Cynops ensicauda ( Hallowell, 1861 )
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.26879/503 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0149542F-5C39-352F-5BEE-B74A3C7B35CD |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Cynops ensicauda ( Hallowell, 1861 ) |
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Cynops ensicauda ( Hallowell, 1861) View in CoL —Sword-tailed Newt
Figure 7 View FIGURE 7
Occurrence (MNI). Minatogawa: 20; Sashiki (lower unit): 51, (upper unit): 1.
Referred material. Minatogawa: 8 atlantes ( YMHF-MA 012), 32+ postatlantal precaudal vertebrae ( YMHF-MA 013), 35 humeri (20 right and 15 left: YMHF-MA 014), and 23 femora (11 right and
12 left: YMHF-MA 015); Sashiki (lower unit): 3 maxillae (2 right and 1 left: RUMF-GF-04032), 1 parietal-prootic-exoccipital (RUMF-GF-04033), 1 frontal (left: RUMF-GF-04035), 2 squamosals (right: RUMF-GF-04036), 9 dentaries (6 right and 3 left: RUMF-GF-04037), 5 atlantes (RUMF-GF-04038), 108 postatlantal precaudal vertebrae (RUMF-GF-04039), 25 ribs (14 right and 11 left: RUMF-GF-04040), 85 humeri (41 right and 44 left: RUMF-GF-04041), and 92 femora (51 right and 41 left: RUMF-GF-04042); Sashiki (upper unit): 1 maxilla (right: RUMF-GF-04043) and 3 postatlantal precaudal vertebrae (RUMF-GF-04044).
Axial skeletons. The referred postatlantal precaudal vertebrae ( Figure 7.1–7.4 View FIGURE 7 ) are referred to salamandrid newts in having an opisthocoelous centrum and a high neural spine (as opposed to an amphicoelous centrum and a low and flattened neural spine in cryptobranchids and hynobiids [ Estes, 1981; Venczel, 1999], the other Caudata known from Japan). They differ from those of Echinotriton andersoni (the other salamandrid newt of the Central Ryukyus) in having a smooth dorsal surface of the horizontal plate at the top of the neural spine; zygapophyses that position dorsal to the diapophyses; a round condyle with a precondylar constriction; and laminae that fringe anterior margins of the parapophyses (see also below). They resemble those of Cynops ensicauda , and differ from those of the mainland Japanese congener C. pyrrhogaster in having an anteroposteriorly flattened (vs. less flattened) condyle and a strong (vs. weak) precondylar constriction. The atlantes ( Figure 7.5, 7.6 View FIGURE 7 ) are referred to this species on the basis of morphological differences from that of syntopic E. andersoni : less-developed crests on lateral sides of the neural arch and the lack of extensive dermal ossification on the dorsal surface of the neural spine (see below).
Cranial and postcranial skeletons. The other elements are referred to the species on the basis of several morphological differences from those of E. andersoni (see also below): the lack of an extensive dermal sculpturing in several cranial elements (frontal, squamosals, parietal-prootic-exoccipital [ Figure 7.7 View FIGURE 7 ], and maxillae [ Figure 7.8 View FIGURE 7 ]); a maxilla with a relatively short, posteriorly broadened, and dorsally turned posterior process (also differs from that of C. pyrrhogaster with a more short posterior process); a delicate dentary ( Figure 7.9 View FIGURE 7 ) with a medially exposed anterior subdental ditch and a notch for the prearticular that extends anteriorly to the midpoint of the bone; a truncate rib ( Figure 7.10 View FIGURE 7 ) with a single knob-like epipleural process; a straight and slender humerus ( Figure 7.11 View FIGURE 7 ) with a thin and angulated radial margin; and a stout femur ( Figure 7.12 View FIGURE 7 ) with a concavity at the distal part of the flexor surface of the fibular condyle (indicated by an arrow).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.