identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C708157D4BDB237560FE53FBECD843.text	03C708157D4BDB237560FE53FBECD843.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triebelina indopacifica van den Bold 1946	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TRIEBELINA INDOPACIFICA VAN DEN BOLD, 1946</p>
            <p> The present 3D reconstructions illustrate the major morphological characters of  T. indopacifica . The two largest valves have a wide calcified inner lamella and are adult (Figs 3C; 4C). In both specimens, the AMS are located within the cavity underlying the swelling of the ventro-lateral ridge but are weathered and cannot be satisfactorily observed. </p>
            <p>The RV (Fig. 5) is small, thin-walled, and has a narrow calcified inner lamella; it is an instar. The AMS pattern is plain, consisting of eight elongate scars organised in four parallel diagonal rows (Fig. 5C). The species identification of this juvenile is uncertain.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C708157D4BDB237560FE53FBECD843	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Forel, Marie-Béatrice;Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie;Korat, Lidija;Maddocks, Rosalie F.	Forel, Marie-Béatrice, Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie, Korat, Lidija, Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2024): Ornate Bairdiidae (Ostracoda) in 3 dimensions: exploring carapace morphology and pore canals of Triebelina van den Bold, 1946, Nodobairdia Kollmann, 1963 and Mirabairdia Kollmann, 1963. Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (11): 137-159, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11
03C708157D4BDB277560FC3DFBCFDE62.text	03C708157D4BDB277560FC3DFBCFDE62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nodobairdia mammillata Kollmann 1963	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> NODOBAIRDIA MAMMILLATA KOLLMANN, 1963</p>
            <p>External structures</p>
            <p> The type material of  Nodobairdia mammillata (type species of  Nodobairdia Kollmann, 1963 ) was incrusted with sediments that limited the observations, but allowing the recognition of its diagnostic features (Kollmann 1963). The 3D investigation offers the unique opportunity to virtually remove all sediment masking inner and outer morphology and characters of the valves. Based on the size diagram in Forel &amp; Moix (2020), the dimensions of the isolated LV studied here (Appendix 1) may correspond to a submature A-1 stage (Fig. 6), while the carapace corresponds to a younger juvenile, possibly of A-3 stage (Fig. 7A-F). </p>
            <p> The diagnostic features of  Nodobairdia mammillata include three aligned subventral nodes, two dorsal nodes at LV and four subdorsal nodes at both valves, the anterior and posterior ones being oblong (Kollmann 1963). In this species, the antero-dorsal and postero-dorsal nodes at LV are reduced in submature stages and adults, and the subventral nodes coalesce in adults (Kollmann 1963). These features are observed in our largest LV (Fig. 6A), confirming its submature stage, while the strong antero-dorsal node and unfused subventral nodes of the carapace (Fig. 7A, B) confirm that it represents a younger stage. The coalescence of the ventral row of nodes in the largest LV confirms the  N. mammillata attribution and differentiates it from  N. verrucosa Kollmann, 1963 . </p>
            <p> The 3D investigation of the LV shows that the wall is actually thickened between the two dorsal nodes (Fig. 6 A-C). The convexity in the lateral outline is formed by a dorsal ridge that seems to develop quite late during the ontogeny, as it is less prominent in the carapace (Fig. 7A-C). The macro-ornamentation features are covered with verrucae (Figs 6A; 7A, B) that are also visible for instance in Kristan-Tollmann (1978, 1986) and Dépêche &amp; Crasquin-Soleau (1992). The median surface, which is delimited by the subventral and subdorsal structures, displays a reticulum made of round, large and deep fossae; they are more developed in the isolated LV and mainly seen on individual scans (Fig. 6H, I). The three subventral nodes delimit a flat and smooth ventral surface (Figs 6G; 7D). The anterior extension, termed “nose”, was taken as a subgeneric marker of  Triebelina (Nodobairdia) by Bolz (1971b), who considered it as antero-ventral marginal denticles interconnected by a calcitic layer, i.e., a frill. This structure appears to be hollow in the isolated LV (Fig. 8A, B), but it is impossible to confirm whether a radial pore canal is present. A tiny opening seems to be present at the extremity of the nose in the LV of the carapace, but the definition of the scan does not allow further precision. In both LV, the postero-ventral margin is thickened and bears three parallel rows of full spines that are more strongly developed in the largest LV; they also develop anteriorly and are interrupted by the oral concavity (Fig. 6G). The thickened portion of the carapace is separated from the actual margin by a narrow flat area (Fig. 7D). </p>
            <p> The lateral surface of  Nodobairdia mammillata also displays at least 14 nodules that are distributed in a recognizable pattern at each valve (Fig. 8). These nodules have never been described, but they are visible in specimens from the Norian-Rhaetian of Australia (Dépêche &amp; Crasquin-Soleau 1992), Ladinian, Carnian and Rhaetian of Hungary (Monostori &amp; Tóth 2014) as well as Carnian of Sicily (Crasquin et al. 2018). They are symmetrical between the valves and are here labelled from 1 to 14 in the LV and from 1’ to 14’ in the RV. All of them are recognized in the juvenile carapace (Fig. 7A-F) and submature LV(Fig. 7G), indicating that they may be fully acquired quite early in the ontogenetic development of the species. They are further described and discussed below. </p>
            <p>Internal structures</p>
            <p>The calcified inner lamella of the largest LV extends from the antero-dorsal margin to slightly higher than the posterior border; in lateral view it is very reduced along the ventral margin and shows maximum of width along the antero-ventral margin (Fig. 6B). The vestibule is very narrow. The inner surfaces are carved by:</p>
            <p>– four subdorsal cavities corresponding to the subdorsal nodes, in both valves. In the isolated LV, the cavities are shallower below the anterior and posterior nodes, corresponding to a thickening of the nodes themselves (Fig. 6B);</p>
            <p>– two dorsal cavities corresponding to the dorsal nodes, in the left valves. They are very reduced in the submature LV, corresponding to particularly thick areas of the valve;</p>
            <p>– three deep ventral cavities in the carapace and an elongate lineation ventrally, with the three main cavities corresponding to the three aligned ventral nodes, nearly coalescing in the isolated LV (Fig. 6D). Overall, the submature LV displays thicker structures compared to those of the younger carapace;</p>
            <p> – the circular AMS spot is located in a shallow cavity around mid-length and slightly below mid-height in the isolated LV (Fig. 6B). It is composed of at least nine subcircular to subrectangular individual scars organized into three rows: a ventral arcuate row of four scars, a median row (apparently incomplete) of three scars, and an upper row of two scars (Fig. 6J). Other scars (frontal, mandibular) are not observed. The AMS pattern of  Nodobairdia was never reported so far. Kristan-Tollmann et al. (1980) labelled the individual scars of Triassic ornate forms from a to g, surrounding a central h scar that can be doubled or tripled (see Forel &amp; Chitnarin 2023 for summary). The h-scars are typically arranged horizontally next to each other, the inner one being larger than the outer one: this pattern is observed here in the  N. mammillata LV with a possibly triple h-scar (Fig. 6J). This observation is of major importance, as changes in the number of scars h are associated with the typical Triassic evolutionary stage of the AMS (Kristan-Tollmann et al. 1980). The d-scars are also generally divided into three to five small scars, but only one is observed here. The scars recognized here, from a to triple h, display the same position and relative size compared to other ornate  Bairdiidae that have been so far studied (Forel &amp; Chitnarin 2023: fig. 5); they are considered homologous. </p>
            <p> Kollmann (1963) mentioned a hinge composed of a simple bar in the RV, protruding at the anterior and posterior ends, and a corresponding furrow in the left valve, which is the usual condition in  Bairdiidae . Kristan-Tollmann (1971) described the hinge as a long, straight and smooth bar with triangular anterior and posterior lists and corresponding furrow. The preservation of the hinge in both specimens does not allow any precise observation, but the scans of the carapace reveal the details of the dorsal contact of the valves: the RV is nested in the LV at the posterior end (Fig. 8D, E), the overlap of LV on RV develops until the mid-part of postero-dorsal node, is interrupted along dorsal border (Fig. 8D, F) and resumes from the anterior part of the antero-dorsal node to the anterior margin (Fig. 8D, G). </p>
            <p>The carapace also allows observation of the ventral contact of the valves, which we here describe following the terminology used in Adamczak (1976) and Olempska (1999). As mentioned above, the RV is posteriorly nested into LV. The contact develops into a sort of contact groove (Fig. 8H, I) that progressively reduces and flattens until the anterior end of the posterior subventral node, where the ventral contact consists of RV being overlapped by LV (Fig. 8H, J). An anterior contact groove progressively redevelops around mid-part of the median subventral node until the anterior end of the anterior subventral node (Fig. 8H, K).</p>
            <p>Auxiliary (bairdoppilate?) teeth and sockets are poorly developed on the carapace, possibly being less expressed in juveniles, but they are visible anteriorly on the isolated LV, more clearly on individual scans than on reconstruction (Fig. 8A, C). Kristan-Tollmann (1971) mentioned six to eight small teeth in the RV; five sockets are clearly seen in the studied LV, three additional being more questionable because of preservation.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C708157D4BDB277560FC3DFBCFDE62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Forel, Marie-Béatrice;Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie;Korat, Lidija;Maddocks, Rosalie F.	Forel, Marie-Béatrice, Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie, Korat, Lidija, Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2024): Ornate Bairdiidae (Ostracoda) in 3 dimensions: exploring carapace morphology and pore canals of Triebelina van den Bold, 1946, Nodobairdia Kollmann, 1963 and Mirabairdia Kollmann, 1963. Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (11): 137-159, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11
03C708157D4FDB397560F918FB5CDCC0.text	03C708157D4FDB397560F918FB5CDCC0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triebelina indopacifica van den Bold 1946	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TRIEBELINA INDOPACIFICA</p>
            <p>Marginal pores</p>
            <p> In  Triebelina sp. , six large marginal spines are visible along the postero-ventral margin (Fig. 9A, B). They are hollow, but no setae are associated with them. A tiny pore is also visible at the base of each spine (Figs 5A; 9B), which houses the marginal setae (eyelash setae ofMaddocks 2013). The associated radial pore canals cannot be tracked through the entire thickness of the valve wall because of low resolution. The two adult specimens of  Triebelina indopacifica are overall more worn, and marginal spines are less well preserved, although they have been illustrated on the type material (van den Bold 1946: fig. 7). Four broken marginal spines occur along the antero-ventral margin of the smaller LV, and minute structures along the posteroventral margin (Fig. 4). </p>
            <p>Lateral normal pores</p>
            <p> In all three  Triebelina specimens, lateral NPC cross the entire thickness of the valve perpendicularly to the surface (Figs 3H, I; 5H, I). They are not uniformly distributed, as they are closely associated with macro-ornamentation and less abundant in uniquely micro-ornamented zones (Figs 3J; 4H; 5J). On the scans and 3D reconstructions, these macro-ornamentation related canals are rarely observed to cross the thickest portion of ornamentation features, while they are more abundant on the SEM images (Figs 3A; 4A; 5A). These differential observations are, therefore, related to the resolution of the CT-scan, small pore canals being undetected. The following preliminary description consequently focuses on the largest pore canals clearly observable through scans. </p>
            <p> Two rows of pore canals border the ventral ridge of all specimens and the median bulge in the case of  T. indopacifica (Figs 3J; 4H; 5J). Dorsally, they are also distributed into two rows along the horizontal ridge as well as the anterior and posterior lateral vertical elements. In areas lacking macro-ornamentation, pores are mainly located at the anterior and posterior ends of the lateral surface, where the crests and ventral ridge interrupt, but this pattern is strongly biased by the resolution limits of the CT-scan. The smallest LV of  T. indopacifica displays numerous pore canals through the thickest parts of the macro-ornamentation, mainly through the posterior portion of the ventral ridge, while they are less numerous near the AMS (Fig. 4H, I). Overall, a certain polarity of the distribution of canals for all the three valves studied is visible, with denser distribution along the ventral margin compared to the dorsal area. </p>
            <p> The smaller LV of  T. indopacifica displays a unique set of nine double pore systems aligned in two rows above the anterior termination of the ventral ridge (Fig. 4 H-J). At the time of writing, we are not aware of any previous work reporting such systems of double pore canals in ostracods. These canals are relatively narrow, and they cross the valve thickness while being very closely positioned, nearly touching each other. The possibility that they may correspond to artifacts is precluded, as their respective walls are clear and coherent in axial, coronal and sagittal views. One anastomosed pore canal is also seen at the posterior end of the ventral ridge of the same LV (Fig. 4I, K). Such unique pore systems, their relation to setae and calcification, and taxonomic significance should be appropriately investigated in the future. Overall, the area of the ventral ridge in  T. indopacifica here appears as the richest in terms of diversity of pore canal morphologies. </p>
            <p> The position of pores regarding reticulation is shown in Figs 3J; 4H; 5J. The reticulation at the surface of all macroornamental areas (dorsal, ventral and median ridges) is blurred and it is impossible to determine the relationship of pores to reticulation. In other areas, pores in all three  Triebelina specimens are intramural. Further analysis of juvenile specimens will be of importance to compare the ontogeny of pore systems with the ontogenetic history of calcification. The study of complete carapaces will clarify how pore canals are organized in the two valves of these highly asymmetrical ostracods, if the asymmetry of the valves also corresponds to an asymmetry of the pore systems. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C708157D4FDB397560F918FB5CDCC0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Forel, Marie-Béatrice;Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie;Korat, Lidija;Maddocks, Rosalie F.	Forel, Marie-Béatrice, Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie, Korat, Lidija, Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2024): Ornate Bairdiidae (Ostracoda) in 3 dimensions: exploring carapace morphology and pore canals of Triebelina van den Bold, 1946, Nodobairdia Kollmann, 1963 and Mirabairdia Kollmann, 1963. Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (11): 137-159, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11
03C708157D52DB3B76C9FBFEFCFADF23.text	03C708157D52DB3B76C9FBFEFCFADF23.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bairdiidae Sars 1888	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> TRIASSIC  BAIRDIIDAE</p>
            <p> The virtual cleaning of all specimens has revealed the presence of canals in different areas of the valves.In some areas, dissolution occurred and can be easily recognized as corresponding to groups of holes of different sizes underlain by disturbed sediment. The two specimens of  N. mammillata are the most significant with the most abundant pores being preserved.We recognize three types of pores: NPC, pustule-related pores, and marginal pores that may have carried eyelash setae. Most of them are filled with sediment that is clearly recognizable from the valve wall by its distinct contrast (Fig. 10B, C, F). </p>
            <p>Normal pores</p>
            <p> They are spread over the surface of each valve. Three main distribution zones are recognized: in association with macro-ornamentation (nodes and ridge), in association with microornamentation on the median surface (reticulation) and through nodules. They are all straight, conical with the larger opening inside. Only a few canals cross the heaviest parts of the subdorsal and subventral ornamentation of  N. mammillata (Fig. 10A). In the largest LV, they are located in the ventro-marginal region of the two median nodes, where they are aligned and organized in a radiating pattern (Fig. 10A, C). In the carapace, they occur at all subdorsal nodes at both valves (Fig. 10D, E). </p>
            <p> Pore canals associated with subdorsal nodes are labelled from 1 to 6 at LV and 1’ to 6’ at RV, all being in recognizable positions regarding nodes (Fig. 10A, D, E). The smallest specimen lacks the systems 3/3’ and 5/5’, possibly indicating that they may appear later in the ontogeny of the species. Among the few works that discussed pores in  Bairdiidae, Maddocks (2013) mentions that pores of different sizes occur in adults, the largest being those that appeared earlier in the development of the species. In the present case, pore systems 4, 5 and 6 in the adult LV (Fig. 10A) are large and roughly similar in size. Additional tiny structures are visible within the subdorsal nodes but the resolution hampers on the determination of their nature. Specimens of  N. mammillata illustrated in Kristan-Tollmann (1978) show unrimmed pores of type A’ located between the subdorsal nodes (Fig. 1M). These structures are not observed in any of the two specimens studied, most likely because of preservation and/or resolution. </p>
            <p> In  N. mammillata and  M. pernodosa , pores are more densely seen in association with reticulation in the median area (Fig. 10A, D, E, G). This pattern differs from what has been observed in  Triebelina where pores appear less abundant in this area. However, in the three Triassic specimens studied, the pores appear to be intrasolar, which probably means that the supposed sola are compound with poorly developed second-order muri within.  M. pernodosa displays one pore canal going through a nodule (Fig. 10G). The study of complete and better preserved  Mirabairdia specimens will be necessary for further discussion and comparison. </p>
            <p>Nodular pores</p>
            <p> The lateral surface of  N. mammillata displays at least 14 nodules in a symmetrical pattern between RV and LV (Fig. 7). The 3D tomography reveals that these nodules are actually hollow and penetrated by tiny pore canals that can only be fully studied with higher resolution scans (Fig. 8H, I). They can easily be recognized in several of the published specimens, for instance in Dépêche &amp; Crasquin-Soleau (1992). It is uncertain whether the pores illustrated byKristan-Tollmann (1978) from the Carnian of Italy (Fig. 1M) correspond to these nodular pores; she illustrated such pores at the base of the two median subdorsal nodes, where they are not seen in the present analysis. This disparity needs to be verified with high resolution investigation of well-preserved specimens. The level of significance of this pattern for  N. mammillata also remains to be investigated. Other species such as  Nodobairdia verrucosa Kollmann, 1963 seem to also display such structures, but until type specimens are re-analysed, it is hard to determine whether the pattern of nodular pores is of specific or supra-specific significance. </p>
            <p>Marginal pores</p>
            <p> The largest LV of  N. mammillata displays a series of narrow canals aligned along the anteroventral margin (Fig. 11). These structures are elongate in coronal view and small round cavities in axial view. They cannot be tracked along their entire length through the valve thickness because of their small diameter that is close to the resolution limit of the CT-scan. However, their position perpendicular to the valve margin and their regularly spaced disposition reminds radial pore canals. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C708157D52DB3B76C9FBFEFCFADF23	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Forel, Marie-Béatrice;Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie;Korat, Lidija;Maddocks, Rosalie F.	Forel, Marie-Béatrice, Poulet-Crovisier, Nathalie, Korat, Lidija, Maddocks, Rosalie F. (2024): Ornate Bairdiidae (Ostracoda) in 3 dimensions: exploring carapace morphology and pore canals of Triebelina van den Bold, 1946, Nodobairdia Kollmann, 1963 and Mirabairdia Kollmann, 1963. Comptes Rendus Palevol 23 (11): 137-159, DOI: 10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/cr-palevol2024v23a11
