taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CEA72AFF930D1AEE367646117B993A.taxon	description	Figs 1 – 2	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF930D1AEE367646117B993A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined Holotype m # (IBC-BO 403): Parvati Nagar (N 26.6262, E 92.7752, alt.: 71 m), Tezpur, Assam, India, 25. iv. 2020, Anuja Mital leg.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF930D1AEE367646117B993A.taxon	description	Description of male Head (Fig. 1 a). Eyes pale brown, darker dorsally. Face uniformly yellow, marked as follows: labium light brownish, labrum with medial and postclypeus with paired dark yellow markings, and frons slightly greenish. Labrum 2.5 times as wide as long, frons expanded. Ocellar region depressed and black between lateral ocelli and frons. First antennal segment black at the base, remainder yellow; second antennal segment black at the base, remainder orange-yellow; filament black. Median ocelli wider than lateral ocelli. Vertex and occipital ridge yellow, black at their boundary. Thorax (Figs 1 b, d). Prothorax yellow, with a distinctive black marking, widely expanded on anterior lobe, center of median lobe with paired yellow spots. Pterothorax yellow, marked with black: anterior portion of mesostigma, faint L-shaped markings along dorsal carina, two nail-shaped markings pointing forward on mesepisternum, thin stripe across upper margin of mesepimeron, junction of metepimeron and metepisternum faintly black. Antealar ridge conspicuous, black, and lined with small black spines, junction of dorsal carina forming a small, sharply pointed spine approximately midway between wing base and mesostigma. Legs black, marked with blackish brown: stripes across tibiae, posteriorly, two stripes on femur, fainter on metafemora. Covered with long, black spines across mid-axis; spines on femur small and sparse. Claws black. Wings (Figs 1 c, e) hyaline, membrane extended and yellow, pterostigma and costal margin pale brown, pterostigmal brace present. Antenodals (1 st and 4 th primary) 10 on FW, 7 (right), 8 (lef) on HW. Postnodals 7 on FW, 7 (lef), 8 (right) on HW. Median space and triangles not crossed. One cubito-anal vein each in all wings. Hind margin of HW not excavated, smoothly rounded. Anal triangle one-celled, indistinctly defined. Anal loop absent. Discoidal field of FW starting with two cells, expanded to 8 cells towards margin. MA continuous to wing margin without any branching. Single row of cells between CuA and MP, cells in 2 – 4 rows near margin. Single row of cells between RP 2 and IRP 2 throughout, two rows in lef HW near margin. Abdomen (Figs 1 b, d). Ground color on S 1 – 2 yellow, S 3 to anterior half of S 7 bluish-gray, yellow from there. Auricles small, yellow; covered with black spines. Marked black as follow: S 1 – 7 with annules at posterior margin, short on S 1, longitudinal paired black markings on S 2 – 6: markings connected to black rings on S 3 – 6, faint black spots on S 7 – 10: near posterior border on S 7 – 8, at anterior margin on S 9 – 10. Dorsal section of S 10 extended, lateral margin excavated. S 10 is expanded between branches of cerci; a hood-like lamina is present, covering downwardly curved, horn-like, paired structures with black apices. Vesica spermalis (Figs 4 a – c). Hamuli yellow. Anterior hamuli thin, long, ending in a shoulder and anteriorly pointed hook, apical spine black. Posterior hamuli long, saddle-shaped, and covered with bristles; anterior margin curved. V 1 rounded, junction of V 1 and V 2 sharply curved. V 3 simple, laterally slightly expanded with two yellow spots on ventral face. V 4 dark brown, rounded; apices excavated ventrally ending in a small curved filament. Caudal appendages (Figs 4 d – f). Cerci extended 1.6 times as far as epiproct. Cerci blade-shaped, darker on inner side, with a small basal spine, lower margin curved slightly inwards. Epiproct fused at base, widely divergent, appearing triangular in lateral view, upper margin ridge-like; ending in upwardly pointed black spines. Measurements. Abdomen + caudal appendages = 27.1, FW = 24.6, HW = 23.2.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF930D1AEE367646117B993A.taxon	discussion	Discrepancies in previous illustrations Three different sources have provided illustrations of the caudal appendages of Anormogomphus heteropterus, viz., 1) Selys & Hagen (1858), 2) unpublished watercolor painting by Severin (see Material and methods for the link), and 3) Fraser (1926; republished in 1934). These three sources do not agree well with each other, and the first two are very schematic, not showing any finer details of the structure. Only Drawing 1 (Fig. 4 a) depicts the structure of cerci accurately. In Drawing 2 (Fig. 4 b), the basal spine of cerci is not figured at all, whereas in Drawing 3 (Fig. 4 c) the basal spine of cerci seems exaggerated, and the paraprocts are very thin and curved sharply upwards. In the holotype male, the cerci are broken, which might explain the discrepancy in the illustrations by Selys, especially with regard to the first two of the three illustrations mentioned above. The third drawing in Fig. 4 a-iii seems to be showing the broken appendages of the holotype (compare with Fig. 3 c). The male described in the present study has a peculiar structure at the base of the caudal appendages (highlighted with an arrow in Fig. 2 d), made up of two lobes with black apices. These structures appear to be sclerotized extensions of the S 10, but they were not mentioned in any description or considered in any illustration of this species. From the examination of the type specimen it is clear that they are present (pointed out with an arrow in Fig. 3 d). Additionally, in Fraser (1926, p. 735), the figure for A. kiritshenkoi Bartenev, 1913 clearly shows these structures, but they are not explicitly discussed anywhere. This evidence clearly suggests that these basal structures are a characteristic of the genus Anormogomphus Selys, 1854, but this still needs to be confirmed and described for A. kiritshenkoi by studying fresh specimens.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF930D1AEE367646117B993A.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Superficially, this species resembles some members of Burmagomphus Williamson, 1907, Cyclogomphus Selys, 1854, and Platygomphus Selys, 1854. From these genera it is differentiated by: (a) single-celled anal triangle (Fig. 1 c), (b) base of HW rounded (not excavated; Fig. 1 c), (c) lateral margin of S 10 curved (Fig. 2 e), (d) shape of caudal appendages (Figs 2 d – f), and (e) shape of vesica spermalis (Figs 2 a – c). This species belongs to the genus Anormogomphus based on the shape of its caudal appendages (cerci pointed with basal spine, and epiproct divaricate), tornus of HW rounded with a single-celled anal triangle, anterior hamuli with an apical hook, and a pale ground coloration with an unmarked face. Anormogomphus heteropterus differs from A. kiritshenkoi Bartenev, 1913 by: (a) cerci with a reduced basal spine (basal spine prominent in the former), (b) smaller size (abdomen length 25 – 27 vs. 29 – 31 in A. kiritshenkoi, (c) thorax with black markings (unmarked in the former), and (d) black annules with dorsal markings on S 1 – 7 (abdomen unmarked in A. kiritshenkoi). Anormogomphus kiritshenkoi also has a much more westerly distribution with no known records from east of Kashmir in India.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF930D1AEE367646117B993A.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and habitat This species was observed on the terrace of a residential building while resting on an ornamental plant (Dracaena sp.) at around 18.00 h. This building is situated in a semi-urban area, surrounded by many buildings. There are some ponds nearby and the Brahmaputra River is ~ 1 km away. Anormogomphus spp. are weak fliers known to occur in sandy areas. The locality in which our single male was encountered is most definitely not the natural habitat of this species, and the banks of Brahmaputra River nearby and the surrounding region might be where this species breeds. The male observed by us appeared to have freshly emerged judging by its shiny wings and abdomen.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF970D17ED62775F106F953B.taxon	description	Figs 5 – 6	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF970D17ED62775F106F953B.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype m # (IBC-BO 402): Rudra Padh Temple on the bank of Brahmaputra River (N 26.6158, E 92.7711, alt.: 64 m), Tezpur, Assam, India, 6. v. 2020, Shantanu Joshi and Anuja Mital leg.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF970D17ED62775F106F953B.taxon	etymology	Etymology Named in honor of Monisha “ Ben ” Behal (founder, North East Network), and Rita Banerji (founder, Green Hub) for their pioneering work across two decades. Both women have been empowering and training the youth of northeast India to become change-makers, working towards creating ecological security, sustainable livelihoods, and social change. The species epithet is the feminine genitive plural created from combining the two names Ben and Rita.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF970D17ED62775F106F953B.taxon	description	Holotype male Head (Fig. 5 a). Eyes turquoise blue. Labium yellow, face dark brown, covered with hairs on the sides, faint yellow paired spots on labrum, anteclypeus paler brown, large paired blue spots covering almost the entire postfrons, postfrons with brown setae. Blue and brown bands on the first and second segments of antenna, filament black. Labrum 2.3 times as wide as long. Ocellar region sky-blue, junction of frons and vertex white, vertex black, occiput pale bluish yellow, occipital ridge black with a yellow spot. Thorax (Figs 5 c – e). Prothorax yellow with median lobes. Pterothorax black, marked with greenish yellow as follows: mesothoracic collar, dorsally with oval spots, stripe on mesepisternum, laterally broadly yellow with black stripes across sutures. Legs black, profemora internally marked yellow, covered with black spines; coxae yellow. Venter of thorax and base of legs slightly pruinose. Wings (Fig. 5 b). Base of wings and membranes yellow. Pterostigma dark brown, pterostigmal brace present. Antenodals (1 st and 5 th primary) 12 (right), 13 (lef) on FW, 9 (right), 10 (lef, one incomplete nervure at end) on HW. Postnodals 8 on all wings. Base of HW slightly excavated. Anal triangle three-celled, triangular and slightly curved along the margin. Anal loop absent. One cubito-anal vein each in all wings. Discoidal field of FW starting with two rows of cells, three rows from the level of node; expanded towards the margin. Single rows of cells between CuA and MP, and between RP 2 and IRP 2, two rows near margin. Abdomen (Figs 5 c – e). Narrow up to anterior half of S 7, S 8 expanded, S 9 – 10 tapering. Black marked with yellow. S 1 to base of S 3 laterally greenish yellow, S 3 – 7 with basal annules, broken on S 3 and extensive on S 7. Auricles triangular, pointed. S 2 – 3 with a mediodorsal triangular marking pointing posteriorly, small faint dorsal spots on S 4 – 5. Markings gradually turning yellowish brown, especially from S 7. S 9 with paired dorsal markings along lateral margins and a small marking on the posterior border; S 10 dark brown. Vesica spermalis (Figs 6 a, b, d). Genital lobe expanded, brown. Anterior hamuli short, simple, rounded, and covered with setae on apices. Posterior hamuli longer, shaped like a wrench; apical anterior margin notched, apices anteriorly curved, ending in a spine. V 2 simple, rounded at edges, ventrally marked white. V 3 curved at base, with a ventral beak-like prepuce, broadening on the apices, V 4 with protuberances ventrally, saddle-shaped extensions; apical filaments short, apices anteriorly curved. Caudal appendages (Figs 6 c, e, f). Black, epiproct brown at base and laterally. Cerci 1.2 times longer than epiproct. Cerci expanded, trilobate; lateral margin forming a sharp spine at base, outer edge serrated, apices ending in two spines. Epiproct slightly divaricate, ending in an upwardly curved spine. Measurements. Abdomen + caudal appendages = 32.9, FW = 32.6, HW = 31.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF970D17ED62775F106F953B.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis This species is placed in the genus Platygomphus due to the shape of the male genitalia (ending with divergent apical filaments, Fig. 6 d), and anal triangle three-celled and curved along the margin. From P. dolabratus and P. feae, this species can be distinguished by: (a) the shape of its caudal appendages (bilobate, similar in P. feae but medial ridge prominent with the two lobes less furcated; Figs 5 e – f), (b) markings on face (labrum, clypeus, antefrons brown with pale bluish frons in P. benritarum vs. face extensively yellow; Fig. 5 a), and (c) shape of apical flagellum of V 4 (short and thick, vs. long in P. dolabratus and P. feae; Fig. 5 d). Platygomphus benritarum is also smaller (32.9 mm) than both of its congeners (40 mm in P. dolabratus and 35 – 37 mm in P. feae). Nodal index of P. benritarum is lower than that of P. dolabratus, comparable to P. feae. This species also resembles Asahinagomphus insolitus (especially with regard to the shape of its caudal appendages), but differs from it by the lateral thoracic markings, three-celled and curved anal triangle (twocelled and not curved in A. insolitus), hamuli (anterior hamuli small and simple) and vesica spermalis (apices of V 4 simple without filaments in Asahinagomphus).	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
03CEA72AFF970D17ED62775F106F953B.taxon	biology_ecology	Habits and habitat A single male was found resting on a large Ficus tree situated about 5 – 6 meters from the banks of Brahmaputra River near the Rudra Padh Temple at around 17.00 h. The habitat along the banks is dominated by grasses, sparse trees, paddy fields, and marshlands along with some forest patches and tree plantations (Fig. 7). Platygomphus spp. (especially P. dolabratus) are known to prefer lowland rivers with sandy banks and sparse vegetation, which also seems to apply to this species.	en	Joshi, Shantanu (2022): Platygomphus benritarum sp. nov. and rediscovery of Anormogomphus heteropterus Selys, 1854 (Odonata: Anisoptera: Gomphidae) from Tezpur, Assam, India. International Journal of Odonatology 25: 62-71, DOI: 10.48156/1388.2022.1917172, URL: https://doi.org/10.48156/1388.2022.1917172
