Tarenaya curvispina, Neto, Raimundo Luciano Soares, Barbosa, Maria Regina De Vasconcellos & Roalson, Eric H., 2018

Neto, Raimundo Luciano Soares, Barbosa, Maria Regina De Vasconcellos & Roalson, Eric H., 2018, Two new species of Tarenaya (Cleomaceae) from Brazil, Phytotaxa 334 (1), pp. 28-34 : 28-31

1. Tarenaya curvispina M.B. Costa-e-Silva & Iltis ex Soares Neto & Roalson sp. nov. ( Fig. 1a‒b , 2a‒d )

Type: — BRAZIL. Bahia, Ilhéus, Quadra D do CEPEC, 9 September 2015, R. L. Soares Neto & J. G. Jardim 130 (holotype JPB!, isotypes CEPEC!, RB!, NY!, WIS!).

Diagnosis: —Related to Tarenaya pernambucensis , differing by being glabrescent to glabrous plants, by the curved stipular spines with a broad base, margin of the leaflets serrulate-ciliate and by the subsessile and ascending mature capsules.

Herb 0.25 to 1.20 m tall, highly branched; branches glabrescent to glabrous. Stipular spines curved with a broad base, 1.5‒2 × 1‒1.5 mm. Leaves 3‒5-foliolate; petioles glabrous, armed with slender to stout prickles, 3.5‒8 cm long; leaflets elliptic to oblanceolate, apically acuminate, basally long attenuate, membranaceous, with scattered shortpointed hairs on both faces, prickles on the central midrib on the abaxial face, margin serrulate-ciliate, central leaflet 5.5‒7.8 × 1.8‒2.3 cm, outermost 2‒5.5 × 0.8‒1.7 cm; petiotule glabrous, sometimes armed, 3‒8 mm long. Racemes corymbiform, terminal, 7‒15 cm long. Bracts 1-foliolate, the lower 3-foliolate, ovate to elliptic, apically acute, basally cuneate to rounded, margin serrulate-ciliate, 4‒17 × 2‒10 mm; petioles glabrous, 1‒5 mm long. Flowers zygomorphic, on glabrous pedicels, 7‒13 mm long, purple. Sepals lanceolate, glabrescent to glabrous on the outside, margin minutely serrulate, c. 1 × 0.5 mm, greenish, deflexed and persistent in fruit. Petals unguiculate, claw 0.5‒1 mm long, blade oblong, apically obtuse, 1.5‒2 × 1 mm, glabrous, white, becoming purple at apex. Nectary disciform. Stamens 6, filaments glabrous, 1‒2 mm long, white; anthers ca. 1mm long, yellowish. Ovary oblong to oblanceolate, 2 × 0.5 mm, glabrous; stigma capitate, subsessile. Mature capsules oblong to oblanceoloid, 1.8‒3.2 cm long, ascending, glabrous; gynophores ca. 0.5 mm long. Seeds horseshoe-shaped, c. 1‒1.2 × 1 mm, finely longitudinally striate, pronouncedly transverse ridged, cleft narrow, covered by a porous membrane.

Distribution and habitat:— This species has a disjunct distribution between the states of Bahia and Ceará ( Fig. 3 ). In Bahia, all the collections are from the same place, in Ilhéus/Itabuna, on cocoa plantations. In Ceará it occurs in mountainous areas, as an agricultural invasive, at 980 m elevation.

Etymology: —Epithet based on the curved stipular prickles.

Phenology: —Flowers and fruits from June to October.

Vernacular names: —Unknown.

Additional specimens examined (Paratypes): — BRAZIL. Ceará: Guaramiranga, Capoeira humida, 4°20’S 39°W, 20 July 1908, A. Ducke s. n. ( WIS v 0324883 WIS, v 0324884 WIS) ; Maranguape, Serra de Maranguape , 3°50’S 38°45’W, 28 June 1981, P. Martins & E. Nunes s.n. ( EAC 10550 ) ; loc. cit., Serra de Maranguape , 16 July 1946, A. Fernandes s. n. ( EAC 881 ) ; Pacoti , arredores, 4°12’S 38°55W, June 1988, F. J. A. Matos s.n. ( EAC 16495 ) ; Redenção, Manoel Dias, Sítio Furna da Onça , 29 March 2015, M. I. B. Loiola et al. 2579 ( EAC) . Bahia: Ilhéus, área do CEPEC, Km 22 da Rodovia Ilhéus / Itabuna ( BR 145 ), 4 August 1981, J. L. Hage 1150 ( CEPEC, RB) ; loc. cit., CEPEC, 26 August 1970, T. S. Santos 1027 ( CEPEC, WIS) ; loc. cit., CEPEC, 28 October 1978, S. A. Mori 10994 ( CEPEC, WIS) ; loc. cit., área do CEPEC, Km 22da Rodovia Ilhéus / Itabuna ( BR 415 ), 30 June 1981, J. L. Hage & E. B. dos Santos 1013 ( CEPEC, RB) ; loc. cit., área do CEPEC, Km 22 rodovia Ilhéus / Itabuna, Quadra D, 12 August 1978, S. A. Mori 10405 ( CEPEC, WIS) ; loc. cit., CEPEC, Km 7 da rodovia Itabuna-Ilhéus , 9 July 1964, C. M. Magalhães 33 ( CEPEC) ; Itabuna , CEPLAC, low ground in cocoa plantation, 9 July 1994, N. T. Silva 58318 ( GH, NY, UB, US, WIS) .

Tarenaya curvispina is characterized by curved stipular spines with a broad base, margin of the leaflets serrulate-ciliate, armed petioles and the midrib with prickles on the abaxial face, corymbiform racemes with small flowers and ascending mature capsules with persistent sepals. It resembles T. pernambucensis by the armed petioles, racemes corymbiform, small flowers and mature siliques, differing by being glabrescent to glabrous (vs. puberulent-glandular throughout), the leaflet margin serrulate-ciliate (vs. entire, ciliate) and the ascending fruits (vs. deflexed fruits).

This species was discovered during a taxonomic revision of the Brazilian Cleome (M.B. Costa-e-Silva 2000, unpublished), and was named and identified in several Brazilian and other herbaria by Costa-e-Silva and Iltis as C. curvispina . The name however, was never validly published.

Figures

FIGURE 1. a‒b: Tarenaya curvispina. a. Flowering and fruiting branch; b. Seed.

FIGURE 2. a‒d: Tarenaya curvispina. a. Overview of the habit; b. Detail of inflorescence highlighting the flowers and the foliaceous bracts; c. Fruits branching; d. Open silique with seeds in maturation.

FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution map of Tarenaya curvispina and T. pernambucensis.