Trachysalambria aspera ( Alcock, 1905 )

Chan, Tin-Yam, Cleva, Régis & Chu, Ka Hou, 2016, On the genus Trachysalambria Burkenroad, 1934 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Penaeidae), with descriptions of three new species, Zootaxa 4150 (3), pp. 201-254 : 231-236

Trachysalambria aspera ( Alcock, 1905)

( Figs. 12–14 , 20A , B)

Trachypenaeus asper Alcock, 1905: 531 [type locality: Ganjam coast, India]; 1906: 43, pl. 9-figs. 28, 28a, 28b; Motoh & Buri, 1984: 86, figs. 59–60; Chaitiamvong & Supongpan, 1992: 37, fig. 20, pl. 50.

Trachypenaeus curvirostris .— Ramadan, 1938: 63; Hall, 1961: 98; 1962: 29, figs. 110–110b; Holthuis, 1980: 53 (in part). [not Stimpson, 1860]

[Not] Trachypenaeus asper .— Kubo, 1949: 395, figs. 7H’, 32K, L, 47L, 59B, 75R, X, 79D. [= T. malaiana ]

Trachysalambria aspera .— Pèrez Farfante & Kensley, 1997: 149; Sakaji & Hayashi, 2003: 150, fig. 3; De Grave & Fransen, 2011: 228.

Material examined. Taiwan. Budai fishing port, Chiayi County, 26.05.1985, 2 females cl 18.0 and 23.6 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6972 ). Donggang fishing port , Pingtung County: 21.10.1995, 1 male cl 18.2 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6971 ) ; 16.03.2002, 2 females cl 21.8 and 22.0 mm (NTOU M02013 ); 15.12.2007, 1 female cl 18.5 mm (NTOU M02014 ); no date, 1 female cl 23.1 mm (NTOU M02015 ). No specific locality, 1 female cl 18.2 mm ( NTOU M02016 ) .

Philippines. MUSORSTOM III, stn CP 121, 12°08’N, 121°18’E , 73–84 m, 0 3.06.1985, 1 male cl 16.2 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6979 ). AURORA: stn CP 2653, 16°06.5’N, 121°59.7’E , 83 m, 20.05.2007, 3 females cl 12.8– 15.7 mm (NTOU M02017 ); stn CP 2763, 15°52.0’N, 121°34.7’E, 42–44 m, 0 4.06.2007, 1 female cl 16.0 mm (NTOU M02018 ); stn CP 2764, 15°51.0’N, 121°35.6E, 47– 45 m, 0 4.06.2007,1 female cl 18.6 mm (NTOU M02019 ); no station data, 1 male cl 15.0 mm (NTOU M01989 ).

Indonesia. ANAMBAS: stn EA-TT-04, 02°53.03’N, 105°50.55’E, 31– 24 m, 13.03.2002, 1 female cl 12.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6931 ) ; stn EA-TT-06, 03°15.31’N, 106°09.50’E, 46– 42 m, 14.03.2002, 3 males cl 11.0–12.0 mm, 4 females cl 13.2–16.9 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6969), 1 female cl 23.0 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6968); stn EA- TT-08, 03°56.01’N, 107°51.78’E, 41– 23 m, 18.03.2002, 1 female cl 11.5 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6970).

Papua New Guinea. BIOPAPUA, stn CP 3702, 3°57’S, 144°40’E, 80–91 m, 0 1.10.2010, 1 male cl 9.7 mm ( MNHN IU- 2011-2359 ).

New Caledonia. LAGON: stn DW 765, 21°13.85’S, 165°41.8’E, 34–35 m, 0 8.01.1987, 1 female cl 10.7 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6978 ) ; stn 802, 21°03.7’S, 165°28.3’E, 40–41 m, 0 9.01.1987, 1 female cl 19.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2014-6974); stn DW 811, 20°59.4’S, 165°26.15’E, 43–44 m, 10.01.1987, 1 male cl 9.7 mm (MNHN IU-2014- 6977); stn CP 833, 20°49.8’S, 165°17.7’E, 52–70 m, 11.01.1987, 2 males cl 9.8 and 10.7 mm (MNHN IU-2014- 6976), 1 male cl 12.5 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6975).

India. Arabian Sea , “ Anton Bruun ”: stn 204A, 20°30’N, 70°54’E, 33 m, 15.11.1963, 10 males cl 14.3–16.0 mm, 9 females cl 15.0– 23.5 mm ( USNM 288567 ) ; stn 212A, 21°29’N, 69°27’E, 35–36 m, 16.11.1963, 4 males cl 12.5–16.5 mm, 9 females cl 12.7–19.3 mm (USNM 253367); stn 216A, 21°49’N, 68°55’E, 50–52 m, 17.11.1963, 4 males cl 13.3–14.5 mm, 6 females cl 15.5–19.7 mm (USNM 288568).

Iran. Gulf of Oman, “ Anton Bruun ”, stn 256A, 26°10’N, 57°02’E, 55–64 m, 30.11.1963, 3 females cl 17.0– 17.5 mm ( USNM 288569 ).

Gulf of Oman. No specific locality, 32.9–45.8 m, 1971, 4 females cl 22.0–23.0 mm ( BMNH) ; 2 females cl 18.0 and 20.0 mm (BMNH).

Persian Gulf. “ Akademik ” stn PG-13 Ku , 29°13.58’N, 49°53.95’E, 41 m, 10.12.1991, 1 male cl 17.5 mm ( SMF 29480) ; “ Akademik ” stn PG-16 Ku , 28°49.66’N, 49°48.50’E, 51 m, 11.12.1991, 1 male cl 15.5 mm, 2 females cl 10.0 and about 20.0 mm (carapace damaged) ( SMF 29484), 1 female cl 23.5 mm ( SMF 29965) ; “ Akademik ” stn. PG-22 Ku , 28°56.49’N, 49°43.81’E, 45 m, 14.12.1991, 1 male cl 17.5 mm, 2 females cl 20.0 and 26.0 mm ( SMF 29493) .

Red Sea. John Murray Expedition, stn M.B. I, 26 m, 1 female cl 12.1 mm ( BMHN 1937.12.7.92).

Seychelles. REVES II: stn CH 15, 5°33.3’S, 56°45’E, 57 m, 0 4.09.1980, 1 male cl 14.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014- 6984 ) ; stn CH 42, 4°30.8’S, 56°08.8’E, 52 m, 13.09.1980, 4 females cl 17.5–26.3 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6980 ) ; 1 female cl 26.6 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6981), 1 female cl 25.4 mm (MNHN IU-2014-6985); stn CH 58, 4°10.9’S, 54°38.9’E, 60 m, 19.09.1980, 1 female cl 22.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6982 ) ; stn CH 62, 4°10’S, 55°25.4’E, 68 m, 20.09.1980, 1 female cl 25.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6983 ), 1 female cl 24.7 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6986 ) ; stn CH 68, 60– 65 m, 21.09.1980, 1 male cl 14.8 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6987 ) .

Madagascar. Fort Dauphin, 10.1958, 1 male cl 16.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6995 ) . Pracel bank, 55 m, 0 6.1959, 2 males cl 13.5 and 14.0 mm, 1 female cl 17.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6991 ) . Antongil Bay , 15°38.8’S, 49°42.4’E, 20 m, 0 2.04.1973, 4 males cl 12.0– 14.8 mm, 11 females cl 13.0– 20.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6992 ) . NW coast, 13°13.6’S, 48°25.2’E, 32 m, 0 2.08.1973, 3 males cl 13.0– 13.5 mm, 8 females cl 14.0–19.0 mm (MNHN IU-2014- 6988). Ambaro Bay , 15 m, no date, 1 male cl 11.5 mm, 1 female cl 20.0 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6994 ) . CREVETTIERE 1973: stn CH 77, 25°02.7’S, 47°05.8’E, 65–70 m, 0 4.03.1973, 13 males cl 13.5–17.0 mm, 11 females cl 15.0– 20.8 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6993 ) ; stn CH 80, 25°02.7’S, 47°05.7’E, 65–70 m, 0 4.03.1973, 11 males cl about 9.0 mm (carapace damaged) to 18.0 mm, 13 females cl 5.8–22.5 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6990 ), 1 female cl 20.1 mm ( MNHN IU- 2014-6989 ) . MIRIKY, stn CP 3203, 12°35.92’S, 48°35.22’E, 50–52 m, 29.06.2009, 1 female cl 14.5 mm (MNHN IU-2010-321). ATIMO VATAE: stn DW 3536, 25°19.9’S, 47°0.9’E, 77 m, 0 2.05.2010, 1 female cl 15.3 mm (MNHN IU- 2010-2755); stn CP 3547, 25°18’S, 46°40.3’E, 69–70 m, 0 4.05.2010, 2 males cl 12.5 mm and carapace damaged, 2 females cl 10.6 and 15.5 mm (MNHN IU- 2010-2762); stn CP 3548, 25°17.0’S, 46°34.1’E, 63–66 m, 0 4.05.2010, 59 males cl 7.7–22.9 mm, 61 females cl 7.0– 17.7 mm (MNHN IU-2013-18281); stn CP 3570, 25°06.6’S, 47°06.9’E, 75 m, 0 8.05.2010, 1 male cl 17.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014-8772); stn CP 3571, 25°08.3’S, 47°09.1’E, 77 m, 0 8.05.2010, 1 male cl 12.8 mm, 1 female cl 13.1 mm (MNHN IU-2014-8773).

Mozambique. Laurenco Marques Bay, 8 m, 10.1968, 1 male cl 14.5 mm, 1 female cl 21.5 mm ( BMNH).

Description. Entire body densely pubescent. Rostrum with 8–10 (usually 8 or 9, excluding epigastric tooth) teeth along entire dorsal border; moderately curved upwards to straight in adult females, with ventral border slightly convex to straight, tip straight or very slightly recurved downwards and with ventral margin more or less straight, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a concave or straight configuration; in males and juveniles rostrum straight to slightly curving downwards, ventral border from convex to straight or even concave, tip not recurved downwards, tips of rostral teeth aligned in a straight or crest configuration; extending to second segment of antennular peduncle (from proximal to distal ends, generally longer in large individuals); postrostral carina from blunt to sharp, extending to near posterior carapace but sometimes rather indistinct in posterior half. Pereiopods I to III with well-developed epipods. Pereiopod I generally bearing small ischial spine, which occasionally absent (more often in small individuals). Pereiopod IV in females with coxa not particularly expanded medially. Pereiopod V more or less extending to tip of scaphocerite. Abdomen with dorsal carinae distinct and elevated on somites II to VI; that on somite II short but sometimes highly laminate; somite III with distinct dorsal carina only at posterior 2/3 of somite, dorsal carina generally absent or rudimentary at anterior 1/3 of somite; ridges on somites IV and V posteriorly incised and not terminating in distinct spines. Telson with strong but blunt dorsolateral carinae, bearing 3 or 4 (usually 3) pairs of movable lateral spines. Male petasma with lateral margins of stem distinctly converging distally; distolateral lobes with ventral margins more or less straight, tips of dorsal and ventral flaps coinciding, forming sharp angle. Female thelycum with anterior plate semi-triangular, generally sunken or flattened; anterior margin of posterior plate distinctly concave, with median cleft.

Coloration. Body pinkish red to pinkish orange, with lateral surfaces paler in color. Rostrum reddish with distal 1/3 whitish. Eyes black-brown. Antennular and antennal flagella pale white. Pereiopods pinkish white and often with yellowish patches. Pleopods pinkish to pinkish red, with lateral surfaces bearing whitish patches. Abdomen with dorsal carinae at somites III to VI whitish, somite II sometimes with a broad saddle-like red patch. Uropods reddish except basal parts pale white, distal and lateral margins of exopods and distal and mesial margins of endopods broadly white.

Distribution. Widely distributed in the Indo-West Pacific and known with certainty from the Mozambique, Madagascar, Seychelles, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Oman, India, Andaman Sea, Thailand, Singapore, Indonesia, the Philippines, Taiwan, New Caledonia and Papua New Guinea; at depths of 8 to about 100 m.

Remarks. Although the types of T. aspera in the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta, are not available for examination, the description and figures provided of the types by Alcock (1905, 1906) clearly show that his “ Trachypenaeus asper ” is a Trachysalambria and has epipods on the anterior three pereiopods but the dorsal carinae on the abdominal somites IV and V lack posterior spines. Amongst those Trachysalambria species that fit the above characteristics, only females of the present form sometimes have the rostrum very straight as illustrated in the female type figured by Alcock (1906: fig. 28). Thus, we follow Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) in identifying the present form as Alcock’s (1905) species. Besides, Alcock’s (1905, 1906) original description and figures also agree well with the present form.

Although T. aspera was treated as a synonym of T. curvirostris by many workers (e.g., Schmitt 1926; Hall 1961; Holthuis 1980; Chan 1998), it is found to be a distinct species and actually has the widest geographical distribution in the genus with large variations in morphological characters. The rostrum in the males of the present form differs from the other species of the genus without posterior spines at the abdominal somites IV and V in sometimes curving downwards and with the rostral teeth forming a crest ( Fig. 12 E). However, the rostrum is sometimes straight in males ( Fig. 12 D) and moderately curved upwards in females ( Fig. 12 A, B; more often in the material from southwestern Indian Ocean). Moreover, material from Taiwan generally has the postrostral carina distinct over the entire length and with the abdominal carinae higher. Previous workers ( Motoh & Buri 1984 with material from the Philippines; Chaitiamvong & Supongpan 1992 with material from Thailand; Sakaji & Hayashi 2003 with material from Taiwan) emphasized that the present species has a unique coloration in the genus by having a red saddle on the abdominal somite II. Color photographs are available for the present material from Taiwan, New Caledonia and Madagascar. Their coloration is nearly identical but only the Taiwanese material has the red saddle on the abdomen ( Fig. 20A ). However, those from the New Caledonia and Madagascar lack this red saddle ( Fig. 20 B) and therefore with coloration nearly identical to T. dentata sp. nov. ( Fig. 19 C). Despite large variations in morphology and coloration, there is 2% or less genetic differences found amongst the specimens from different localities including those from Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, New Caledonia, Seychelles and Madagascar ( Tables 2, 3).

Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) had discussed in detail previous reports related to T. aspera . However, as it is now known that the present species has a very wide distribution with large variations in characters. Only the reports of Hall (1961, 1962) from Singapore, Motoh & Buri (1984) from the Philippines, Chaitiamvong & Supongpan (1992) from Thailand contain enough information to determine that their materials belong to T. aspera . The Borneo specimens reported as “ T. aspera ” by Kubo (1949) actually belong to T. malaiana by lacking epipods on the anterior two pereiopods (also see Dall 1957; Hall 1961; Starobogatov 1972). Whether previous reports of T. aspera (e.g., Balss 1915; Starobogatov 1972) and T. curvirostris (e.g., George 1967; Grey et al. 1983; de Freitas 1987) represent the present species is still uncertain. For example, Sakaji & Hayashi (2003) considered the “ T. curvirostris ” female reported from northwestern Australia by Grey et al. (1983) as T. aspera . However, the color photograph provided by Grey et al. (1983: pl. 45) has the rostrum opaque and lacks distinct white markings on the rostrum, abdominal carinae and uropods. Re-examination of their material is necessary to determine which species their specimens belong to. On the other hand, re-examination of Ramadan’s (1938) small female (now in poor condition) from the Red Sea reveals that this female is actually closest to T. aspera instead of the other species as reported before (e.g., ‘ T. curvirostris ’ by Ramadan 1938 and ‘ T. longipes ’ [= now T. dentata sp. nov.] by Sakaji & Hayashi 2003). The John Murray Expedition female (rostrum straight, ventral border also straight and tip not recurved downwards) fits quite well with the re-defined characteristics of T. aspera given above, including having 10 dorsal rostral teeth, well-marked postrostral carina to posterior carapace and lacking ischial spine on the pereiopod I. The only discrepancy is that there is a minute posterior spine in the dorsal carina of the abdominal somite V in this Red Sea specimen, making it somewhat similar to T. parvispina sp. nov. As there is no trace of a posterior spine on the dorsal carina of abdominal somite IV, this damaged small specimen is identified with T. aspera instead of T. parvispina sp. nov.

Figures

FIGURE 12. Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905): A, F, female cl 25.4 mm, Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 42 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6985); B, C, G, female cl 23.0 mm, Indonesia, ANAMBAS, stn EA-TT- 06 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6968); D, male cl 14.8 mm, Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 68 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6987); E, male cl 17.5 mm, Persian Gulf, “ Akademik ”, stn PG- 13 Ku (SMF 29480). A, B, cephalothorax, lateral view; C, carapace, dorsal view; D, E, rostrum, lateral view; F, dorsal part of abdominal somites II to VI, lateral view; G, dorsal part of abdominal somites I to VI, lateral view.

FIGURE 13. Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905), petasma: A – C, male cl 14.8 mm, Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 68 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6987); D – F, male cl 18.2 mm, Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County, Taiwan (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6971); G – I, male cl 14.0 mm, Madagascar, Pracel bank (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6991). A, D, G, ventral view; B, E, H, dorsal view; C, F, I, upper view.

FIGURE 14. Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905), thelycum, ventral view: A, female cl 25.4 mm, Seychelles, REVES II, stn CH 42 (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6985); B, female cl 23.6 mm, Budai fishing port, Chiayi County, Taiwan (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6972); C, female cl 17.5 mm, Madagascar, Pracel bank (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6991).

FIGURE 20. A, Trachysalambria aspera (Alcock, 1905), Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County, Taiwan, male cl 18.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6971); B, T. aspera, Madagascar, ATIMO VATAE, stn CP 3570, male cl 17.0 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8772); C, T. curvirostris (Stimpson, 1860), Magong fishing port, Penghu County, Taiwan, female cl 23.3 mm (NTOU M 02020); D, T. curvirostris, Dasi fishing port, Yilan County, Taiwan, female cl 25.9 mm (NTOU M 01952); E, T. albicoma (Hayashi & Toriyama, 1980), Donggang fishing port, Pingtung County, Taiwan, female cl 18.2 mm (NTOU M 02008); F, T. starobogatovi (Ivanov & Hassan, 1976), ATIMO VATAE, stn TP 19, male cl 14.4 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 8774).

FIGURE 19. A, B,? Trachysalambria brevisuturae (Burkenroad, 1934 a), Panama, Pacific coast, Urraca cruise, specimens details unknown, dorsal and lateral views, respectively (photographed by A. Anker); C, T. dentata sp. nov., the Philippines, AURORA, stn CP 2747, female cl 19.1 mm (NTOU M 01983); D, T. parvispina sp. nov., Vanuatu, SANTO, stn AT 42, female cl 21.2 mm (MNHN IU- 2014 - 6941); E, T. palaestinensis (Steinitz, 1932), Israel, Mediterranean coast, specimens details unknown (photographed by B. S. Galil); F, T. nansei Sakaji & Hayashi, 2003, Dasi fishing port, Yilan County, Taiwan, female cl 20.4 mm (NTOU M 01995).