Scrupocellaria ellisi, Vieira, Leandro M. & Spencer, Mary E., 2012

Vieira, Leandro M. & Spencer, Mary E., 2012, The identity of Sertularia reptans Linnaeus, 1758 (Bryozoa, Candidae), Zootaxa 3563, pp. 26-42 : 34-38

Scrupocellaria ellisi n. sp.

( Figs 4 , 18–23 , 25, 27 )

Cellularia reptans: Pallas 1766: 73 . [European sea]

Not Sertularia reptans Linnaeus, 1758: 815 ; 1767: 1315. [Oceano]? Sertularia reptans: Fabricius 1780: 445 . [ Greenland]

? Sertularia reptans: Olivi 1792: 290 . [Adriatic]

? Sertularia reptans: Turton 1807: 217 . [British coast]

? Canda reptans: Gosse 1856: 11 , fig. 12. [British coast] Crisia reptans: Lamouroux 1816: 140 . [European sea]

Cellaria reptans: Lamarck 1816: 141 . [European sea]

Cellaria reptans: Bertoloni 1819: 272 . [ Italy]

Crisia reptans: Lamouroux 1824a: 60 . [European sea]

Crisia reptans: Lamouroux 1824b: 225 . [European sea]

? Crisia reptans: Risso 1826: 3185 . [European sea]

? Cellularia reptans: Fleming 1828: 540 . [British coast]? Cellularia reptans: Bosc 1830: 132 . [European sea]

Cellaria reptans: Lamarck 1836: 191 . [European sea]

Cellularia reptans: Johnston 1838a: 291 , pl. 38, fig. 3–4. [British coast] Cellaria reptans: Johnston 1838b: 262 . [British coast]

? Cellularia reptans: Hassall 1840: 72 . [ Ireland]

? Cellularia reptans: Reid 1845: 385 , pl. 12, figs 1–5. [ Scotland] Cellularia reptans: Dalyell 1847: 235 , pl. 45, figs 1–4. [ Scotland] Cellularia reptans: Johnston 1847: 336 , pl. 38, figs 3–4. [British coast] Scrupocellaria reptans: Gray 1848: 112 . [British coast]

? Cellularia reptans: d’Orbigny 1851: 50 . [ France, Fossil] Canda reptans: Busk 1852: 26 , pl. 21, figs 3–4. [British coast]? Cellularia reptans: Landsborough 1852: 339 . [British coast]? Cellularia reptans: Gosse 1853: 435 . [British coast]

Cellularia reptans: Alder 1856: 148 . [British coast]

Cellularia reptans: Smitt 1867: 318 , pl. 17, fig. 37-4. [Scandinavia] Canda reptans: Heller 1867: 87 . [Adriatic]

Scrupocellaria reptans: Hincks 1880: 52 (part), pl. 7, figs 1–6, 7. [British coast] Scrupocellaria reptans: Pennington 1885: 223 , pl. 17, fig. 5. [British coast]? Scrupocellaria reptans: Carus 1889: 5 . [Mediterranean]

Scrupocellaria reptans: Levinsen 1894: 44 , pl. 1, figs 26–31. [ Denmark] Scrupocellaria reptans: Nordgaard 1900: 5 . [ Norway]

Scrupocellaria reptans: Nichols 1907: 82 . [ Ireland]

? Scrupocellaria reptans: Calvet 1907: 374 . [European sea]

? Scrupocellaria reptans: Canu & Bassler 1928: 19 . [ Tunisia]

? Scrupocellaria reptans: Marcus 1940: 173 , fig. 91. [ Denmark]

? Scrupocellaria reptans: Eggleston 1963: 50 . [ Isle of Man]

Scrupocellaria reptans: Ryland 1965: 57 , fig. 28a-c. [European sea] Scrupocellaria reptans: Ryland & Hayward 1977: 135 , fig. 64. [British coast] Scrupocellaria reptans: Hayward 1987: 92 , fig. XI.27. [British coast] Scrupocellaria reptans: Hayward & Ryland 1990: 817 , fig. 14.8. [British coast] Scrupocellaria reptans: Hayward & Ryland 1998: 270 (part), fig. 90A-B. [British coast] Scrupocellaria reptans : de Blauwe 2009: 240, figs 245–246. [ Belgium and Netherlands]

Examined material. Holotype: NHMUK 1911.10.1.353, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Shetland, British Isles. Additional specimens: NHMUK 1812.12.21.386, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Isle of Wight, Mr Waddington; NHMUK 1812.12.21.388, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Birterbuy Bay, Ireland 1874; NHMUK 1812.12.21.389, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Strangford Lough, Ireland; NHMUK 1812.12.27.840A, Canda reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Norway 1878; NHMUK 1842.12.19.2, Scrupocellaria reptans, G. Johnston collection, British coast; NHMUK 1849.1.30.67, Scrupocellaria reptans, W.P. Cocks collection, Falmouth, British Isles; NHMUK 1867.5.7.24, Scrupocellaria reptans, G.D. Westendorp herbarium, Belgium; NHMUK 1868.3.13.2, Canda reptans, Prof. Sven Loven, Skar, Bohuslän , Sweden; NHMUK 1882.2.28.9, Scrupocellaria reptans , [no locality]; NHMUK 1882.7.7.94, Scrupocellaria reptans, Director, Kew , England; NHMUK 1884.12.12.9 (part), Scrupocellaria reptans (part), O. Ridley det., Thanet coast; NHMUK 1885.12.5.22, Scrupocellaria reptans, E.F. Nolte herbarium, Dithmarschen, Germany; NHMUK 1885.12.5.37, Scrupocellaria reptans, E.F. Nolte herbarium, Föhr, Germany; NHMUK 1885.8.24.1, Scrupocellaria reptans, W. Saville Kent collection, Jersey; NHMUK 1886.1.9.4, Scrupocellaria reptans , [no locality]; NHMUK 1889.9.17.3, Scrupocellaria reptans , [no locality]; NHMUK 1890.8.27.2, Scrupocellaria reptans , [no locality]; NHMUK 1890.8.29.2, Canda reptans, G. Busk collection (Kirchenpauer), Helgoland, Germany; NHMUK 1892.2.13.6, Scrupocellaria reptans, John Murray , between Plockton and Loch Arisaig, 8–24 fms; NHMUK 1897.5.1.214–216, Scrupocellaria reptans , [no locality]; NHMUK 1899.5.1.359, Canda reptans, T. Hincks collection, [no locality]; NHMUK 1899.5.1.359, Canda reptans, T. Hincks , collection, Great Britain; NHMUK 1899.7.1.4450, 4551, 4556, 4557, Scrupocellaria reptans , G. B usk collection, [no locality]; NHMUK 1899.7.1.5781, 5783, 1585, Canda reptans, G. Busk collection, Weymouth, British Isles; NHMUK 1911.10.1.351, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, G. Barlee leg.; NHMUK 1911.10.1.352, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Bergen Fjord 1878; NHMUK 1911.10.1.354, Canda reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Adriatic (Prof. Heller); NHMUK 1911.10.1.356, Scrupocellaria reptans, A.M. Norman collection, Guernsey, Channel Islands; NHMUK 1961.8.14.1, Scrupocellaria reptans , [no locality]; NHMUK 1963.3.6.30, Scrupocellaria reptans, C.H. O’Donoghue collection, Lochranza, Isle of Arran, Scotland; NHMUK 2010.12.6.24, Scrupocellaria reptans (part), C.H. O’Donoghue collection, Arisaig, Scotland, British Isles; NHMUK 1963.3.6.37, Scrupocellaria reptans, C.H. O’Donoghue collection, Lochranza, Isle of Arran, British Isles, 1933; NHMUK 1963.3.6.7a, Scrupocellaria reptans (part), C.H. O’Donoghue collection, Gairloch, Scotland; NHMUK 1975.7.18.13, R. Lagaaij leg. et det., [no locality]; NHMUK 1994.3.4.5–6, Scrupocellaria reptans, P. Hayward det., J. Ellis leg., East side of Dun, St. Kilda, July 1993; NHMUK 1994.8.25.3, 8, Scrupocellaria reptans, J.R. Lewis leg. et det., Loch Sween, Argyll, British Isles; NHMUK 2003.6.3.1, Scrupocellaria reptans, K.J. Tilbrook leg. et det., Strandline, Portmeirion, Wales, 10 March 1996; NHMUK 2005.1.14.8, Scrupocellaria reptans , S.M. Turk det., St. Ives, Cornwall, 18 August 1974, P. Renwick leg.; NHMUK 2010.12.6.23, Scrupocellaria reptans, D. Turner herbarium, Scotland; NHMUK 2010.12.6.29–30. Scrupocellaria reptans , Tasmania.

Description. Colony erect, branched, internodes comprising 5–12 zooids. Lateral edge of internode almost straight to slightly curved; chitinous joint passing across gymnocyst and below or slightly overlapping opesia in both outer zooids (C and D) of bifurcation, and across proximal gymnocyst of inner zooids (F and G). Autozooid subelongate, slightly narrower proximally, 0.400– 0.615 mm long, 0.190–0.220 mm wide, with smooth proximal gymnocyst. Opesia oval, occupying distal half (approximately) of zooid, cryptocyst very narrow, inconspicuous. Scutum inserted at midline of inner edge of opesia, branched, occupying almost entire opesial area, slender, flattened, branched 2–3 times, with 8–13 stout projections at distal tips; scutum angled at 115–155°, with first branches about 0.045–0.060 mm wide, secondary branches about 0.035–0.045 mm. Zooid spines as follows: 1 long distal spine, 3 outer spines, 1–2 inner spines; most proximal outer and inner spines directed frontally; axial zooid with 5 distal spines. One distolateral avicularium sometimes present on each zooid, distolaterally directed and obscured by outer distal spines; rostrum triangular, with slightly serrated lateral edge, mandible triangular. A large avicularium present on gymnocyst of some zooids, sometimes robust, rostrum serrated laterally, slightly curved and directed forwards; mandible triangular with hooked tip. A basal vibracular chamber often present proximally on basal surface of each zooid, 0.130–0.140 mm long, 0.100– 0.135 mm wide, rarely conspicuous in frontal view; setal groove directed transversely, straight, with smooth seta longer than one zooid length. A single axial vibraculum. A rhizoidal foramen on proximal outer corner of each basal vibracular chamber, absent in axial vibracula. Rhizoids smooth, attachment disc-like, with some projections at distal end. Ovicell hyperstomial, hemispherical, with 12–18 small rounded pores; 2 outer and 2 inner distal spines in ovicelled zooids.

Remarks. This species was previously recorded by numerous authors as S. reptans . Scrupocellaria ellisi n. sp., named after the British naturalist John Ellis (1714–1776), is distinguished by smooth (not hooked) rhizoids, robust more-branched scuta and ovicells with small rounded pores.

Distribution. Widespread in North Sea, British Channel, Irish Sea, Celtic Sea; Adriatic and Tasmania.

Figures

FIGURES 2 – 5. Different shapes of rhizoids found in Scrupocellaria. 2, closely spaced hooks in rhizoids of Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1758) from Great Britain (NHMUK 1963.3.6.35); 3, well-spaced hooks in rhizoids of Scrupocellaria sp. from Red Sea (NHMUK 1928.3.6.177); 4, smooth-surfaced rhizoids of Scrupocellaria ellisi n. sp. from Scotland (NHMUK 1963.3.6.7 a part); 5, annulated surface of rhizoid in Scrupocellaria cyclostoma Busk, 1852 from Australia (NHMUK 1899.6.1.240).

FIGURES 18 – 23. SEM of Scrupocellaria ellisi n. sp. 18 – 22, NHMUK 1911.10. 1.353, from Shetland, U. K.: 18, part of colony; 19, close-up of branch, with three frontal avicularia in lateral view; 20, bifurcation and ovicelled zooids; 21, close-up of axial zooid with frontal avicularium; 22, basal surface at a bifurcation. 23, colony from Scotland (NHMUK 1963.3.6.7 a), showing smooth-surfaced rhizoids with distal attachment discs.

FIGURES 24 – 27. Comparison between Scrupocellaria reptans (Linnaeus, 1758) (NHMUK 1963.3.6.35) and Scrupocellaria ellisi n. sp. (NHMUK 1963.3.6.7 a). 24 – 25, Close-up of frontal avicularia, of similar size in young colonies of both species, but with a taller base in S. reptans (24) than found in S. ellisi (25); 26 – 27, frontal surface of zooids, showing the slightly slenderer and more angled scutum in S. reptans (26) than in most proximal zooids of S. ellisi (27); note the differences in avicularium size and the number of distal tines in the scuta of both species.