identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03C287B3C14BFF9AFE926967FEA1442A.text	03C287B3C14BFF9AFE926967FEA1442A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pritchardia G & J & C 2013	<div><p>Pritchardia n. gen.</p><p>Generic Diagnosis.— Anoplocephalidae, Linstowiinae. Strobilae very small, apolytic, with maximum of 3 acraspedote segments. First segment not conspicuously divided from scolex. Genital Anlagen visible in first developing segment, 2 nd proglottid mature, 3 rd proglottid gravid, longer than wide. Scolex with 4 unarmed suckers. Neck absent. Cirrus with rugose covering of minute spines. Vas deferens long and coiled, extending from external seminal vesicle to pyriform cirrus sac. External seminal vesicle present. Testes occupying medial part of segment mostly anterior to ovary. Ovary diffuse and reticulate, located posterior to cirrus sac in posterior 1/2 of proglottid generally on the poral side of the segment, never crossing osmoregulatory canals. Vitellarium diffuse, located near posterior margin of mature proglottid. Uterus ephemeral, forming egg capsules, each with a single egg. Vagina entering genital atrium dorsally, extending antiporad from atrium posteriad toward seminal receptacle. Seminal receptacle not overlapping cirrus sac and always anterior to or at same level as anteriormost ovarian follicles. Genital pores alternating regularly. Genital ducts cross excretory canals ventrally.</p><p>Taxonomic Summary</p><p>Etymology.— Pritchardia is named after Dr. Mary Lou Pritchard, former curator of the HWML Parasite Collection and director of the Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, the University of Nebraska State Museum. Dr. Pritchard established the H. W. Manter Laboratory after the untimely death of Dr. Harold. W. Manter in 1971. The generic name is used as feminine.</p><p>Diagnosis.— Pritchardia n. gen. is established to include species of cestodes that have an unarmed rostellum, unarmed suckers, suckers that are not covered in pockets of tissue and have compact vitellaria, a diffuse reticulate ovary, minute strobila, and eggs in capsules. The new genus is assigned to the Anoplocephalidae: Linstowiinae because eggs occur in capsules scattered throughout the medullary parenchyma of the gravid segment of each cestode; each egg capsule contains a single egg. In gravid segments, eggs are located only in the central medulla.</p><p>Species of Pritchardia can be recognized as distinct from other species included in the 13 genera of the Linstowiinae as follows: absence of lappets on suckers and single set of genitalia per segment while species in Tupaiataenia Schmidt and File 1977 and Panceriella Stunkard 1969 are characterized by having lappets and double genitalia, respectively. The diffuse vitellarium located in the posterior part of the segment distinguishes species in the new genus from three other genera including Linstowia Zschokke 1899 and Echidnotaenia Beveridge 1980, in which the vitellarium is elongated, and from Gekkotaenia Bursey, Goldberg and Kraus 2005, which has both the vitellarium and ovary in a poral position. Testes in Pritchardia n. gen. are located anterior to the vitelline gland and lateral to the diffuse, reticulate ovary, contrasting with the antiporal testes in Gekkotaenia and with the arrangement of testes divided in two lateral groups in both Cycloskrjabinia Spasskii 1951 and Witenbergitaenia Wertheim, Schmidt and Greenberg 1986 . Pritchardia n. sp. have testes lateral to and anterior to the ovary which contrasts to the arrangement in species of Atriotaenia Sandground 1926, Oochoristica Lühe 1898, and Semenoviella Spasskii 1951 . In Pritchardia n. gen., all proglottids are acraspedote in contrast to the craspedote nature of Atriotaenia, Witenbergitaenia, Paralinstowia Baer 1927, and Mathevotaenia Akhumyan 1946 . Lastly the genital ducts pass ventrally to the osmoregulatory canals while species of Sinaiotaenia Wertheim and Greenberg 1971 have genital ducts passing between osmoregulatory canals.</p><p>Pritchardia n. gen. shares several characters with species described in the genus Paralinstowia . However, species of Pritchardia have much smaller strobilae, fewer testes, a shallower genital atrium, ovoid to pyriform cirrus sac, well developed seminal receptacle, and an external seminal vesicle located at the extreme distal end of a convoluted seminal duct. In addition, the ovary in Pritchardia is reticulate in nature and the vitelline gland is diffuse this is in sharp contrast to the compact vitelline gland and tight bilobed ovaries of species of Paralinstowia . Finally, proglottids are acraspedote in Pritchardia and strongly craspedote in Paralinstowia .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B3C14BFF9AFE926967FEA1442A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gardner, Scott L.;Jiménez, F. Agustín;Campbell, Mariel L.	Gardner, Scott L., Jiménez, F. Agustín, Campbell, Mariel L. (2013): Pritchardia Boliviensis N. Gen., N. Sp. (Anoplocephalidae: Linstowinae), A Tapeworm From Opossums (Didelphidae) In The Yungas And Lowlands Of Bolivia And Atlantic Forest Of Paraguay. Occasional Papers of the Museum 319: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748532
03C287B3C14AFF9CFEAA6BFFFC38448A.text	03C287B3C14AFF9CFEAA6BFFFC38448A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pritchardia boliviensis G & J & C 2013	<div><p>Pritchardia boliviensis n. sp.</p><p>(Fig. 1)</p><p>General (based on 38 whole mounts).—Strobilae small consisting of no more than three acraspedote proglottids. Total length 652 – 1,829 (1,304, 21%, n=30). Scolex unarmed, calyciform, conspicuously wider than proglottids 192 – 397 (285, 18%, n=34) long, 227 – 479, (376, 17%, n=35) wide. Suckers oval, with complete, thick muscular walls 66 – 199 (147, 27%, n=134) long, 69 – 216 (155, 22%, n=136) wide. Suckers not able to retract into pockets and no tissue evident that would act as pockets for suckers. Neck absent. First proglottid not differentiated from scolex 49 – 415 (191, 66%, n=32) long, 37 – 409 (238, 50%, n=32) wide. Genital Anlagen visible in first segment and, depending on age of specimen, showing varying degrees of development, with different level of development in each specimen. Second proglottid, mature, 99 – 313 (189, 28%, n=35) long and 19 – 471 (261, 51%, n=34) wide. Third proglottid, gravid, 226 – 1,285 (789, 40%, n=27) long, 174 – 382 (265, 20%, n=27) wide. Through strobila, genital pores appear to alternate sides regularly. Genital pore located in anterior quarter of proglottid. Genital ducts crossing osmoregulatory canals ventrally.</p><p>Female reproductive system.—Ovary diffuse, reticulate, transversally elongated from medial part of segment toward proximal part of cirrus sac and situated posterior to cirrus sac and seminal receptacle. Mehlis’ gland appears dorsal to vitelline gland. Vitelline gland located near distal part of segment, usually medial, appearing diffuse with duct exiting dorsad passing through Mehlis’ gland traveling to join oviduct just distal to seminal receptacle. Vagina originating dorsally at genital pore about 5 µm antiporal and directed mediad and expanding to form a seminal receptacle just past cirrus sac. Seminal receptacle provided with a single duct directed posteriad branching almost immediately with oviduct directed posteriad then turning anteriad toward ovary. Branch to uterus not seen. Uterus immediately developing single egg capsules in gravid segments. Eggs scattered through medulla of proglottid, rarely filling whole segment. Onchospheres 36 – 55 (44, 14%, n=19) in diameter. Egg 20 – 30 (23, 11%, n=19). Handle of embryonic hooks 5 – 8 (7, 13%, n=8) long and blade 3 – 5 (4, 16%, n=8) long (Fig. 1B).</p><p>Male reproductive system.—Three to five testes, lateral to and mostly anterior to reticulate ovary, visible in 2 nd proglottid. Cirrus covered with minute rugose epithelium (arrow in Fig. 1C), convoluted within cirrus sac when invaginated. Cirrus sac ranging from almost circular to pyriform in shape; longitudinal axis of cirrus sac forming right angle with lateral margin of proglottid, in mature proglottids sac 60 – 130 (88, 17%, n=33) long, 41 – 59 (51, 8%, n=34) wide; duct 18 – 61 (27, 33%, n=31) long; in gravid proglottids sac 63 – 106 (85, 14%, n=24) long, 23 – 60 (51, 14%, n=24) wide, duct short 11 – 35 (24, 26%, n=25). Testes almost circular in outline 14-38 (28, 31%, n=8 by 17-38 (28, 27%, n=8). From testes, vasa efferentia connecting to a short vas deferens and then to a well developed external seminal vesicle which then connects via an exceptionally long and convoluted seminal duct, surrounded by glandular tissue. This duct then connects to the cirrus sac.</p><p>Taxonomic Summary</p><p>Type Host.— Marmosops noctivagus (Tschudi 1844) [white-bellied slender opossum].</p><p>Type Locality.— Bolivia: Cochabamba: 9.5 km by road NE of Tablas Monte, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-65.98472&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-17.041388" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -65.98472/lat -17.041388)">Río Jatun Mayu</a>; 17º02'29" S, 65º59'05" W (by GPS); 1500 m.</p><p>Symbiotype (see Frey et al. 1992).— Marmosops noctivagus, MSB catalog number MSB70278, Division of Biological Materials, New Mexico cryovoucher number (NK) NK30324. Collected on 14 July 1993.</p><p>Parasymbiotypes (from localities other than type locality and type host).— Metachirus nudicaudatus (Geoffroy 1803) [brown four-eyed opossum]; collection locality: Bolivia, La Paz, La Reserva: lat. 15º44' S, 67º31'W; 840 m. Colección Boliviana de Fauna (CBF) catalog number CBF2310, Division of Biological Materials, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-67.51667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-15.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -67.51667/lat -15.733334)">New Mexico</a> cryovoucher number NK25551. Collected on 24 July 1992. Gracilinanus sp., collection locality: Paraguay: Alto Paraná: Estación Biológica Limoy (Parcela 2): lat. 24º43'52.1" S, long. 54º24'42.4" W; 230m. Collected on 15 March 2008. Texas Tech Museum number (TK)TK192462. Marmosops dorthea (Thomas 1911), collection locality: Bolivia: Santa Cruz, 3.5 km w. Pailón, estación on railroad: lat. 17º39' S, long. 62º45' W; 300 m. MSB55070, NK12286. Collected on 24 September 1984. Marmosops noctivagus, collection locality same as type locality. MSB catalog number MSB70279, NK30340. Collected on 16 July 1993. Other specimens examined from hosts not in host parasymbiotype series: Marmosops noctivagus, collection locality same as type locality. MSB catalog number MSB140355, NK30327. Collected on 15 July 1993.</p><p>Parasite Specimens Deposited.— HOLOTYPE HWML49845, New Mexico cryovoucher number (host NK no.) NK30324, specimen labeled “a” on slide; PARATYPES (three specimens mounted on same slide as holotype from host no. NK30324), labeled as “c, d, e”. Additional paratype slides: HWML49271 (one slide from host no. Texas Tech (TK) TK129462), seven slides labeled as HWML49272 (from host no. TK129462), and four slides with 17 specimens (HWML49847 from host no. NK30324), 15 specimens on four slides labeled as HWML49848 from host no. NK30327, and 20 specimens on five slides labeled as HWML49849 from host no. NK30340. FIOCRUZ-CHIOC 37318-19 (host nos. NK22551 and TK 129462), UNAM-CNHE6422 (host no. NK25551), UNAM-CNHE6423 (host no. TK129462), and USNPC103071-72 (host no. NK25551 and no. TK129462) .</p><p>Site of Infection in Host.—Anterior portion of small intestine, duodenum.</p><p>Etymology.—The species is named after the country of Bolivia from which the first specimens were discovered.</p><p>Remarks.— Pritchardia boliviensis n. sp. can be separated from all other species of anoplocephalid cestodes known on the basis of the extremely small strobila, the acraspedote proglottids, small number of testes, a reticulate ovary, the presence of an external seminal vesicle separated from the cirrus sac by a convoluted glandular seminal duct, the presence of a well developed seminal receptacle, and an almost round cirrus sac. In addition, P. boliviensis has a reticulate ovary and a relatively diffuse vitellarium and both immature and mature proglottids (1 st and 2 nd) are wider than long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287B3C14AFF9CFEAA6BFFFC38448A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gardner, Scott L.;Jiménez, F. Agustín;Campbell, Mariel L.	Gardner, Scott L., Jiménez, F. Agustín, Campbell, Mariel L. (2013): Pritchardia Boliviensis N. Gen., N. Sp. (Anoplocephalidae: Linstowinae), A Tapeworm From Opossums (Didelphidae) In The Yungas And Lowlands Of Bolivia And Atlantic Forest Of Paraguay. Occasional Papers of the Museum 319: 1-12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748532
