, NHMUK 1892.9. 24.20, from Brazil; D – E, neotype of Olivancillaria vesica (Gmelin, 1791) MNRJ 18.979, from Maricá, Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil; F – H, neotype of Olivancillaria auricularia (Lamarck, 1811) MACN-In 38160 from Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 7. A – B, Olivancillaria vesica. A, radula frontal view, scale bar = 100 µm; B, ultrastructure of the shell, scale bar = 200 µm. C – F, Olivancillaria auricularia. C, radula frontal view, scale bar = 100 µm; D, ultrastructure of the shell, scale bar = 500 µm; E, siphon with numerous branched papillae in the distal tip; F, penis; scale bar for E and F = 1 mm. G, O. vesica, siphon with few papillae of the same size, scale bar = 1 mm. H – I, O. auricularia, egg capsules from Cassino, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil, scale bar = 500 µm. ol: outer layer; ml: middle layer; il: innermost layer.