taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CC87E22365D922FF2CFC15FE931522.taxon	materials_examined	– Holotype: Brazil, Minas Gerais, in campis et sub rupibus prope Barauna [in fields and under rocks near Barauna – former name of the current Barão de Guaicuí, district of the municipality of Gouveia], Apr 1918, A. Silveira 697 (R [barcode R 000181868]!; isotype: UB!). – Fig. 1 – 6.	en	Andrino, Caroline Oliveira, Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel (2024): A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: a new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81-93, DOI: 10.3372/wi.54.54104, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104
03CC87E22365D922FF2CFC15FE931522.taxon	description	Description — Herbs annual, rupicolous, 1 – 12.5 cm tall. Roots capillary. Stem unbranched, restricted to rosette or etiolated, elongated, decumbent, thin, 0.1 – 8.8 mm long. Leaves rosulate or spiralled, green, linear-lanceolate, flat, 0.5 – 3 × 0.1 – 0.3 cm, membranous, pilose with short trichomes on both surfaces c. 1 mm long, central nerve visible up to ⅔ of length, margin ciliate, apex acute. Spathes 0.1 – 0.6 mm long, abaxial surface pilose, base with a tuft of long trichomes, margin ciliate, aperture oblique, apex acuminate. Scapes free, fasciculate, 1 – 35 per plant, green, 0.6 – 4.5 cm long, pilose with trichomes 0.2 – 0.5 mm long. Capitula cream-coloured, 2 – 6 mm in diam.; involucral bracts in 2 series; bracts of external series green, linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1.2 – 3 × 0.2 – 0.8 mm, surpassing length of flowers by 0.7 – 2 mm, pilose along central nerve abaxially, margin ciliate, apex acute to obtuse; bracts of internal series ovate, 1 – 1.2 × 0.7 – 1.4 mm, hyaline, surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to rounded. Floral bracts narrowly ovate, c. 1 mm long, hyaline, surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, apex obtuse. Flowers 3 - merous, diclinous, with pistillate flowers in periphery of capitula and staminate flowers in centre. Staminate flowers c. 1.5 mm long; pedicel c. 0.5 mm long, with trichomes c. 2 mm long; sepals 3, free, narrowly oblong, c. 0.5 mm long, hyaline, surfaces glabrous, margin ciliate, apex obtuse; androphore plus petals c. 1 mm long; petals 3, fused except free at apex, c. 0.3 mm long, hyaline, glabrous, margin entire; anthers dorsifixed; pistillodes filiform. Pistillate flowers 1.5 – 2 mm long; pedicel c. 0.5 mm long, pilose, trichomes equalling those of staminate flowers; sepals 3, oblongoblanceolate, c. 1 mm long, hyaline, enlarging and becoming hygroscopic in fruit, margin ciliate; petals 3, free, narrowly obovate, c. 0.5 mm long, hyaline, glabrous, apex fimbriate; staminodes absent; gynoecium with nectariferous and stigmatic branches inserted in column at same height; stigmatic branches 3, bifid, c. 0.8 mm long; nectariferous branches 3, c. ½ as long as stigmatic branches, papillose; ovary c. 0.5 mm long. Fruit a loculicidal capsule, dispersed as an entire unit by calyx (autochorous). Seeds reddish brown, ovoid, 390 – 500 × 230 – 290 µm; seed coat formed by irregular isodiametric cells, without appendages.	en	Andrino, Caroline Oliveira, Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel (2024): A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: a new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81-93, DOI: 10.3372/wi.54.54104, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104
03CC87E22365D922FF2CFC15FE931522.taxon	biology_ecology	Phenology — Collected with flowers and fruits in February, March, April, May and June; not observed during the dry season, when only dried and dead plants of the previous rainy season could be found (usually from July to October).	en	Andrino, Caroline Oliveira, Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel (2024): A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: a new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81-93, DOI: 10.3372/wi.54.54104, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104
03CC87E22365D922FF2CFC15FE931522.taxon	vernacular_names	Proposed vernacular name — “ sempre-viva-mínima ” (Portuguese). Following the suggestion of Marinho & Scatigna (2022), we propose a vernacular name for this species as a way to promote knowledge about it to the local communities and to address the urgency of promoting conservation actions to protect the species and its habitat. The proposed name considers the common name of many Eriocaulaceae species in Brazil (“ sempre-viva ” – Portuguese for “ everlasting ”) plus the specific epithet, which is easily relatable in Portuguese, meaning “ minimal ” or “ very small ”.	en	Andrino, Caroline Oliveira, Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel (2024): A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: a new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81-93, DOI: 10.3372/wi.54.54104, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104
03CC87E22365D922FF2CFC15FE931522.taxon	discussion	Taxonomic remarks — The morphologically most similar species to Giuliettia minima is G. bifida (Schrad.) Andrino & Sano, both species sharing the small, delicate habit and green involucral bracts surpassing the height of the flowers in the capitula. However, G. bifida presents a cylindric, erect, stiff, often brownish stem (vs acaulescent, or rarely with a filiform, slender, green stem in G. minima; Fig. 2 A – C, 3), leaves chartaceous with long trichomes and multiple parallel nerves (vs membranous, with short trichomes and a single central nerve) and the involucral bracts lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, both internal and exterior series with an acute apex, the external series green and the internal series bronze-coloured with hyaline margins (vs involucral bracts linear-lanceolate to narrowly ovate with an acute to obtuse apex in the exterior series [Fig. 2 E] and ovate with an obtuse apex in the interior series [Fig. 2 F], the external series green and the interior series hyaline [Fig. 3 F – G]). When describing Paepalanthus minimus, Silveira (1928) compared it with P. pullus Körn., which was kept in the genus Paepalanthus in the classification of Andrino & al. (2023 a). Paepalanthus pullus is distinct in having a dense rosette of glabrous leaves, scapes glabrous, involucral and floral bracts dark castaneous and stigmatic branches simple (Andrino & al. 2023 b).	en	Andrino, Caroline Oliveira, Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel (2024): A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: a new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81-93, DOI: 10.3372/wi.54.54104, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104
03CC87E22365D922FF2CFC15FE931522.taxon	materials_examined	Additional specimens examined — BRAZIL, MINAS GERAIS: Conselheiro Pena, Serra do Padre Ângelo, Pico da Bela Adormecida, 19 ° 19 ' 0.07 " S, 41 ° 34 ' 46.67 " W, 1400 m, 15 Mar 2021 (fl. / fr.), P. M. Gonella & al. 2303 (UB); ibid., 23 Feb 2022 (fl.), L. H. Rocha & al. 46 (UB); ibid., 11 May 2022 (fl. / fr.), P. M. Gonella & al. 3474 (MBML, UB); ibid., 9 Oct 2022 (fr.), P. M. Gonella & al. 3588 (UB); Serra da Palha Branca, 19 ° 20 ' 19.5 " S, 41 ° 33 ' 26.3 " W, 1080 m, 9 Jun 2020 (fl. / fr.), P. M. Gonella & al. 1286 (UB).	en	Andrino, Caroline Oliveira, Rocha, Luiz Henrique, Gonella, Paulo Minatel (2024): A tiny rediscovery in the Land of Giants: a new combination in Giuliettia (Eriocaulaceae, Poales) and other implications of finding Paepalanthus minimus again. Willdenowia 54 (1): 81-93, DOI: 10.3372/wi.54.54104, URL: https://doi.org/10.3372/wi.54.54104
