taxonID	type	description	language	source
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	description	Buthus crassicauda orientalis: Kraepelin, 1913: 124. Androctonus crassicauda orientalis: Vachon, 1959: 124; Vachon, 1966: 210; Habibi, 1971: 42; Pérez Minocci, 1974: 18. Androctonus amoreuxi baluchicus: Kovařík, 1997: 39.	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Persia, now Iran, Esfahan Province, Kashan (MNHN). Geographical distribution Central Iran between Alborz, Zagros, and the eastern belt of Iran (Barahoei et al., 2020 b). Material examined (11 specimens including five female and six male) 1 ♂ * (Figure 1) (ZMFUM), Esfahan prov., Maranjab, 33 ° 57 ′ N, 51 ° 25 ′ E, 8 September 2008, O. Mirshamsi leg.; 2 ♀ * (Figure S 1) (RIZ), Khur and Biabanak, 33 ° 52 ′ N, 55 ° 07 ′ E, 10 June 2023, M. Elahi leg.; 1 ♀ * (Figure S 2) (RIZ), Nain, 32 ° 52 ′ N, 53 ° 04 ′ E, 2020, M. Elahi leg.; 1 ♂ * (ZMFUM), Hamadan prov., Akenloo, 35 ° 36 ′ N, 48 ° 11 ′ E, June 2011, A. Mahmoudi leg.; 1 ♂ * (RIZ), Qom prov., Qom, 35 ° 05 ′ N, 51 ° 41 ′ E, 9 August 2023, K. Seyedabadi leg.; 2 ♀ *, 1 ♂ * (RIZ), Yazd prov., Ardakan, 32 ° 19 ′ N, 54 ° 02 ′ E, 2022, M. Elahi leg.; 2 ♂ * (RIZ), Bafgh, 31 ° 37 ′ N, 55 ° 23 ′ E, 2021, M. Elahi leg. Diagnostic characters Scorpions with medium to large size, adult body length from 67.1 to 83.3 mm for male and 70.3 to 88.9 mm for female individuals (Table S 1); overall body color black (Figure 1 A), pectin cream, sometimes end of third to fifth sternite is light (Figures 1 B and 2 B); width of end carapace longer than its length (Table S 1), surface densely granulated except for lateral end, carinae fully developed, central median and posterior median carinae not connected (Figure 2 A); pedipalp segments almost elongated (Figure 2 C), length of femur 3 times the width, length of patella about 2.5 times the width, chela smooth, carinae faded, manus wider than patella (Figures 2 C and S 3), movable finger with 14 – 16 rows of oblique teeth, with external and internal accessory granules and four terminal granules; beginning of mesosomal tergites smooth and their ends granulated, ends of first to sixth tergites with three carinae, seventh tergite with five carinae, seventh sternite with four almost developed carinae, presence of submedian carinae only in front half of segment; number of pectin teeth 27 – 32 in male (Figures 1 B and 2 B) and 22 – 26 in female specimens (Figures S 1 and S 2), in males the tip of pectin reaches first half of fifth sternite and after the junction of the trochanter with coxa on fourth leg (Figure 1 B), but in females it reaches first half of fourth sternite and before the junction of the trochanter with coxa (Figure S 3); dorsal lateral carinae with long cuneiform granules in posterior part of all metasomal segments (Figures 2 D, 2 F, and S 3), all segments with sparse setae, segment I wider than long, segment II equal to or wider than length, other segments longer than wide, anal arch with three toothed lobes in lateral part (Figure 2 F); telson elongate in both sexes, with sparse setae, dorsal surface smooth, telson depth / length = 0.41 in males and females, telson width / length = 0.42 in males and 0.43 in females (Table S 1). Androctonus rostami sp. nov. (Figures 3 – 7)	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	description	Geographical distribution Populations of this species are distributed in the east of the eastern mountainous belt of eastern Iran (Barahoei et al., 2020 b; Barahoei, 2022).	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined (71 specimens including 28 female, 42 male, and 1 subadult) 1 ♂ * † (RIZ), Hormozgan prov., Bandar Abbas, 27 ° 13 ′ N, 56 ° 20 ′ E, 23 October 2022, M. Shahi leg.; 2 ♂ * (ZMFUM), 27 ° 24 ′ N, 56 ° 24 ′ E, 12 February 2018, H. Barahoei leg.; 2 ♂ (ZMFUM), 27 ° 16 ′ N, 56 ° 20 ′ E, 11 May 2018, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ * (RIZ), 27 ° 21 ′ N, 56 ° 41 ′ E, 29 November 2021, M. Shahi leg.; 1 ♀ *, 1 ♂ (RIZ), Khamir, 27 ° 28 ′ N, 55 ° 24 ′ E, 14 June 2023, M. Shahi leg.; 2 ♀ * (ZMFUM), Port of Moallem, 26 ° 40 ′ N, 55 ° 04 ′ E, 10 April 2018, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), Qeshm, 8 April 2018, H. Barahoei leg. - 1 ♀ * (RIZ) (PP 535683), Kerman prov., Dalfard, 28 ° 08 ′ N, 57 ° 31 ′ E, 25 October 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; - 1 ♂ * (ZMFUM), Razavi Khorasan prov., Khaf, 34 ° 32 ′ N, 60 ° 09 ′ E, 4 June 2017, H. Zanganeh leg. - 1 ♀ (RIZ) (PP 535676), Sistan and Baluchestan prov., Chabahar, 25 ° 15 ′ N, 60 ° 50 ′ E, 25 February 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 3 ♂ * † (RIZ), 27 ° 18 ′ N, 62 ° 24 ′ E, 6 July 2023, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), Iranshahr, 27 ° 15 ′ N, 60 ° 43 ′ E, 26 March 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ (ZMFUM), 26 ° 50 ′ N, 60 ° 10 ′ E, 1 August 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 2 ♀ (ZMFUM), 21 ° 19 ′ N, 60 ° 45 ′ E, 27 October 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ (RIZ), Khash, 28 ° 11 ′ N, 60 ° 41 ′ E, 12 June 2023, F. Vahidinia leg.; 2 ♀, 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), 28 ° 22 ′ N, 61 ° 01 ′ E, 25 September 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ (RIZ) (PP 535677), Nikshahr, 26 ° 04 ′ N, 60 ° 10 ′ E, 28 February 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), 26 ° 05 ′ N, 60 ° 01 ′ E, 3 May BARAHOEI et al. / Turk J Zool 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), 26 ° 03 ′ N, 59 ° 46 ′ E, 6 June 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ (RIZ) (PP 535678), 26 ° 04 ′ N, 59 ° 43 ′ E, 3 September 2017, H. Houti leg.; 2 ♀ * (Figure 5) (RIZ), Nimruz, 30 ° 58 ′ N, 60 ° 31 ′ E, 5 July 2017, M. N. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ * (Figure 3) (RIZ), 9 June 2020, M. N. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ † (RIZ) (PP 535679), 30 ° 39 ′ N, 60 ° 44 ′ E, 10 May 2021, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ † (RIZ), 30 ° 53 ′ N, 60 ° 26 ′ E, 19 March 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ * † (RIZ) (PP 535680), 30 ° 58 ′ N, 60 ° 31 ′ E, 21 March 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ * (RIZ) (PP 535681), 31 ° 00 ′ N, 60 ° 38 ′ E, 9 July 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ † (RIZ) (PP 535682), 31 ° 08 ′ N, 60 ° 23 ′ E, 17 October 2023, M. N. Barahoei leg.; 3 ♀ *, 2 ♂ * (RIZ) (PP 535684), Saravan, 27 ° 36 ′ N, 62 ° 41 ′ E, 15 September 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 2 ♀ †, 3 ♂ * † (RIZ) (PP 535686 - PP 535688), 27 ° 28 ′ N, 62 ° 11 ′ E, 21 September 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 2 ♂ (RIZ), 27 ° 16 ′ N, 62 ° 26 ′ E, 7 October 2022, M. Nouri leg.; 1 ♀ (ZMFUM), Zahedan, 29 ° 26 ′ N, 60 ° 30 ′ E, 3 February 2018, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ † (Figure 7) (RIZ), 30 ° 09 ′ N, 60 ° 45 ′ E, 16 March 2023, F. Vahidinia leg.; 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), 28 ° 36 ′ N, 60 ° 46 ′ E, 9 July 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ † (RIZ) (PP 535685), 29 ° 25 ′ N, 60 ° 10 ′ E, 13 August 2023, H. Barahoei leg. - 1 ♀, 4 ♂ (RIZ), South Khorasan Prov., Nehbandan, 31 ° 32 ′ N, 60 ° 00 ′ E, 5 June 2022, M. Hashemzahi leg.; 2 ♀ *, 6 ♂ * (2 male and 2 female specimens sent to ZMCBSU), 31 ° 23 ′ N, 60 ° 43 ′ E, 2 July 2022, N. Hashemzahi leg.; 3 ♀, 2 ♂ (sent to MHNG), 31 ° 27 ′ N, 60 ° 40 ′ E, 10 September 2022, N. Hashemzahi leg.; 1 subadult (RIZ), 31 ° 24 ′ N, 60 ° 41 ′ E, 2 October 2022, N. Hashemzahi leg.	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	etymology	Etymology This species is named after Rostam, a legendary hero of Persian mythology whose life and work was immortalized by the 10 th-century Persian poet Ferdowsi in the Shahnameh, or Epic of King s.	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Scorpions with body length 61.3 to 83.7 mm for male and 61.2 to 87.4 mm for female individuals (Table S 1); overall body color black (Figures 3, 5, and 7), carapace with dense granules except for lateral ends (Figures 4 A and 6 A); pedipalp slightly elongated, length of femur 3 to 3.4 times the width, patella 2.3 to 2.7 times the width (Table S 1), chela smooth, manus wider than patella (Figures 4 C and 6 C), movable and fixed fingers with 13 – 15 rows of oblique teeth; beginning of mesosomal tergites smooth and their ends granulated, sternite VII with four nearly developed carinae, submedian carina present only in anterior half of segment, number of pectin teeth 27 – 34 in males (Figures 3 B and 4 B) and 22 – 26 in females (Figures 5 B and 6 B); metasomal segment I wider than long, other segments longer than wide; dorsal lateral carina of metasomal segment V with granule at beginning and a smooth edge posteriorly, ventral lateral carina toothed, with large cuneiform granule posteriorly (Figures 4 D, 4 E, and 6 D – 6 F), anal arch with three almost rounded lobes in lateral part (Figures 4 E and 6 F).	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFC19602FF3AFEA8FB1231B6.taxon	description	Description: Female, holotype (RIZ-And- 237) (Figures 5 and 6). Size: Body length 80.0 mm (Table S 1). Coloration: Body’s overall color black, pectin cream, sternites III – V and end part of legs brown (Figures 5 and 6). Chelicera: With two lateral teeth on ventral surface of fixed finger, movable finger with equal internal and external end teeth. Carapace: Trapezoid, width at end greater than length, surface with dense granules except for lateral end part, carinae fully developed and central median and posterior median carinae not connected (Figure 6 A), front margin of carapace straight in lateral view, with two to five very long setae, median eyes located in front part of prosoma, with five pairs of lateral eyes, two of which are smaller and may be confused with granules. Central median and posterior median carina with almost large continuous granules, central lateral carina with large and separate granules, intercarinal surface with few granules and smooth areas especially in the margins. Legs: Tarsomeres densely setose, with dense hair comb on all legs (Figure 5). Pedipalp: Slightly elongated, femur 3.3 times longer than wide (Figure 6 C), intercarinal surface with granules, with five distinct carinae, prodorsal and retrodorsal carinae with dense granules, retroventral carinae faded and with only a few granules, proventral carina with dense granules, promedian carina with large and separate cuneiform granules; patella 2.5 times longer than wide (Figure 6 C), intercarinal surface with small granules, with eight carinae, prodorsal and proventral carinae with large and separate cuneiform granules, prodorsal carina densely granulated, retrodorsal and dorsal median and retroventral carinae obliterated (with smooth ridges), proventral carina with dense granules; chela smooth, carina faded, manus wider than patella, finger length slightly longer than manus length (Figure 6 C), movable finger with 14 or 15 rows of oblique teeth with external and internal accessory granules and three terminal granules, fixed finger with 14 rows of oblique teeth with internal and external teeth. Trichobothriotaxy: Aβ type, with 39 trichobothria on each pedipalp; femur with 11 trichobothria (five dorsal, four internal lateral, two external lateral); patella with 13 trichobothria (five dorsal, one internal, seven external); chela with 15 trichobothria (eight on manus, seven on fixed finger); esb, Esb, and Eb 3 trichobothria reduced; trichobothria et located near beginning of tooth row 5 and trichobothria est located near middle part of tooth row 7. Mesosoma: Beginning of tergites smooth and their ends granulated, end of first to sixth tergites with three carinae, seventh tergite with five carinae, presence of median carina only at first half of segment and weakly granulated (Figure 6 A); third to fifth sternites without carina, middle part of median carina (near the setae) and end half of submedian carina and upper part of respiratory opening (horizontally) granulated in sixth sternite. Seventh sternite with four developed carinae, sublateral carina faded in anterior and end part of segment, intercarinal surface without granule (Figure 6 B); number of pectin teeth 25 | 26, tip of pectin reaching first half of fourth sternite and before the junction of the trochanter with coxa of fourth leg (Figure 6 B); pectins with three marginal lamellae and eight middle lamellae, lamellae with many brown setae, each fulcrum with 2 – 4 brown setae; sternum pseudopentagonal type I, longer than wide, with deep median depression; genital operculum completely bisected lengthwise, with short and smooth spines (Figure 6 B). Metasoma: Segment I wider than long with 10 carinae, dorsal lateral and lateral median carinae with long cuneiform granules posteriorly, lateral inframedian, ventral lateral and ventral submedian carinae with distinct granules; segments II – III longer than wide, with eight carinae, dorsal lateral and lateral median carinae with long cuneiform granules posteriorly, lateral inframedian carina obliterated, with one or two large granules at end of segment, ventral lateral carina granulated, ventral submedian carina granular and with smooth edges; segment IV longer than wide, with eight carinae, dorsal lateral and lateral median carinae with long cuneiform granules posteriorly, absence of lateral inframedian carina, ventral lateral carina granulated, ventral submedian carina granulated and with smooth edges, end half with irregular granules (Figures 6 D – 6 F); segment V longer than wide, with five carinae, dorsal lateral carina with a granule at the beginning and smooth edge posteriorly, absence of lateral median and lateral inframedian carinae, ventral lateral carina toothed, with large cuneiform granule posteriorly, ventral median carina with serrated granules on front part and smooth edge at end, presence of five long setae on lateral surface of segment (Figures 6 D – 6 F); all segments with very sparse setae, anal arch with three lobes in lateral part, first lobe rounded, large, and always with groove (Figure 6 F); ventral intercarinal surface of segments II – V granulated (Figure 6 E). Telson: Elongate, with sparse setae, without subcaval tooth, ventral surface with ridge and granulated, dorsal surface smooth (Figures 6 D – 6 F); telson depth / length = 0.37, telson width / length = 0.46 (Table S 1). Description: Male, paratype (RIZ-And- 235) (Figures 3 and 4). Male same as female with the following differences: Body length 83.6 mm (Table S 1), body color darker than female, end of third to fifth sternite light yellow, length of femur 3.2 longer than wide, length of patella 2.5 longer than wide, movable finger with 15 rows of oblique teeth, fixed finger with 14 or 15 rows of oblique teeth, number of pectin teeth 31 (Figure 3 B), tip of pectin reaching middle of fifth sternite and after the junction of the trochanter with coxa of fourth leg (Figure 3 B), telson depth / length = 0.38, telson width / length = 0.46 (Table S 1).	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFCB9604FF3AFF49FB553305.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Iran, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, city of Hamun, Koush-e Sofla village (ZMFUM). Geographical distribution This species is endemic to southeastern Iran (north of Sistan and Baluchestan Province) (Barahoei, 2022; Barahoei et al., 2022 a). Material examined (11 specimens including three female, seven male, and one subadult) 1 ♀ * (ZMFUM), Sistan and Baluchestan prov., city of Hamun, 31 ° 07 ′ N, 61 ° 37 ′ E, 3 September 2018, E. Mirshekar leg.; 2 ♂ * † (Figure S 4) (RIZ) (PP 535691), 30 ° 53 ′ N, 61 ° 23 ′ E, 16 July 2022, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ * (RIZ), 30 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 25 ′ E, 11 September 2023, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ † (RIZ), Mirjaveh, 28 ° 11 ′ N, 60 ° 41 ′ E, 11 July 2022, F. Vahidinia leg.; 1 ♂ (RIZ) (PP 535690), Zabol, 31 ° 00 ′ N, 61 ° 30 ′ E, 28 August 2023, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ * (ZMFUM), Zahak, 30 ° 51 ′ N, 61 ° 26 ′ E, 20 April 2016, Z. Mir leg.; 1 ♂ * (RIZ), Zahedan, 29 ° 57 ′ N, 60 ° 53 ′ E, 2 April 2016, N. Harati leg.; 1 ♂ * (Figure 8), 1 subadult (RIZ) (PP 535689), 29 ° 00 ′ N, 61 ° 27 ′ E, 3 July 2022, F. Vahidinia leg.; 1 ♀ * (RIZ), 28 ° 11 ′ N, 60 ° 41 ′ E, 1 June 2023, F. Vahidinia leg. Diagnostic characters (Figures 8 and 9) Medium-sized scorpions, adult body length 60.9 – 64.9 mm for male and 48.7 – 77.9 mm for female individuals (Table S 1); overall color yellow, metasomal segments IV – V and telson black (Figure 8 and S 4); width of end of carapace greater than length, dorsal surface with dense granules (Figure 9 A), front margin with 7 – 9 very long setae; pedipalp segments relatively short (Figure 9 C), length of femur 3 times the width, length of patella 2.5 times the width, chela smooth and flat, manus wider than patella, finger length about 3 times the length of manus, movable finger with 14 or 15 rows of oblique teeth, with external and internal accessory granules and four terminal granules; beginning of mesosomal tergites smooth and granulated at ends, end of first to sixth tergites with three carinae, end of seventh tergite with five carinae (Figure 9 A), seventh sternite with four almost developed carinae (Figure 9 B), number of pectin teeth 26 – 29 in males (Figures 8 B and 9 B) and 23 in females, in males tip of pectin reaches first half of fifth sternite and after the junction of the trochanter with coxa in fourth leg (Figures 8 B and 9 B), but in females it does not reach this area; sternum pseudopentagonal type I, longer than wide; all metasomal segments sparsely setose, segment I wider than long (Table S 1), other segments longer than wide, anal arch with three toothed lobes in lateral part (Figure 9 E), ventral intercarinal surface of segments IV – V finely and sparsely granulated (Figure 9 D), telson elongated in both sexes, almost without setae, without subcaval teeth, ventral surface with ridges (Figures 9 D and 9 E), dorsal surface smooth, telson depth / length = 0.42 in males and 0.46 in females, telson width / length = 0.33 in males and females (Table S 1).	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
03C787A6FFCA9606FF3AFCC7FF453305.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Iraq, Dhi Qar Province, Al-Kar region (Al-Nasr town) (AZMM). Geographical distribution This species is distributed in eastern Iraq and southwestern Iran (Barahoei et al., 2020 b; Al-Khazali and Yağmur, 2023). Material examined (11 specimens including five female and six male) 1 ♀ * (Figure S 5), 1 ♂ * (Figure 10) (ZMFUM), Khuzestan prov., Ahvaz, 31 ° 30 ′ N, 48 ° 58 ′ E, 13 July 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♂ * (ZMFUM), Ramhormoz, 31 ° 15 ′ N, 49 ° 22 ′ E, 13 July 2017, H. Barahoei leg.; 3 ♀ *, 3 ♂ * (ZMFUM), 31 ° 16 ′ N, 49 ° 34 ′ E, 2021, H. Barahoei leg.; 1 ♀ *, 1 ♂ (ZMFUM), Shush, 32 ° 04 ′ N, 48 ° 14 ′ E, 13 July 2017, H. Barahoei leg. Diagnostic characters (Figures 10 and 11) Total length 64.8 – 73.3 mm in male and 62.5 – 85.1 mm in female individuals (Table S 1); body dark brown in females and brown in males (Figures 10 and S 5); carapace carinae with large and rounded granules, median eyes separated by nearly two ocular diameters, five pairs of lateral eyes (Figure 10 A); pedipalps stocky and moderately long, sparsely setose without carinae, femur moderately slender, internal surface of manus densely covered with fine granules in males and moderately in females, manus wider than patella, fingers moderately elongated, evenly curved (Figure 11 A), movable finger with 14 – 16 rows of oblique teeth, with external and internal accessory granules and four terminal granules, trichobothrium et located between est and dt, and proximal to dt; number of pectin teeth 28 – 32 in males (Figure 10 B) and 23 – 25 in females (Figure S 5); metasoma very sparsely setose with all segments robust, segments I – III wider than long; segments IV – V longer than wide (Figure 11 C), all segments wider than deep (Figure 11 B), dorsal lateral carinae of metasomal segment V strong with rounded granules anteriorly, without granules posteriorly (Figure 11 B), ventral median carina moderate with moderate and rounded granules on segment V (Figure 11 C); anal arch with three large lobes on lateral (Figure 11 B); telson slender and not setose, telson depth / length = 0.44 in males and 0.46 in females, telson width / length = 0.36 in males and 0.37 in females (Table S 1). Affinities: Androctonus rostami sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Iranian Androctonus by the following characters: Overall coloration is black in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 3, 5, and 7) and A. crassicauda (Figure 1), whereas it is brown in A. sumericus (Figure 10) and yellow in A. sistanus (Figure 8). The ventral lateral carinae of metasomal segment V of A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 E and 6 F) and A. crassicauda (Figure 2 F) do not bear large granules, whereas those of A. sumericus bear somewhat large denticles (Figure 11 B). Middle part of median carina, end part of sublateral carina, and upper part of respiratory opening in the sixth sternite are granulated in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 B and 6 B) and A. crassicauda (Figure 2 B), whereas there are no carinae on the sixth sternite in A. sumericus (Figure 10 B). Dorsal lateral carinae of metasomal segment V are serrated anteriorly and have pointed granules in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 E and 6 F) and A. crassicauda (Figure 2 F), whereas they are rounded anteriorly in A. sumericus (Figure 11 B). Intercarinal surface of sternite VII is smooth (or sometimes with some large granules) in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 B and 6 B) but has fine and abundant granules in A. crassicauda (Figure 2 B). Lateral surface of sternites III – VI is smooth in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 B and 6 B) but they are covered with granules in A. crassicauda (Figure 2 B). Posterior lateral carina of carapace faded in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 A and 6 A) but present in A. crassicauda (Figure 2 A). Number of granules on carapace surface in A. rostami sp. nov. (Figures 4 A and 6 A) less than that in A. crassicauda (Figure 2 A). The range of distribution of two species is entirely separate: A. crassicauda is distributed in the center and A. rostami sp. nov. in the eastern and southern highlands of Iran.	en	Barahoei, Hossein, Mirshamsi, Omid, Amiri, Masoumeh, Moeinadini, Asma, Rakhshani, Ehsan (2025): Integrative taxonomy reveals the existence of a new species of fat-tailed scorpions, Androctonus (Buthidae), in Iran. Turkish Journal of Zoology 49 (2): 48-74, DOI: 10.55730/1300-0179.3213, URL: https://doi.org/10.55730/1300-0179.3213
