Copestylum enriquei, Montoya & Parada-Marín & Ramos-Pastrana, 2022

Montoya, Augusto León, Parada-Marín, Henry Mauricio & Ramos-Pastrana, Yardany, 2022, Description of a new flower fly species of the Copestylum vagum group (Diptera Syrphidae) from pristine Amazonian rainforests of Colombia and Suriname, Zootaxa 5091 (3), pp. 401-415 : 404-409

Copestylum enriquei sp. nov.

( Figs 1–4 )

Copestylum SUR-04 in Reemer (2016) Type material. HOLOTYPE. Adult male, pinned, deposited at the LEUA collection. Original label: “ COLOMBIA, Caquetá, Florencia, Vda.[Vereda] Paraíso, Fca.[Finca] Paraíso” / “ 1.746287, -75.627790, 716m [eters], Forest, trampa Malaise dosel” / “ 21.xii.2016 - 04.i.2017, Y. Ramos-Pastrana ”. “ HOLOTYPE / Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. / Montoya, Parada-Marín & Ramos-Pastrana 2021 ” [red, handwritten except first line] ( LEUA –00000035890, dissected) . PARATYPES. SURINAME, Para, Mapane area , 5.466 666, -54.683333, 35 m, 28.v.1963, P.H. van Doesburg Jr., Leg. (RMNH-collection, 1 female); Brokopondo, Brownsberg, 4.933 333, -55.166667, 189m, Nature reserve, mainly with primary forest, 31.viii–14.ix.2001, leg. A. Gangadin, Leg. (RMNH-collection, 1 female). Identified as Copestylum SUR-04 by Menno Reemer 2016 .

Length (n= 1). Body, 6.8 mm; Wings, 5.5 mm.

Differential diagnosis. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. shares the general morphological characters of other known species in the C. vagum group. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is a green yellowish fly, similar in appearance to C. vagum , C. musicanum , and C. tenorium , from which it differs by the gena and face separated by a very broad brown vitta; scutum orange except for the wide medial vitta, which is dark and metallic, ending before the prescutellar region, with the apical margin M-shaped; tibiae dark-brown, except yellow on basal 1/4. Epandrium and cercus black, contrasting with the colour of hypandrium and surstylus, which are orange; epandrium with a dorsal extension, in addition to the surstylus L-shaped, with two pairs of rounded ridges in the dorsal edge, similar to small deer antlers in velvet.

Description (holotype). MALE. Head ( Figs 1A, C , and D): Face yellowish-orange without a clear central vitta; gena and face separated by a very broad brown vitta; gena orange, orange pruinose, and pilose; dorsal margin of eyes sloping and yellow pilose; lunule brownish-orange; antenna orange, scape and pedicel orange setulose; arista orange, orange pilose. Thorax ( Figs 1B–D ): Scutum orange except for the wide medial vitta, which is dark and metallic, ending before the prescutellar region, with the apical margin M-shaped ( Fig. 1C ); scutum brown pilose on the median dark area, yellow pilose along lateral margins, with pile not much longer at the rear margin; lateral setae orange: two above wing insertion and two on postalar callus; pleuron extensively yellow; scutellum yellow with pre-apical depression, yellow pilose; marginal setae orange-yellow, with two dark brown setae. Wing ( Figs 1B–E , 2B ): Hyaline except for the brown-yellowish pterostigmal spot, costal cell yellowish, bare; wing microtrichose, except for some extensively bare areas basally and centrally, cell bm extensively bare, cell dm bare on anterior 1/3, cell r only slightly bare on basal 1/3 or less, cell CuP bare on anterior 1/3; alula microtrichose, calypter yellowishwhite, border brownish-orange, fringe brownish-orange; plumula yellow-orange; halter yellow-orange, capitulum white. Legs ( Figs 1A–B, D–E ): coxa and trochanter yellow, metafemur extensively orange; tibia dark-brown, except yellow on basal 1/4, black pilose on these areas; tarsomeres 1 and 2 orange, tarsomeres 3–5 black, black pilose. Abdomen ( Figs 1B, D–E , 2A–B ): Mostly yellow-greenish, orange-yellow pilose, first tergum 1 yellow-greenish; terga 2–4 greenish, brownish infuscated apically; terga 3–4 black pilose on apical margin; S1–4 yellowish-green and extensively yellow pilose; male genitalia elongated, extending over the fourth sternum, with epandrium and cercus black, epandrium in lateral view with a dorsal extension, cercus in lateral view, globular and round-tipped; surstylus in lateral view, L-shaped, with two pairs of rounded ridges in the dorsal edge, similar to small deer antlers in velvet; superior lobe (Apex of hypandrium) orange, hook-shaped, with a kinked apex strongly curved downward ( Figs 2D–H ).

FEMALE ( Figs 3A–D ; Reemer 2016: 100, Fig. 15, dorsal habitus). Similar to male except for usual sexual dimorphism, and differing in vertex with a complete brownish transverse macula, extensively dark brown to blackhaired in this area; sternites 4 and 5 yellow.

Etymology. The epithet ‘enriquei’ is a patronym given in memory of Carlos Enrique Giraldo, the grandfather of the first author, a notable, worthy, and noble person of sweet spirit who was like an oak, a very happy man who taught me (ALM) to enjoy and marvel at the small things of the natural world. For him, this beautiful species that flies high as his unforgettable smile and kind way of being, always ready to provide a space and welcome in his home in Anserma, Caldas, Colombia that was always open to everyone.

Taxonomic remarks. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. run to C. chapadensis or C. bequaerti in the key of Curran (1930; couplet 9, p. 6), based on the gena and face separated by a very broad brownish vitta. This work covered most species belonging to the C. vagum group. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. would be identified as C. musicanum in an unpublished draft key by F.C. Thompson (couplet 13), as it has the tibiae much darker than the femora, terminalia large, cercus elongate, hook-like, extending over the fourth sternum. Using the key of Ricarte et al. (2015; couplet 3, p. 52), C. enriquei sp. nov. keys out close to C. araceorum and C. willistoni , based on the terga 3−4 with yellow marks or completely black, however, C. enriquei sp. nov. lacks a median vitta on the face. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is also morphologically similar to C. tenorium from which it differs by the diagnostic characters listed in Table 1 (See also “Taxonomic notes” under each species in Ricarte et al. 2015 and keys).

Distribution. The male holotype was collected between 21 December 2016 and 04 February 2017 in a canopy Malaise trap (Rafael & Gorayeb 1982) in a pristine rainforest patch of a conflict territory of limited access and political unrest in Caquetá, Colombia ( Fig. 4A ). The type locality is located at the eastern slope of the Colombian Oriental Cordillera at an altitude of 716 meters above sea level (m a.s.l). Two additional female specimens (paratypes) were collected in two sampling events on 28 May 1963 and between 31 August and 14 September 2001 in a nature reserve and primary forest in Northeastern Suriname (Para and Brokopondo) between 35 and 189 m a.s.l. ( Fig. 4B ). Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is probably endemic to the Amazonian rainforest of Colombia and Suriname on the Guyana shield.

Biology. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. is only known from pristine patches in the lowlands of the Amazonian rainforest of Colombia and Suriname ( Fig. 4B ). The specimens were collected using a canopy Malaise trap and sweeping net, which could suggest that the species is associated with both canopy and ground levels in conserved forest.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov., male, holotype (LEUA–00000035890): A. Head, frontal view; B. Habitus, dorsal view; C. Thorax, dorsal view, detail of maculae and pile patterns on scutum; D. Lateral view, E. Latero-posterior view, detail of male genitalia.

FIGURE 2. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov., male, holotype (LEUA–00000035890). A. Abdomen, lateral view; B. Abdomen, ventral view; C. Whole genitalia including epandrium, cercus, and surstylus, lateral view, detail of the dorsal extension of the epandrium (white arrow); D. Epandrium, dorsal view, detail of the dorsal extension (white arrow); E. Hypandrium, ventral view. Abbreviations used in male genitalia structures are as follows: Ah = Aedeagal hood; Cer = Cercus; Epd = Epandrium; Hyp = Hypandrium; Sa= Surstylar apodeme; Sl= Superior lobe; Sur = Surstyle.

FIGURE 3. Copestylum enriquei sp. nov., female, paratype (RMNH-collection). A. Head, frontal view; B. Head, lateral view, C. Habitus, lateral view; D. Thorax and abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURE 4. A. Habitat of Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. in a pristine forest at Florencia, Caquetá in Colombia. The specimens were collected using a canopy Malaise trap (Rafael & Gorayeb 1982); B. Geographical distribution map showing the collection localities of Copestylum enriquei sp. nov. in the Amazon rainforest of Colombia and Suriname (Red triangle).