Eburodacrys, White, 1853

Botero, Juan Pablo, 2017, Review of the genus Eburodacrys White, 1853 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Cerambycinae), Zootaxa 4344 (3), pp. 493-521 : 495-500

Key to species of Eburodacrys

(modified and translated from Martins, 1999)

1. Integument black, callosities reduced (shorter than 3 times length of pedicel) or absent ( Figs. 96, 112 )..................2

- Integument from orange to dark red; in some species with some black areas on elytra, but never entirely dark; at least some of elytral eburneous callosities longer than 3 times length of pedicel................................................ 3

2(1). Head reddish with black spot on vertex; anterior eburneous elytral callosities placed basally on each side of scutellum; elytra with fine punctures, without microsculpture; tarsomeres I-II of males dilated. Fig. 112 . Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina................... E. vidua ( Lacordaire, 1868)

- Head black; anterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning after the scutellum; elytra with coarse punctures and with microsculpture; tarsomeres of males without modifications. Fig. 96 . Brazil (Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz) , Argentina (Salta).......... E. seabrai Zajciw, 1958

3(1). Basal antennomeres black (rarely with dark reddish sulcus)....................................................4

- Basal antennomeres orange or orange with black apex.......................................................12

4(3). Mesoventrite tuberculate; eburneous elytral callosities long, beginning at base and reaching posterior fifth (innermost band can be interrupted at anterior fourth)..........................................................................5

- Mesoventrite without tubercle; eburneous elytral callosities with different pattern (see also E. obscura ).................7

5(4). Elytra with black longitudinal band between eburneous bands; sides of elytra without black longitudinal band; tibiae black; vertex coarsely punctate. Fig. 42 . Venezuela............................................... E. bilineata Joly, 1992

- Elytra without black bands; sides of elytra with black longitudinal band; tibiae black at base and reddish at apex; vertex smooth....................................................................................................6

6(5) Eburneous bands continuous from base to posterior fourth (innermost can be interrupted at middle). Fig. 69 . Peru, Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......................................................................... E. lanei Zajciw, 1958

- Each elytron with four eburneous elytral callosities, the anterior external shorter than the internal. Fig. 34 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso)............................................................. E. aenigma Galileo & Martins, 2006

7(4). Elytra reddish or orange along suture and the external margin and black or brown on remaining surface ( Figs. 77, 81 )...... 8

- Elytra reddish or reddish-orange with black areas restricted to the perimeter of eburneous callosities....................9

8(7). Each elytron with two narrow, longitudinal eburneous bands from base to, at least, posterior third; femora reddish; tarsomeres reddish and dilated in males. Fig. 81 . Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, São Paulo)............................................................................................ E. obscura Martins, 1973

- Each elytron with three eburneous callosities, one at anterior region and two at middle; femora reddish with black apex; tarsomeres black and not modified in males. Fig. 74 . Brazil (Piauí, Paraíba, Goiás, Minas Gerais) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......

.............................................................................. .. E. lugubris Gounelle, 1909 9(7). Prothorax as long as wide, without lateral antemedian tubercles and with short lateral spines; pronotum alveolate, without dorsal tubercles; tarsomeres of males thickened. Fig. 87 . Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz).............................................................................. E. pumila Monné & Martins, 1992

- Prothorax wider than long, with distinct lateral antemedian tubercles; pronotum rugose-punctate with dorsal tubercles; tarsomeres of males not modified.............................................................................10

10(9). Scape short, piriform; pronotal tubercles dark; each elytron with three eburneous callosities, lateroposterior beginning behind inner posterior; elytral sutural spine absent or reduced. Fig. 108 . Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)................................ E. trilineata (Aurivillius, 1893)

- Scape subcylindrical, elongate; pronotal tubercles of same color as remainder of pronotum; each elytron with four eburneous callosities, the lateroposterior beginning ahead of inner posterior; elytral sutural spine visible, almost a third of external spine length.............................................................................................. 11

11(10). Integument reddish; elytra with dense, whitish setae; inner posterior elytral eburneous callosities shorter than inner anterior. Fig. 61 . Surinam, Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Minas Gerais, São Paulo)......... E. gigas Gounelle, 1909

- Integument reddish-orange or orange; elytra with fine, yellow setae; inner posterior eburneous elytral callosities longer than inner anterior. Fig. 72 . Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay................................................................................................. E. longilineata White, 1853

12(3). Antennomeres orange with black apex; tarsomeres I-II of males dilated. Fig. 48 . Venezuela, Surinam, Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina), Colombia (Vichada), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Catamarca, Santiago del Estero, Mendoza, Córdoba, Santa Fé, Misiones, Chaco)... E. crassimana Gounelle, 1909

- Antennomeres reddish or orange without dark apex..........................................................13

13(12). Elytra with elongate eburneous callosities (e.g. Figs. 20 , 51, 55 , 64 , 111, 113 ).....................................14

- Elytra with rounded, elliptical or oval eburneous callosities (e.g. Figs. 44, 49 , 67, 77 , 100, 106 ).......................43

14(13). Elytral apices unarmed and truncate; antennomere III with shallow sulcus. Fig. 51 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, São Paulo)......................................... E. decipiens Gounelle, 1909

- Elytral apices with external spine; antennomere III with evident deep sulcus......................................15

15(14). Elytra with posterior half mostly black. Fig. 97 . Brazil (Piauí, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná) , Paraguay.......................................... E. seminigra Gounelle, 1909

- Elytra reddish-orange to orange, without large black areas....................................................16

16(15). Antemedian tubercles of prothorax located at same level of pronotal tubercles, which are developed and rounded at the top (e.g. Figs. 11 , 45 , 73 , 111 )..............................................................................17

- Antemedian tubercles of prothorax, when present, located ahead of pronotal tubercles (e.g. Figs. 55 , 70, 79, 92 )..........21

17(16). Each elytron with two eburneous callosities, long and continuous, innermost beginning at base and reaching posterior third, outermost from the anterior third to posterior third. Fig. 60 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul)....................................................................................... E. gaucha Galileo & Martins, 1992

- Each elytron with three eburneous callosities...............................................................18

18(17). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities longer than inner posterior, beginning at anterior half and reaching the posterior fourth, anteriorly beginning after the inner posterior.........................................................19

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities as long as inner posterior, beginning after apex of inner posterior one....... 20

19(18). Eburneous elytral callosities not surrounded by black color; meso- and metafemora orange, with long black spine at apex. Fig. 111 . Brazil (Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo) , Argentina?............................................................................... E. tuberosa Gounelle, 1909

- Eburneous elytral callosities surrounded by black color; apex of meso- and metafemora black, unarmed apex ( Figs. 11-13 ). Brazil (Paraná).......................................................................... E. bezarki sp. nov.

20(18). Prothorax with anterolateral tubercles clearly visible; femora orange with spines black. Fig. 73 . Brazil (Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina).................. E. luederwaldti Melzer, 1922

- Prothorax with anterolateral tubercles slightly projected; femora with the posterior third and spines black. Fig. 45 . Brazil (Santa Catarina)........................................................... E. catarina Galileo & Martins, 1992

21(16). Pronotum with longitudinal black band including the tubercles or with black spots behind the tubercles................22

- Pronotum without black bands, black area restricted to the tubercles............................................26

22(21). Pronotum with two longitudinal black bands, covering pronotal tubercles, from anterior margin to, at least, posterior third.23

- Pronotum with black areas restricted to the tubercles and spots behind the tubercles................................ 24

23(22). Longitudinal black band of pronotum wide, beginning at anterior margin and reaching the posterior margin; posterior eburneous elytral callosities surrounded anterior and posteriorly by black areas. Fig. 92 . Brazil (Paraíba, Ceará, Pernambuco).................................................................................... E. rhabdota Martins, 1967

- Longitudinal black band of pronotum narrow, not reaching the posterior margin of pronotum; without black areas surrounding the eburneous elytral callosities. Fig. 55 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)....................... E. errata Galileo & Martins, 2010

24(22). Elytral integument matte; posterior eburneous callosities separated between them at least by distance equivalent to width of a callosity. Figs. 1–4 . Colombia (Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Tolima)............................. E. yolandae sp. nov.

- Elytral integument bright; posterior eburneous elytral callosities joined, separated between them by distance smaller than width of a callosity...................................................................................25

25(24). Pronotum with black spot at center of posterior half; black area of femora restricted to apex. Figs. 21–23 Mexico (Sinaloa,

Jalisco, Sonora), Honduras, Nicaragua, Colombia (Meta), Venezuela, Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay.............................................................................................................. E. nemorivaga Gounelle, 1909 - Pronotum with black band behind pronotal tubercles and black spot at central region; posterior fourth of femora black. Fig. 104 . Nicaragua, Costa Rica.......................................................... E. sticticollis Bates, 1874

26 (21). Each elytron with two eburneous callosities from base to near apex (pronotal tubercles and antemedian and lateral tubercles of prothorax black). Fig. 113 . Brazil (Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul, Mato Grosso do Sul.), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Tucumán, Santiago del Estero, Formosa, Chaco, Corrientes), Uruguay............................................... E. vittata (Blanchard, 1847)

- Elytra with interrupted eburneous callosities, or if continuous, slightly contrasting with elytral color...................27

27(26). Tubercles of pronotum black (contrasting in color from remainder of pronotum)...................................28

- Tubercles of pronotum of same color as pronotum...........................................................39

28(27). Each elytron with two anterior eburneous callosities.........................................................29

- Each elytron with one anterior eburneous callosity..........................................................30

29(28). Mesoventrite with tubercle, lateral spine of prothorax shorter than pedicel; femoral spines black. Fig. 64 . Cuba, Mexico, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia, Cundinamarca, Huila, Meta, Putumayo, Quindio, Santander, Tolima), Venezuela, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Paraguay....................................................................... E. havanensis Chevrolat, 1862

- Mesoventrite without tubercle; lateral spine of prothorax longer than pedicel; femoral spine of same color as femora. Brazil (Goiás)........................................................................... E. costai Gounelle, 1909

30(28). Scape widened toward apex, with deep basal sulcus, with small tooth at internal side of base; basal urosternites brownish; (mesoventrite with tubercle). Fig. 79 . Colombia (Magdalena)................................ E. moruna Martins, 1997

- Scape subcylindrical, without tooth at base; basal urosternites not brownish......................................31

31(30). Posterior eburneous elytral callosities subcontiguous, separated by distance smaller than width of a callosity............ 32

- Posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated by distance equivalent or greater than width of a callosity..............35

32(31). Femoral spines black. Fig. 39 . Brazil (Piauí, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......................................................................... E. assimilis Gounelle, 1909

- Femoral spines of same color as femora...................................................................33

33 (32) Lateroposterior eburneous callosities starting behind inner posterior callosities; apex of elytra obliquely truncate. Figs. 14–20 . Venezuela (Lara).................................................................... E. santossilvai sp. nov.

- Posterior eburneous callosities starting at same level; apex of elytra truncate......................................34

34(33). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity almost twice length of inerposterior. Fig. 38 . Mexico (Veracruz), El Salvador, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela.................................................. E. asperula Bates, 1880

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity slightly longer than the inner posterior. Fig. 43 . Mexico (Jalisco, Oaxaca, Sinaloa, Morelos, Veracruz), Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela....................................... E. callixantha Bates, 1872

35(31). Apical spines of elytra black............................................................................36

- Apical spines of elytra of same color as elytra..............................................................37

36(35). Eburneous elytral callosities notably contrasting with remaining surface, lateroposterior long and slightly curved; pronotum with wrinkles and punctures; spine of elytral apex as long as femoral spine; posterior half of prosternum punctate (female). Fig. 68 . Brazil (Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo)......................... E. lancinata Napp & Martins, 1980

- Eburneous elytral callosities slightly contrasting with remaining surface, lateroposterior sometimes absent; pronotum with wrinkles; spine of elytral apex shorter than femoral spine; posterior half of prosternum smooth. Fig. 76 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz, Tarija), Argentina (Jujuy, Salta)..................................................... E. martinezi Martins, 1997

37(35). Anterolateral tubercle of pronotum distinct; sulcus of antennomere III shallow. Fig. 88 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina) , Paraguay........................................................................................... E. punctipennis White, 1853

- Anterolateral tubercle of pronotum absent; sulcus of antennomere III deep...................................... 38

38(37). Pronotal surface with irregular wrinkles and punctures interspersed; elytra yellowish, semi-transparent; elytral spine dark at apex. Fig. 107 . Brazil (Paraíba)............................................ E. translucida Galileo & Martins, 2010

- Pronotal surface with more punctures than wrinkles; elytra reddish-orange; elytral spine unicolorous. Fig. 50 . Brazil (Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais) , Bolivia (Tarija) , Paraguay................................................................................................ E. cunusaia Martins, 1997

39(27). Pronotal tubercles slightly elevated; elytral spines as long as femoral spines; tarsomeres of males dilated. Fig. 53 . Brazil (Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul) , Argentina (Misiones)..................................................................... E. eburioides ( White, 1853)

- Pronotal tubercles clearly elevated; elytral spines shorter than femoral spines; tarsomeres of males not modified........ 40

40(39). Meso- and metafemoral spines of same color as femora......................................................41

- Meso- and metafemoral spines black.....................................................................42

41(40). Tibiae unicolorous; elytral base with two eburneous callosities. Fig. 57 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Salta, Chaco, Misiones, Córdoba)................................................ E. flexuosa Gounelle, 1909

- Base of tibiae black, contrasting with adjacent color; elytral base with one eburneous callosity. Fig. 70 . Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná)............................ E. lenkoi Napp & Martins, 1980

42(40). Mesoventrite without tubercle; pronotal tubercles strongly projected. Fig. 75 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)...... E. mancula White, 1853

- Mesoventrite tuberculate; lateral spine of prothorax as long as or shorter than pedicel; pronotal tubercles slightly projected. Fig. 52 . Brazil (Maranhão, Rondônia, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Piauí, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones, Buenos Aires), Uruguay..................................................................... E. dubitata White, 1853

43(13). Posterior eburneous elytral callosities spaced between them; anterior margin of lateroposterior callosity not reaching inner posterior or rarely reaching its apical fourth (e.g. Figs. 83 , 103, 106, 110 )........................................44

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities reaching anterior margin of inner posterior (e.g. Figs. 36 , 80, 82 , 102 ).......52

44(43). Genae spined at apex; prothorax elongate, cylindrical, subparallel with lateral spines reduced. Fig. 44 . Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina................................................................ E. campestris Gounelle, 1909

- Genae rounded at apex; prothorax wider than long, with lateral spines distinct....................................45

45(44). Elytral apices unarmed or with a reduced external spine; coarse punctures adjacent to suture......................... 46

- Elytral apices with distinct external spine; sides of suture without coarse punctures adjacent to suture.................. 47

46(45). Integument dark orange; eburneous elytral callosities surrounded by black; posterior callosities joined by black band; pronotum with wrinkles and punctures; elytral costae not visible. Fig. 83 . Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela.................................................................................... E. pilicornis Fisher, 1944

- Integument orange or reddish-orange; eburneous elytral callosities, at most, with brownish perimeter; pronotum with fine punctures; elytral costae visible. Fig. 110 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz) , Paraguay........................ E. truncata Fuchs, 1956

47(45). Lateral spines of prothorax of same color as prothorax.......................................................48

- Lateral spines of prothorax black........................................................................49

48(47). Pronotum with wrinkles, punctures sparse or absent; posterior half of elytra smooth without pubescence. Fig. 109 . Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia (Antioquia, Arauca, Boyacá, Caldas, Cesar, Cundinamarca, Magdalena, Meta, Tolima, Valle del Cauca ), Venezuela................................................... E. triocellata ( Stål, 1857)

- Pronotum densely punctate, with some wrinkles; posterior half of elytra pubescent, with fine and dense punctures. Fig. 103 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Ceará, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Argentina (Entre Rios, Misiones), Paraguay, Uruguay........................................................................................... E. stahli Aurivillius, 1893

49(47). Eburneous elytral callosities wide, inner posterior one slightly notched at external-posterior margin and oblique towards the suture. Fig. 100 . Venezuela, Colombia (Caldas, Putumayo, Santander, Vichada), Ecuador, Surinam, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte, Pernambuco, Ceará, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul)...................................................................................................... E. sexmaculata (Olivier, 1790)

- Eburneous elytral callosities elongate, inner posterior rounded, not notched and parallel to the suture..................50

50(49). Pronotum with two black spots behind tubercles; central gibbosity distinct. Fig. 35 . Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo).......................................................... E. alini Napp & Martins, 1980

- Pronotum without black spots behind tubercles; central gibbosity slightly elevated.................................51

51(50). Surface of pronotum with wrinkles; scape sulcate at base; eburneous elytral callosities elongate. Fig. 106 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás), Ecuador, Peru (Junín), Bolivia (Beni, La Paz, Santa Cruz).......... E. superba Napp & Martins, 1980

- Surface of pronotum with punctures and wrinkles; scape not sulcate at base; eburneous elytral callosities elliptical. Fig. 37 . Bolivia (Cochabamba, Santa Cruz).............................................. E. apua Martins & Galileo, 2005

52(43). Each elytron with two anterior eburneous callosities.........................................................53

- Each elytron with one anterior eburneous callosity..........................................................55

53(52). Vertex with two black spots; sides of prothorax with longitudinal black bands; posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated, outermost beginning behind the anterior margin innermost; elytral spines black. Fig. 71 . Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas).................................................................................... E. lepida Martins, 1973

- Vertex without or with only one black spot; sides of prothorax without longitudinal black bands; posterior eburneous elytral callosities contiguous, outermost exceeding the anterior and the posterior margin of innermost; elytral spines of same color of elytra.............................................................................................. 54

54(53). Vertex with black spot; pronotal tubercle acute at top; anterolateral eburneous callosity reduced. Fig. 82 . Guyana, Surinam, French Guiana, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará).............................. E. perspicillaris (Erichson, 1848)

- Vertex without black spot; pronotal tubercle rounded at top; anterolateral eburneous callosity well-developed. Fig. 36 . Brazil (Pará).......................................................................... E. amazonica Melzer, 1927

55(52). Lateral spines of prothorax of same color as prothorax.......................................................56

- Lateral spines of prothorax black, the black area can be reduced toward apex.....................................73

56(55). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning before anterior margin of the inner posterior...................57

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning at same level or behind inner posterior........................60

57(56). Pronotal tubercles, apex of meso- and metafemora and femoral spines of same color as adjacent area. Fig. 101 . Peru (Cuzco)..................................................................... E. silviamariae Galileo & Martins, 2006

- Pronotal tubercles, apex of the meso- and metafemora and femoral spines black...................................58

58(57) Pronotum with black spots behind tubercles. Fig. 89 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz).............. E. putia Galileo & Martins, 2006

- Pronotum without black spots behind tubercles............................................................. 59

59(58) Anterior third of elytra with setae longer than 3 times length of pedicel; elytral spines of same color as elytra. Brazil (Pará).................................................................................. E. amazonica Melzer, 1927

- Anterior third of elytra with setae shorter than 3 times length of pedicel; elytral spines black. Fig. 80 . Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Distrito Federal, Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo) , Bolivia..... E. notula Gounelle, 1909

60(56). Femoral spines of same color as femora...................................................................61

- Femoral spines black.................................................................................. 65

61(60). Scape not depressed; disc of pronotum with wrinkles and punctures; eburneous elytral callosities not surrounded by black area. Fig. 98 . Brazil (Maranhão).......................................... E. separata Martins, Galileo & Oliveira, 2011

- Scape depressed at base, disc of pronotum transversely rugose, without punctures; eburneous elytral callosities surrounded by black area........................................................................................... 62

62(61). Tubercles of pronotum of same color as remainder of pronotum; antennomere III with shallow sulcus. Fig. 40 . Colombia (Tolima).................................................................... E. ayri Galileo & Martins, 2006

- Tubercles of pronotum black, contrasting in color with remainder of pronotum, antennomere III with deep sulcus........ 6 3

63(62). Lateroposterior eburneous callosities beginning after posterior third of inner posterior. Figs. 14–20 . Venezuela............................................................................................... E. santossilvai sp. nov.

- Posterior eburneous callosities beginning at same level.......................................................64

64(63). Lateral tubercle of prothorax small, slightly projected; surface of body with long, sparse setae. Fig. 47 . Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama.............................................. E. coalescens Bates, 1884

- Lateral tubercle of prothorax strongly projected; surface of body without long, sparse setae. Fig. 67 . Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela....................................................... E. laevicornis Bates, 1884

65(60). Elytral spines of same color as elytra.....................................................................66

- Elytral spines black...................................................................................69

66(65). Distance between posterior eburneous elytral callosities about as wide as one callosity. Fig. 102 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................................................................... E. skillmani Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2015

- Distance between posterior eburneous elytral callosities distinctly smaller than width of one callosity.................. 67

67(66). Integument reddish; antennomere III with shallow sulcus; anterolateral tubercles of prothorax distinct. Fig. 93 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Goiás).......................................................... E. rubicunda Monné & Martins, 1992

- Integument orange; antennomere III with deep sulcus; anterolateral tubercles of prothorax reduced....................68

68(67) Pronotum rugose throughout; pronotal tubercles not divergent; eburneous elytral callosities elliptical, posterior ones of same size. Fig. 95 . Colombia (Valle del Cauca ), Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Distrito Federal), Paraguay, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz).................................................................. E. sanguinipes Gounelle, 1909

- Pronotum smooth between anterior margin and tubercles; pronotal tubercles divergent; eburneous elytral callosities elongate, lateroposterior at least 1/3 longer than inner posterior. Fig. 115 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)...... E. xirica Martins & Galileo, 2005

69(65). Genae with spined apex; prothorax longer than wide, with lateral spine reduced. Fig. 44 . Brazil (Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Maranhão, Piauí, Goiás, Bahia, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Paraguay, Argentina............................................................................. E. campestris Gounelle, 1909

- Genae with rounded apex; prothorax wider than long, with lateral spine distinct...................................70

70(69) Sides of prothorax without black spots; anterolateral tubercles clearly evident.....................................71

- Sides of prothorax with black spot ahead of spines; anterolateral tubercles reduced.................................72

71(70) Basal sulcus of scape shallow; lateroposterior eburneous callosities starting behind inner posterior callosities. Fig. 6 2 . Trinidad & Tobago, Colombia (Magdalena, Meta, Tolima), Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Maranhão), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz), Paraguay.................................................... E. granipennis Gounelle, 1909

- Basal sulcus of scape deep; posterior eburneous callosities starting at same level. Fig. 46 . Brazil (Maranhão)..................................................................... E. cincora Martins, Galileo & Limeira-de-Oliveira, 2011

72(70) Vertex with black spot; scape with basal depression; surface of pronotum with fine wrinkles and center smooth. Fig. 94 . Colombia, French Guiana, Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, Amapá), Peru, Bolivia..................... E. rufispinis Bates, 1870

- Vertex without black spot; scape without depression; surface of pronotum entirely covered by wrinkles. Fig. 41 . Brazil (Roraima).......................................................... E. biffipradorum Martins & Galileo, 2012

73(55) Pronotal tubercles and lateral spines of prothorax longer than pedicel, spines slightly curved backward; scape subglobose, wide at base with evident sulcus.............................................................................74

- Pronotal tubercles and lateral spines of prothorax shorter than pedicel, spines straight; scape subcylindrical (subglobose in E. crassipes ), with sulcus present or absent..................................................................77

74(73). Posterior eburneous elytral callosities subcontiguous, outermost straight and as long as innermost or slightly longer......75

- Posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated posteriorly, outermost curved, almost twice length of innermost.........76

75(74) Apex of antennal tubercle elevated; apex of genae strongly projected ( Fig. 9 ); disc of pronotum with dense punctures; mesoventrite with tubercle. Figs. 5–9 . Brazil (Amazonas).......................................... E. eduardoi sp. nov.

- Apex of antennal tubercle not elevated; apex of genae slightly projected ( Fig. 10 ); disc of pronotum with wrinkles; mesoventrite without tubercle. Figs. 10 , 24–33 . Brazil (Goiás, Ceará, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo) , Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................................................................... E. sulfurifera Gounelle, 1909

76(74). Anterior eburneous elytral callosities slightly acuminate at apex; inner posterior slightly oblique; lateroposterior curved, contiguous with innermost at anterior region, gradually separated posteriorly, notched on outer margin. Fig. 90 . Colombia (Amazonas), French Guiana, Brazil (Roraima, Amazonas, Acre, Pará, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Maranhão), Peru, Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz)................................................................. E. quadridens (Fabricius, 1801)

- Anterior eburneous elytral callosities rounded at apex; inner posterior parallel to suture, contiguous with lateroposterior which

is curved and not notched. Fig. 77 . Ecuador, Brazil (Amazonas)........................... E. megaspilota White, 1853 77(73). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity twice length of inner posterior........................................78

- Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosity, at most, slightly longer than inner posterior.............................79

78(77). Mesoventrite with tubercle; metafemora surpassing elytral apex. Fig. 91 . French Guiana, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Pará, Mato Grosso), Bolivia (Santa Cruz).......................................................... E. raripila Bates, 1870

- Mesoventrite without tubercle; metafemora not reaching elytral apex. Fig. 114 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz).................................................................................. E. wappesi Galileo, Martins & Santos-Silva, 2015

79(77). Pronotum with wrinkles, without punctures................................................................80

- Pronotum with wrinkles and punctures, especially at sides (see also E. elegantula ).................................81

80(79). Pronotum with black spots behind tubercles; posterior eburneous elytral callosities contiguous, beginning at same level; elytral spines black. Fig. 59 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)...................................... E. fraterna Galileo & Martins, 2010

- Pronotum without black spots behind tubercles; posterior eburneous elytral callosities separated, lateroposterior beginning behind the middle of inner posterior; elytral spines concolorous with elytra. Fig. 58 . Brazil (Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, Distrito Federal, Maranhão, Piauí, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina), Bolivia (Santa Cruz), Paraguay............................................. E. fortunata Lameere, 1884

81(79). Lateral spines of prothorax developed, as long or longer than pedicel............................................82

- Lateral spines of prothorax small, shorter than pedicel.......................................................85

82(81). Meso- and metafemora orange, apical spines concolorous with femoral surface.................................. 83

- Apex of meso- and metafemora and apical spines black......................................................84

83 (82). Surface of body with long, sparse setae; posterior elytral callosities contiguous; elytral spines concolorous with elytra. Fig. 66 . Bolivia (Santa Cruz)..................................................... E. inaequalis Galileo & Martins, 2009

- Surface of body without long, sparse setae; posterior elytral callosities separated form most of length, elytral spines black. Fig. 65 . Brazil (Amazonas, Pará).......................................................... E. hirsutula Bates, 1870

84(82). Sides of prothorax with black bands; pronotum can have black spots behind tubercles; posterior elytral callosities beginning at same level, lateroposterior longer than inner posterior one; external spine of the elytra preceded by a black triangular mark. Fig. 105 . Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Guyana, French Guiana, Surinam, Ecuador, Peru, Brazil (Amazonas, Amapá, Pará, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás), Bolivia (Beni, Santa Cruz).................. E. sulphureosignata (Erichson, 1847)

- Prothorax without black spots; lateroposterior elytral callosities beginning behind inner posterior one; apex of elytra without black triangular spot. Fig. 78 . Brazil (Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro).... E. monticola Monné & Martins, 1973

85(81). Meso- and metafemora and apical spines orange. Fig. 84 . Brazil (Pará)........................ E. pinima Martins, 1999

- Apex of meso- and metafemora and apical spines black......................................................86

86(85). Lateroposterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning at level of middle of inner posterior..........................87

- Posterior eburneous elytral callosities beginning at same level or lateroposterior one beginning slightly behind inner posterior one................................................................................................88

87(86) Pronotum with black areas restricted to the tubercles; elytra without yellowish costae behind posterior callosities; apex of meso- and metafemora and apical spines black. Fig. 85 . Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Maranhão).............................................................................................. E. prolixa Monné & Martins, 1992

- Pronotum with black bands behind tubercles; elytra with yellowish costae behind posterior callosities; apical spines of meso- and metafemora black. Fig. 99 . Brazil (Goiás, Paraíba, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina, Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina (Misiones, Buenos Aires).... E. sexguttata Lameere, 1884

88(86) Pronotum with wrinkles and a few punctures laterally........................................................ 89

- Pronotum with abundant punctures and sparse wrinkles centrally............................................... 90

89(88) Scape with basal depression; posterior eburneous callosities starting at same level. Fig. 54 . Brazil (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás), Peru, Bolivia (Santa Cruz)................................ E. elegantula Gounelle, 1909

- Scape without basal depression; lateroposterior eburneous callosities starting behind inner posterior callosities. Fig. 63 . Colombia (Putumayo)....................................................... E. guttata Martins & Galileo, 2005

90(88). Antennal tubercles strongly projected and acute at apex; scape globose with strong basal depression. Fig. 49 . French Guiana........................................................................ E. crassipes Martins & Galileo, 2008

- Antennal tubercles slightly projected, rounded at apex; scape subcylindrical, without basal depression or with shallow depression...............................................................................................91

91(90). Longest setae at internal margin of antennomere III as long as four times width of the antennomere; pronotum without black bands; meso- and metatibiae of male dilated at apex. Fig. 56 . Brazil (Mato Grosso)... E. eurytibialis Monné & Martins, 1992

- Longest setae at internal margin of antennomere III twice width of antennomere; pronotal tubercles followed by black bands; meso- and metatibiae of male not dilated. Fig. 86 . Surinam, French Guiana, Brazil (Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia, Mato Grosso)......................................................................... E. puella (Newman, 1840)

Figures

FIGURES 93 – 115. Eburodacrys spp, dorsal view. 93, E. rubicunda, holotype, male, 94, E. rufispinis, male, 95, E. sanguinipes, male, 96, E. seabrai, holotype, male, 97, E. seminigra, male, 98, E. separata, holotype, female, 99, E. sexguttata, male, 100, E. sexmaculata, male, 101, E. silviamariae, holotype, male, 102, E. skillmanni, holotype, male, 103, E. stahli, male, 104, E. sticticollis, male, 105, E. sulphureosignata, male, 106, E. superba, male, 107, E. translucida, holotype, female, 108, E. trilineata, male, 109, E. triocellata, male, 110, E. truncata, male (holotype of E. asperipennis), 111, E. tuberosa, male, 112, E. vidua, male, 113, E. vittata, male, 114, E. wappesi, holotype, male, 115, E. xirica, male.

FIGURES 34 – 63. Eburodacrys spp, dorsal view. 34, E. aenigma, male, 35, E. alini, male, 36, E. amazonica, paratype, female, 37, E. apua, male, 38, E. asperula, male, 39, E. assimilis, male, 40, E. ayri, male, 41, E. biffipradorum, holotype, male, 42, E. bilineata, holotype, male, 43, E. callixantha, female, 44, E. campestris, female, 45, E. catarina, male, 46, E. cincora, holotype, male, 47, E. coalescens, male, 48, E. crassimana, male, 49, E. crassipes, holotype, male, 50, E. cunusaia, male, 51, E. decipiens, male, 52, E. dubitata, male, 53, E. eburioides, male, 54, E. elegantula, male, 55, E. errata, holotype, male, 56, E. eurytibialis, holotype, male, 57, E. flexuosa, male, 58, E. fortunata, male, 59, E. fraterna, male, 60, E. gaucha, female, 61, E. gigas, male, 62, E. granipennis, male, 63, E. guttata, holotype, male.

FIGURES 64 – 92. Eburodacrys spp, dorsal view. 64, E. havanensis, male, 65, E. hirsutula, male, 66, E. inaequalis, holotype, male, 67, E. laevicornis, male, 68, E. lancinata, holotype, female, 69, E. lanei, holotype, male, 70, E. lenkoi, male, 71, E. lepida, male, 72, E. longilineata, male, 73, E. luederwaldti, male, 74, E. lugubris, male, 75, E. mancula, male, 76, E. martinezi, female, 77, E. megaspilota, holotype, male, 78, E. monticola, male, 79, E. moruna, female, 80, E. notula, male, 81, E. obscura, holotype, male, 82, E. perspicillaris, male, 83, E. pilicornis, male, 84, E. pinima, holotype, female, 85, E. prolixa, holotype, male, 86, E. puella, holotype, female, 87, E. pumila, holotype, male, 88, E. punctipennis, male, 89, E. putia, holotype, male, 90, E. quadridens, male, 91, E. raripila, male, 92, E. rhabdota, female.

FIGURES 14 – 23. 14 – 20. Eburodacrys santossilvai sp. nov. 14 – 16, holotype, female, 14, dorsal view, 15, lateral view, 16, ventral view. 17 – 20, paratypes, female, dorsal view. 21 – 23. Eburodacrys nemorivaga. 21, Eburodacrys nemorivaga, holotype, male, dorsal view, 22, Eburodacrys curialis, holotype, male, dorsal view, 23, Eburodacrys hesperidis, holotype, male, dorsal view.

FIGURES 5 – 13. 5 – 9. Eburodacrys eduardoi sp. nov. 5 – 7, holotype, female, 5, dorsal view, 6, lateral view, 7, ventral view, 8 – 9, paratype, male, 8, dorsal view, 9, detail of head, lateral view. 10, Eburodacrys sulfurifera, detail of head, lateral view. 11 – 13, Eburodacrys bezarki sp. nov., holotype, female, 11, dorsal view, 12, lateral view, 13, ventral view.

FIGURES 1 – 4. Eburodacrys yolandae sp. nov. 1 – 3, holotype, male, 1, dorsal view, 2, lateral view, 3, ventral view, 4, paratype, female, dorsal view.

FIGURES 24 – 33. Eburodacrys sulfurifera, dorsal view. 24, holotype of Eburodacrys sulfurifera, male, 25, holotype of Eburodacrys amabilis, 26, female, 27, male, 28, female, 29, female, 30, female, 31, male, 32, male, 33, female.