Philodoria, Walsingham, 1907

Kobayashi, Shigeki, Johns, Chris A. & Kawahara, Akito Y., 2021, Revision of the Hawaiian endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria Walsingham (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae): its conservation status, host plants and descriptions of thirteen new species, Zootaxa 4944 (1), pp. 1-175 : 16-17

Key to Hawaiian leaf mining moths including Philodoria

1. Tentiform mine.................................................................................................... Cremastobombycia lantanella Busck ¶ ( Gracillariidae , Lithocolletinae ), all Hawaii islands, host: Lantana spp.

- Short, tortuous linear, spiral mine, about ~ 30 mm length...................................................... 2

- Long (tortuous) linear or blotch mine..................................................................... 3

2. Mature larva (3rd~ instar) is external feeding, nibbling the leaf tissue and skeletonizing it.. Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck ¶ ( Bucculatricidae ), Oahu, host: Gossypium tomentosum (endemic Hawaiian cotton).

- Mature larva is leaf-mining, and mines leaf tissue forming several blotch mine............................................ Bedellia Stainton (Bedelliidae) , all Hawaiian Islands, host: Convolvulaceae , Liliaceae , Poaceae , Urticaceae . Hawaiian Bedellia include many unnamed species ¶.

3. First instar larva is sap-feeding, forming whitish linear mine................................................... 4

- Larva tissue-feeding, forming linear or serpentine to blotch mines; cocoon usually situated outside of mine......................................................................... Philodoria Walsingham ( Gracillariidae , Ornixolinae )

4. Cocoon situated outside of mine, usually on surface of leaf.................................................... 5

- Cocoon situated within end of mine, larvae mining leaves of Rutaceae ( Citrus spp.)................................................................................... Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton ( Gracillariidae , Phyllocnistinae )

5. Late instar larva tissue feeding, cones created by rolling leaf.................................... Caloptilia H̹bner ¶

- On Diospyros hillebrandii and D. sandwicensis (Ebenaceae) , Oahu.................... C. mabaella (Swezey) ( Fig. 73D )

- On Myrica faya (Myricaceae) , Hawaii (Big Island)............... Caloptilia sp. nr. schinella † (= coruscans (Walsingham))

- Late instar larva tissue feeder in blotch mine elongated along the leaf edge; the leaf edge at the blotch is narrowly folded down; on Terminalia catappa (Combretaceae) , Oahu.................................................... Ketapangia sp.

* This key, where only mines and/or cocoons have been examined, but not larvae or adults, can serve only as a partial aid to determination.

¶ Zimmerman (1978a); † Markin (2002); Perreira and Yee (2016) §.

Figures

FIGURE 73. Resting posture of adult Philodoria and Caloptilia. A P. molokaiensis, Molokai, CJ229, host: Lysimachia hillebrandii, B P. splendida, Oahu, CJ319, host: Metrosideros polymorpha, C Same species, Oahu, D Caloptilia mabaella, Lanai, CJ333, host: Diospyros sandwicensis, E P. lama, Maui, CJ190, F Same species, Maui, CJ194.