taxonID	type	description	language	source
03CCCC27FFDBFFB9FF1FFAF2CE9CFA0E.taxon	discussion	This species was studied and redescribed in a previous paper by Valladolid et al. (2021), including the morphology of larva, pupa, male and female; genetics; ecology; and distribution in the European countries. A dataset of specimens studied is also available (Valladolid et al. 2025).	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDBFFBDFF1FF9F6CE64F8BE.taxon	discussion	Introduction: This species has been found in southern France, in the Aveyron department.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDBFFBDFF1FF9F6CE64F8BE.taxon	etymology	Derivatio nominis: Derived from the name of the area where the new species has been found, the Grands Causses, a set of high calcareous plateaus that extend across the south of the Massif central of France.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDBFFBDFF1FF9F6CE64F8BE.taxon	materials_examined	Material Examined: Holotype ♂: FRANCE (CAU 2), river La Sorgue, source, Cornus, Aveyron, 43.877 ºN, 3.205 ºE, 574 m a. s. l., 20 / vii / 2013, leg. G. Coppa [T 5587 (OPIE)]. Paratypes: FRANCE, 1 ♂, river La Sorgue, source, Cornus, Aveyron, 20 / vii / 2013, (G. Coppa) [T 5587 (OPIE)]; 1 ♂ + 1 ♀, river Le Cernon, Saint Rome de Cernon, Aveyron, 21 / vii / 2013, (G. Coppa) [T 5580 (OPIE)].	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDBFFBDFF1FF9F6CE64F8BE.taxon	description	ADULT Figs 2 – 4 Colour: Specimens preserved in ethanol reddish brown dorsally, yellowish ventrally, spurs brown, setae brown, females generally darker than males; small black or dark brown spots in dorsal area. Forewings (Fig. 2 a) dark, each with small pale spots, two central transversal dark band (fascia) in distal area more or less conspicuous, with dark thick stigma (St) on leading edge between subcostal (Sc) and first radial (R 1) veins, hyaline circular zone in connection area of medial (M) and m-cu crossvein, crossveins connecting R 1 + R 2 (r) and fifth radial (R 5), and first medial (M 1) veins (r-m) present, crossveins connecting first (A 1) and second anal (A 2). Hind wings (Fig. 2 b) pale, each with dark thick stigma on leading edge between subcostal (Sc) and second radial (R 2) veins; proximal segments of medial vein (M) conspicuous, median crossvein m connecting M 2 and M 3 + 4 veins present; crossveins between fifth radial (R 5) and median vein (M) and between cubital Cu 1 a and median vein (M) present; proximal segment of first cubital (Cu 1 a-b) thicker. MALE Biometrics: Type series: Lengths: Body (distance from front of head to distal edge of segment IX): 8.5 – 10.2 mm (x ̄ = 9.3, SD = 0.85, n = 3), forewing 10.7 – 12.0 mm (x ̄ = 11.3, SD = 0.67, n = 3), hind wing 9.5 – 11.5 mm (x ̄ = 9.9, SD = 0.56, n = 3). Holotype male Lengths: Body, 10.2 mm, forewing 11.1 mm, hind wing 9.7 mm. Genitalia (Figs 3, 5): 2 nd segment of each inferior appendage (Figs 3 A, 5 a) with posterior edge slightly convex in centrodorsal area, ventral edge slightly convex, more than 2 times longer that dorsal edge; apicodorsal vertex of 2 nd segment ~ 135 ° and round, apicoventral angle ~ 60 °, projecting as thick lobe tapered to round apex. Parameres in ventral view curved posteromesad in distal half (Figs 3 BV, p; 5 c). In lateral view (Figs 3 BL, 5 d) each constricted 1 / 3 distance beyond base, dilated at middle, with round dorsal and ventral margins; along midventral margin two-three long, thick spines; midlateral surface with sparse spicules or setae, from middle posterodorsal to subposteroventral edges, decreasing slightly in size from ventral to dorsal edges. Aedeagus (phallicata) in lateral view (Fig. 3 CL) with anterodorsal margin and posterior corner of dorsal concavity hooked anterad, apical edge of aedeagus concave; ventral lobe of aedeagus in ventral view triangular, with round apex (Fig. 3 BV, vl), in lateral view vertical edge concave, posteroventral angle almost 90 º (Fig. 3 CL). In dorsal view posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus apically convex, apicolateral margins round (Fig. 3 CD, lvl). Apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view hexagonal, with maximum width in central area (Figs 3 DD, al; 5 b), with apicomesal excision; preanal appendages (Fig. 3 DD, pa) rectangular, 3 / 4 as long as apicodorsal lobe, round subapically and posterior edges convex. In ventral view, apical band pentagonal shaped (Fig. 3 DV, ab), longer than wide, its posterior arms parallel and round apically, its non-sclerotized mesal area triangular (Fig. 3 DV, va), anal sclerites triangular, posterior edges straight or slightly convex (Fig. 3 DV, as). FEMALE Biometrics: 1 female. Body length (distance from front of head to distal edge of segment VIII): 10.4 mm, each forewing 12.5 mm, each hind wing 10.9 mm. Genitalia (Figs 4, 7): In lateral view (Figs 4 L, 7 L), posterior margin of segment VIII valves on each side with three projections (dorsal, posterior and ventral) of similar size, margin oblique from dorsolateral to ventrolateral projections. In dorsal view (Figs 4 D, 7 D), with indentation between segment VIII valves enclosed by pair of dorsolateral triangular projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting oval space. In ventral view (Figs 4 V, 7 V) segment VIII valves forming two elongate sclerites, concave, diverging and separated basally; intersegmental membrane with pair of pale, ovoid or slightly elongate sclerites.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDBFFBDFF1FF9F6CE64F8BE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of males of Rhyacophila caussensis, R. fasciata and R. septentrionis Genitalia: In R. caussensis (Fig. 5 a) the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is concave in the middle and the ventral edge is more than 2 times longer than dorsal edge. In R. fasciata the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly concave dorsally and convex ventrally and the ventral edge is less than 2 times longer that dorsal edge (Fig 6 a). In R. septentrionis, (Fig. 23 a) the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly concave in the dorsal area and the ventral edge is about 2.2 times longer than dorsal edge. In R. caussensis the posterior edge of aedeagus is concave in lateral view (Fig. 3 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is triangular, with the apex round (Figs 3 BV, vl; 5 c), in lateral view angled, almost 90 º (Fig. 3 CL); posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus are convex; the apicolateral margins are rounded and the lateral margins are diverging anteriorly. In R. fasciata the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight, projected posteroventrad, and rounded at its posteroventral apex (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is subtriangular and round posteriorly (Fig. 6 c); the lateroventral lobes of the phallus are straight, its posterior edges convex, apicolateral margins rounded. In R. septentrionis the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight and projected posteroventrad in a small ventral apex in lateral view (Fig. 19 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is semicircular with the apex pointed (Figs 19 BV, vl; 23 c), in lateral view a small projection in posteroventral angle (Fig. 19 CL); posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus are convex; the apicolateral margins are rounded. In R. caussensis the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Figs 3 DD, al; 5 b) is hexagonal, with its maximum width in the central area, with deep apicomesal excision; the preanal appendages are rectangular, with posterior edges convex; the apical band in ventral view (Fig. 3 DV, ab) is pentagonal shape with its posterior arms parallel and directed posterad; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Fig. 3 DV, va) is triangular; the anal sclerites (Fig. 3 DV, as) are straight or slightly convex apically. In R. fasciata the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Fig. 6 b; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DD, al) is dilated subapicolaterally, almost round, with a shallow apicomesal excision in some specimens; the preanal appendages (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DD, pa) are round, convex laterally; the apical band in ventral view (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, ab) is pentagonal with its posterior arms widely separate and straight; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, va) is heart-shaped and with a wider posteromesal excision; the anal sclerites (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, as) are truncated apically. In R. septentrionis the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Figs 19 DD, al; 23 b) is dilated subapicolaterally, with a small apicomesal excision; the preanal appendages (Fig. 19 DD, pa) are round; the apical band in ventral view (Fig. 19 DV, ab) is V-shaped with its posterior arms almost parallel; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Fig. 19 DV, va) is oval, narrow; the anal sclerites (Fig. 19 DV, as) are concave apically. In R. caussensis the parameres in lateral view (Figs 3 BL, 5 d) are dilated in the middle, each has two-three thick spines on its midventral margin; the midlateral surface has sparse spicules or setae, decreasing slightly in size from ventral to dorsal areas. In R. fasciata the parameres in lateral view (Fig. 6 d; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 BL) are convex basally, with almost parallel dorsal and ventral margins in central area (S-shape), each has two rows of long, thick spines on the posterior midventral margin, each row with more than three spines pointing laterad; the midlateral surface has sparse fine setae from the middle of the anteroventral edge to the posterodorsal edge, covering most of apex, but absent in the middle anteroventral and posterodorsal edges. In R. septentrionis the parameres in lateral view (Figs 19 BL, 23 d) each without spines on its midventral margin, with few long, thick spines on its lateroventral area; the midlateral surface is covered by fine spicules or setae from middle to ventral edge, absent in middle anteroventral and posterodorsal edges. Diagnosis of females of Rhyacophila caussensis, R. fasciata and R. septentrionis Genitalia: In R. caussensis lateral view (Figs 4 L, 7 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves has an apicodorsal projection, together with a central and posteroventral projections, extending obliquely from anterodorsal to posteroventral areas. In R. fasciata lateral view (Fig. 8 L; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves is quadrate with an apicodorsal projection; the upper posterior margin is nearly vertical and with an irregular edge with one or two posterior sinuosities (Valladolid et al. 2021, figs 13 La, 13 Lb), the posteroventral margin is slightly concave sub-basally and straight or convex distally, in some specimens slightly indented posteriorly, the upper posterior margin and the posteroventral margin meet at a round, obtuse angle. In R. septentrionis lateral view (Figs 20 L, 26 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves are triangular, truncate posteriorly, with a small scission in the middle, and a dorsolateral projection. In R. caussensis dorsal view (Figs 4 D, 7 D), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of triangular apicodorsal projections delimiting an oval space. In R. fasciata dorsal view (Fig. 8 D; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 Da), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of thick apicodorsal projections delimiting an oval membranous space; a small projection occurs anteromesally in some specimens. In R. septentrionis dorsal view (Figs 20 D, 26 D), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of triangular apicodorsal projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting an oval space. In R. caussensis ventral view (Figs 4 V, 7 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites that are widely separated basally, their mesal margins are round in their basomesal 1 / 4, concave and curving toward each other on their apicomesal 3 / 4; the intersegmental membrane with pair of pale, ovoid or slightly elongate sclerites. In R. fasciata ventral view (Fig. 8 V; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites that are narrowly separated basally, the mesal margins are parallel in their basomesal 1 / 4 and straight and divergent in their apicomesal 3 / 4, their mesal margins convex; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, ovoid or slightly elongate sclerites. In R. septentrionis ventral view (Figs 20 V, 26 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites converging basally, their lateral margins are concave; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, slightly elongate sclerites.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDDFFBFFF1FFF73CE75FAC2.taxon	description	MALE Genitalia (Fig. 9, 13): 2 nd segment of each inferior appendage (Fig. 9 A, 13 a) with posterior edge slightly concave in central area, ventral edge straight, 2 times longer that dorsal edge; apicodorsal vertex of 2 nd segment ~ 135 ° and round, apicoventral angle ~ 50 °, projecting as thick lobe tapered to round apex. Parameres in ventral view curved posteromesad in distal half (Fig. 9 BV, p). In lateral view (Figs 9 BL, 13 d) each constricted at short distance beyond base, dilated at middle, with dorsal and ventral margins rounded and almost parallel; two rows of thick spines on midventral margin, pointing outward; midlateral surface with spicules or setae, from middle posteroventral to posterodorsal edges, bigger from ventral to middle area, smaller from middle to dorsal area. Aedeagus (phallicata) in lateral view (Fig. 9 CL) with anterodorsal margin and posterior corner of dorsal concavity hooked anterad, apical edge of aedeagus straight or slightly convex; ventral lobe of aedeagus in ventral view almost circular, with pointed apex (Fig. 9 BV, vl), in lateral view vertical edge straight, posteroventral angle round, almost 90 º (Fig. 9 CL). In dorsal view posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus apically triangular, apicolateral margins convex (Fig. 9 CD, lvl). Apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view oval (Figs 9 DD, al; 13 b), with small apicomesal excision; preanal appendages (Fig. 9 DD, pa) elongate rectangular, 4 / 5 as long as apicodorsal lobe, round subapically and posterior edges triangular. In ventral view, apical band U-shaped (Fig. 9 DV, ab), longer than wide, its posterior arms parallel and round apically, its non-sclerotized mesal area U-shaped (Fig. 9 DV, va), anal sclerites triangular, posterior edges concave (Fig. 9 DV, as). FEMALE Genitalia (Figs 10, 16): In lateral view (Figs 10 L, 16 L), posterior margin of segment VIII valves on each side with a dorsolateral and dorsoventral projections, posterior margin irregular, strongly concave. In dorsal view (Figs 10 D, 16 D), with indentation between segment VIII valves nearly enclosed by pair of dorsolateral semicircular thick projections, with rounded apical and angled subapical corners, delimiting circular space. In ventral view (Figs 10 V, 16 V) segment VIII valves forming two elongate sclerites, convex edges, diverging and separated basally; intersegmental membrane with pair of dark, ovoid big elongate sclerites, occupying most of the central space, pointed posteriorly and round anteriorly.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDDFFA7FF1FFABBC823FF37.taxon	description	MALE Genitalia (Figs 11, 14): 2 nd segment of each inferior appendage (Figs 11 A, 14 a) with posterior edge slightly convex in dorsal and concave in ventral area respectively, ventral edge straight or slightly concave, less than 2 times longer that dorsal edge; apicodorsal vertex of 2 nd segment ~ 110 ° and round, apicoventral angle ~ 35 °, projecting as thick lobe tapered to round apex. Parameres in ventral view curved posteromesad in distal half (Figs 11 BV, p; 14 c). In lateral view (Figs 11 BL, 14 d) each constricted 1 / 3 distance beyond base, dilated at middle, with semicircular dorsal margin, convex ventral margin; along midventral posterior margin three long, thick spines; midlateral surface with thin spicules or setae of the same size, from middle posteroventral to posterodorsal edges. Aedeagus (phallicata) in lateral view (Fig. 11 CL) with anterodorsal margin and posterior corner of dorsal concavity hooked anterad, apical edge of aedeagus mostly triangular; ventral lobe of aedeagus in ventral view triangular (Fig. 11 BV, vl), with bifid apex, in lateral view vertical edge deeply concave, with triangular projection in posteroventral edge, posteroventral angle less than 90 º (Fig. 11 CL). In dorsal view posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus apically straight or slightly convex, apicolateral margins straight or slightly convex (Fig. 11 CD, lvl). Apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view oval, slightly dilated subapicolaterally (Figs 11 DD, al; 14 b), with small apicomesal excision; preanal appendages (Fig. 11 DD, pa) round, 4 / 5 long than apicodorsal lobe, posterior edges convex. In ventral view, apical band pentagonal shaped (Fig. 11 DV, ab), almost as long as wide, its posterior arms converging posterad and round apically, its non-sclerotized mesal area oval (Fig. 11 DV, va), anal sclerites triangular, posterior edges concave (Fig. 11 DV, as). FEMALE Genitalia (Figs 12, 17): In lateral view (Figs 12 L, 17 L), posterior margin of segment VIII valves on each side almost quadrangular with a dorsolateral projection, posterior and ventral margins concave. In dorsal view (Figs 12 D, 17 D), with indentation between segment VIII valves nearly enclosed by pair of dorsolateral rectangular projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting heart-shape space. In ventral view (Figs 12 V, 17 V) segment VIII valves forming two elongate sclerites connected basally, concave edges, diverging; intersegmental membrane with pair of dark, narrow, elongate sclerites, connected laterally, rounded edges posteriorly, pointed edges anteriorly.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDDFFA7FF1FFABBC823FF37.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of males of Rhyacophila denticulata, R. sociata and R. fasciata Genitalia: In R. denticulata, (Fig. 13 a) the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly concave in the middle and the ventral edge is about 2 times longer than dorsal edge. In R. sociata (Fig. 14 a) posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly convex in dorsal area and concave in ventral area and the ventral edge is about 1.4 times longer than dorsal edge. In R. fasciata, the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly concave dorsally and convex ventrally and the ventral edge is less than 1.8 times longer that dorsal edge (Fig. 15 a). In R. denticulata, the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight or slightly concave in lateral view; the ventral lobe of aedeagus is almost circular, with the apex pointed (Fig. 13 c), in lateral view rounded, almost 90 º; posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus are triangular; the apicolateral margins are convex and the lateral margins are diverging anteriorly. In R. sociata, the posterior edge of aedeagus is mostly triangular in lateral view; the ventral lobe of aedeagus is triangular, with the apex bifid (Fig. 14 c), in lateral view deeply concave in dorsal edge, with triangular projection in ventral edge, posteroventral angle less than 90 º (Fig. 11 CL). In R. fasciata, the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight, projected posteroventrad, and rounded at posteroventral apex (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is subtriangular and round posteriorly (Fig. 15 c); the lateroventral lobes of the phallus are straight, its posterior edges convex, apicolateral margins rounded. In R. denticulata the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view is oval, with small apicomesal excision (Figs 9 DD, al; 13 b); the preanal appendages are rectangular, with posterior edges triangular, apex rounded (Figs 9 DD, pa); the apical band in ventral view (Fig. 9 DV, ab) is U-shaped with its posterior arms parallel and directed posterad; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Fig. 9 DV, va) is U-shaped; the anal sclerites (Fig. 9 DV, as) are concave apically. In R. sociata the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view is oval, slightly dilated subapicolaterally, with small apicomesal excision (Figs 11 DD, al; 14 b); the preanal appendages are round, with posterior edges convex (Fig. 11 DD, pa); the apical band in ventral view (Fig. 11 DV, ab) is pentagonal shaped with its posterior arms converging posterad; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Fig. 11 DV, va) is oval; the anal sclerites (Fig. 11 DV, as) are concave apically. In R. fasciata, the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Fig. 15 b) is dilated subapicolaterally, almost round, with a shallow apicomesal excision in some specimens; the preanal appendages (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DD, pa) are round, convex laterally; the apical band in ventral view (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, ab) is pentagonal shaped with its posterior arms widely separate and straight; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, va) is heart-shaped and with a wider posteromesal excision; the anal sclerites (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, as) are truncated apically. In R. denticulata the parameres in lateral view (Figs 9 BL, 13 d) are dilated in the middle, with dorsal and ventral margins rounded and almost parallel, each has two rows of thick spines on its midventral margin; the midlateral surface has spicules or setae, decreasing in size from ventral to dorsal area. In R. sociata the parameres in lateral view (Figs 11 BL, 14 d) are dilated in the middle, with semicircular dorsal margin and convex ventral margin, each has one row with three long, thick spines on its midventral posterior margin; the midlateral surface has very thin spicules or setae of the same size, from middle posteroventral to posterodorsal edge. In R. fasciata the parameres in lateral view (Fig. 15 d; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 BL) are convex basally, with almost parallel dorsal and ventral margins in central area (S-shape), each has two rows of long, thick spines on the on the posterior midventral margin, each row with more than three spines pointing laterad; the midlateral surface has sparse fine setae from the middle of the anteroventral edge to the posterodorsal edge, covering most of apex, but absent in the middle anteroventral and posterodorsal edges. Diagnosis of females of Rhyacophila denticulata, R. sociata and R. fasciata Genitalia: In R. denticulata lateral view (Figs 10 L, 16 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves has a dorsolateral and a dorsoventral projections, with posterior margin concave. In R. sociata lateral view (Figs 12 L, 17 L), each of the segment VIII lateral valves almost quadrangular, with a dorsolateral projection, posterior and ventral margins concave. In R. fasciata lateral view (Fig. 18 L; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves is quadrate with an apicodorsal projection; the upper posterior margin is nearly vertical and with an irregular edge with one or two posterior sinuosities (Valladolid et al. 2021, figs 13 La, 13 Lb), the posteroventral margin is slightly concave sub-basally and straight or convex distally, in some specimens slightly indented posteriorly, the upper posterior margin and the posteroventral margin meet at a round, obtuse angle. In R. denticulata dorsal view (Figs 10 D, 16 D), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of dorsolateral semicircular thick projections, with rounded apical and angled subapical corners, delimiting a circular membranous space. In R. sociata dorsal view (Figs 12 D, 17 D) the indentation between segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of dorsolateral rectangular projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting heart-shape space. In R. fasciata dorsal view (Fig. 18 D; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 Da), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of thick apicodorsal projections delimiting an oval membranous space; a small projection occurs anteromesally in some specimens. In R. denticulata ventral view (Figs 10 V, 16 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites that converge basally, their mesal margins convex; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of big elongate sclerites, occupying most of the central space, dark, ovoid, pointed posteriorly and round anteriorly. In R. sociata ventral view (Figs 12 V, 17 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites connected basally, the mesal margins concave; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, narrow and elongate sclerites, connected laterally, rounded posteriorly and pointed anteriorly. In R. fasciata ventral view (Fig. 18 V; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites that are narrowly separated basally, the mesal margins are parallel in their basomesal 1 / 4 and straight and divergent in their apicomesal 3 / 4, their mesal margins convex; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, ovoid or slightly elongate sclerites.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFDDFFA7FF1FFABBC823FF37.taxon	discussion	Synonyms of Rhyacophila denticulata and Rhyacophila sociata Rhyacophila gemella Navás 1923 is a synonym of R. sociata Navás 1916 (Valladolid et al. 2018). In our publication about R. fasciata (Valladolid et al. 2021) we concluded that the species Rhyacophila coppai Oláh 2020 and Rhyacophila soreda Coppa & Oláh 2020 are synonyms of R. sociata, and the species Rhyacophila kopasa Oláh & Coppa 2020 and Rhyacophila rova Oláh & Coppa 2020 are synonyms of R. denticulata. Oláh et al. (2020) described these new species, based on only a few (often only one) specimens, mainly males, using a very general morphology of specimens (colour), mostly preserved in ethanol for a long time, and some characteristics of males (shapes of parameres and presence of microtrichial bands) that are difficult to see if you observe them with only a dissecting microscope instead of with a compound microscope. The differences observed between R. coppai, R. soreda and R. sociata, and between R. kopasa, R. rova and R. denticulata are minimal, and could be included within the intraspecific variablity. Finally, the localities where the specimens were collected are included in the area of distribution of R. denticulata and R. fasciata. We think it should be necessary to base new descriptions of species on more characters, more specimens, and DNA information. In our studies, DNA information shows that by now, there are only two species of the Complex in this area, R. denticulata and R. sociata.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFC5FFA7FF1FFEAECE64F99E.taxon	description	MALE Biometrics: Lengths: Body (distance from front of head to distal edge of segment IX): 7.8 – 13.0 mm (x ̄ = 10.3, n = 27), forewing 10.1 – 15.8 mm (x ̄ = 12.8, n = 27), hind wing 9.1 – 14.2 mm (x ̄ = 11.3, n = 27). Genitalia (Figs 19, 23): 2 nd segment of each inferior appendage (Figs 19 A, 23 a) with posterior edge slightly concave in dorsal area, ventral edge straight or slightly concave, ~ 2.2 times longer that dorsal edge; apicodorsal vertex of 2 nd segment ~ 120 º and angled, apicoventral angle ~ 40 °, projecting as thick lobe tapering to apex. Parameres in ventral view curved posteromesad in distal half (Figs 19 BV, p; 23 c). In lateral view (Figs 19 BL, 23 d) each constricted 1 / 3 distance beyond base, dilated at middle, with round dorsal and ventral margins; without spines along midventral margin; midlateral surface with few long and thick spines on ventral area and fine spicules or setae from middle to ventral edge, absent in middle anteroventral and posterodorsal edges. Aedeagus (phallicata) in lateral view (Fig. 19 CL) with anterodorsal margin and posterior corner of dorsal concavity hooked anterad, apical edge of aedeagus straight projected posteroventrad in small ventral apex (Fig 19 CL); ventral lobe of aedeagus semicircular, with small posterior apex (Fig 19 BV, vl), in lateral view vertical edge straight, small projection in posteroventral angle (Fig. 19 CL). In dorsal view posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus apically straight or slightly convex, apicolateral margins round (Fig 19 CD, lvl). Apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view dilated subapicolaterally (Figs 19 DD, al; 23 b), with small apicomesal excision; preanal appendages (Fig 19 DD, pa) round, 4 / 5 as long as apicodorsal lobe, round subapically and posterior edges convex. In ventral view, apical band (Fig 19 DV, ab) V-shaped, longer than wide, its posterior arms converging, parallel and round apically, its non-sclerotized mesal area slightly oval, narrow (Fig 19 DV, va), anal sclerites triangular, posterior edges concave (Fig 19 DV, as). FEMALE Biometrics: Body length (distance from front of head to distal edge of segment VIII): 9.5 – 13.1 mm (x ̄ = 11.3, n = 11), forewing 11.7 – 15.6 mm (x ̄ = 13.1, n = 11), hind wing 10.1 – 13.8 mm (x ̄ = 11.5, n = 11). Genitalia (Figs 20, 26): In lateral view (Figs 20 L, 26 L), posterior margin of segment VIII valves on each side triangular, truncated posteriorly, with a dorsolateral projection, posterodorsal margins slightly concave, posteroventral margins slightly convex, posterior margin straight, with small excision in the middle. In dorsal view (Figs 20 D, 26 D), with indentation between segment VIII valves nearly enclosed by pair of dorsolateral triangular projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting oval space. In ventral view (Figs 20 V, 26 V) segment VIII valves forming two elongate sclerites, concave, diverging and separated basally; intersegmental membrane with pair of dark, slightly elongate sclerites.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFC5FF92FF1FF946CE41FCCE.taxon	description	MALE Biometrics: Body length (distance from front of head to distal edge of segment IX): 9.2 – 10.0 mm (x ̄ = 9.6, n = 3), forewing 11.3 – 12.7 mm (x ̄ = 12.0, n = 3), hind wing 10.2 – 11.4 mm (x ̄ = 10.6, n = 3). Genitalia (Figs 21, 24): 2 nd segment of each inferior appendage (Figs 21 A, 24 a) with posterior edge slightly convex in central area, ventral edge straight or slightly convex, ~ 2.1 times longer that dorsal edge; apicodorsal vertex of 2 nd segment ~ 135 ° and angled, apicoventral angle ~ 45 °, projecting as thick lobe tapering to round apex. Parameres in ventral view curved posteromesad in distal half (Figs 21 BV, p; 24 c). In lateral view (Figs 21 BL, 24 d) each constricted 1 / 3 distance beyond base, dilated at middle, with round dorsal and straight or slightly convex ventral margins respectively; along posterior midventral margin two rows with three long, thick spines, pointing outward; midlateral surface with spicules or setae, from middle posteroventral to posterodorsal edges, decreasing on size from ventral to dorsal edges. Aedeagus (phallicata) in lateral view (Fig. 21 CL) with anterodorsal margin and posterior corner of dorsal concavity hooked anterad, apical edge of aedeagus straight or slightly convex; ventral lobe of aedeagus in ventral view triangular (Fig. 21 BV, vl), in lateral view vertical edge convex, posteroventral angle almost 90 º (Fig. 21 CL). In dorsal view posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus apically straight or slightly convex, apicolateral margins round (Fig. 21 CD, lvl). Apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view almost circular, slightly dilated subapicolaterally (Figs 21 DD, al; 24 b), with small apicomesal excision in some specimens; preanal appendages (Fig. 21 DD, pa) rectangular, 3 / 4 as long as apicodorsal lobe, pointed subapically and posterior edges convex. In ventral view, apical band diamond shaped (Fig. 21 DV, ab), almost as long as wide, its posterior arms convergent posterad, rounded apically, its non-sclerotized mesal area oval (Fig. 21 DV, va), anal sclerites triangular, posterior edges straight or slightly concave (Fig. 19 DV, as). FEMALE Biometrics: 1 specimen. Body length (distance from front of head to distal edge of segment VIII): 10.9 mm, forewing 12.8 mm, hind wing 11.3 mm. Genitalia (Figs 22, 27): In lateral view (Figs 22 L, 27 L), posterior margin of segment VIII valves on each side triangular, with a dorsolateral projection, posterodorsal and posteroventral margins straight or slightly concave. In dorsal view (Figs 22 D, 27 D), with indentation between segment VIII valves enclosed by pair of small dorsolateral suboval projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting oval space. In ventral view (Figs 22 V, 27 V) segment VIII valves forming two elongate sclerites, concave, diverging and separated basally; intersegmental membrane with pair of dark, ovoid or slightly elongate sclerites.	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
03CCCC27FFC5FF92FF1FF946CE41FCCE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis of males of Rhyacophila septentrionis, R. loeffleri and R. fasciata Genitalia: In R. septentrionis, (Fig. 23 a) the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly concave in the dorsal area and the ventral edge is about 2.2 times longer than dorsal edge. In R. loeffleri (Fig. 24 a) the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly convex in the middle and ventral edge is about 2.1 times longer than dorsal edge. In R. fasciata, the posterior edge of the second segment of each inferior appendage is slightly concave dorsally and convex ventrally and the ventral edge is less than 1.8 times longer that dorsal edge (Fig. 25 a). In R. septentrionis the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight and projected posteroventrad in a small ventral apex in lateral view (Fig. 19 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is semicircular with the apex pointed (Figs 19 BV, vl; 23 c), in lateral view a small projection in posteroventral angle (Fig. 19 CL); posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus are convex; the apicolateral margins are rounded. In R. loeffleri the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight or slightly convex (Fig. 21 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is triangular (Figs 21 BV, vl; 24 c), in lateral view angled, almost 90 º (Fig. 21 CL); posterior edges of lateroventral lobes of phallus are straight or slightly convex; the apicolateral margins are rounded (Fig. 21 CD, lvl). In R. fasciata the posterior edge of aedeagus is straight, projected posteroventrad, and rounded at posteroventral apex (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 CL); the ventral lobe of aedeagus is subtriangular and round posteroventrally (Fig. 25 c); the lateroventral lobes of phallus are straight, its posterior edges convex, apicolateral margins rounded. In R. septentrionis the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Figs 19 DD, al; 23 b) is dilated subapicolaterally, with a small apicomesal excision; the preanal appendages (Fig. 19 DD, pa) are round; the apical band in ventral view (Fig. 19 DV, ab) is V-shaped with its posterior arms almost parallel; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Fig. 19 DV, va) is oval, narrow; the anal sclerites (Fig. 19 DV, as) are concave apically. In R. loeffleri the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Figs 21 DD, al; 24 b) is slightly dilated subapicolaterally, with small apicomesal excision in some specimens; the preanal appendages (Fig. 21 DD, pa) are rectangular; the apical band in ventral view (Fig. 21 DV, ab) is diamond shaped with its posterior arms converging posterad; the non-sclerotized mesal area oval (Fig. 21 DV, va), the anal sclerites are straight or slightly concave apically (Fig. 21 DV, as). In R. fasciata the apicodorsal lobe of segment IX in dorsal view (Fig. 25 b) is dilated subapicolaterally, almost round, with maximum with in the posterior third and a small apicomesal excision in some specimens; the preanal appendages (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DD, pa) are round, convex laterally; the apical band in ventral view (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, ab) 1.8 times as long as wide, its posterior arms widely separate and straight; the non-sclerotized mesal area (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, va) is heart-shaped and with a wider posteromesal excision; the anal sclerites (Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 DV, as) are truncated apically. In R. septentrionis the parameres in lateral view (Figs 19 BL, 23 d) each without spines on its midventral margin, with few long, thick spines on its lateroventral area; the midlateral surface is covered by fine spicules or setae from middle to ventral edge, absent in middle anteroventral and posterodorsal edges. In R. loeffleri the parameres in lateral view (Figs 11 BL, 24 d) each with rounded dorsal margin and straight or slightly convex ventral margin, with two rows of three long, thick spines on midventral margin; the midlateral surface covered with spicules or setae, from middle posteroventral to posterodorsal edges, decreasing on size from ventral to dorsal areas. In R. fasciata the parameres in lateral view (Fig. 25 d; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 12 BL) are convex basally, with almost parallel dorsal and ventral margins in central area (S-shape), each has two rows of long, thick spines on the posterior midventral margin, each row with more than three spines pointing laterad; the midlateral surface has sparse fine setae from the middle of the anteroventral edge to the posterodorsal edge, covering most of apex, but absent in the middle anteroventral and posterodorsal edges. Diagnosis of females of Rhyacophila septentrionis, R. loeffleri and R. fasciata Genitalia: In R. septentrionis lateral view (Figs 20 L, 26 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves are triangular, truncate posteriorly, with a small scission in the middle, and a dorsolateral projection. In R. loeffleri lateral view (Figs 22 L, 27 L), each of the segment VIII lateral valves triangular, with a dorsolateral projection, posterodorsal and posteroventral margins straight or slightly concave. In R. fasciata lateral view (Fig. 28 L; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 L) each of the segment VIII lateral valves is quadrate with an apicodorsal projection; the upper posterior margin is nearly vertical and with an irregular edge with one or two posterior sinuosities (Valladolid et al. 2021, figs 13 La, 13 Lb), the posteroventral margin is slightly concave sub-basally and straight or convex distally, in some specimens slightly indented posteriorly, the upper posterior margin and the posteroventral margin meet at a round, obtuse angle. In R. septentrionis dorsal view (Figs 20 D, 26 D), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of triangular apicodorsal projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting an oval space. In R. loeffleri dorsal view (Figs 22 D, 27 D), the indentation between segment VIII valves is enclosed by a pair of suboval apicodorsal projections, with rounded apical and subapical corners, delimiting an oval space. In R. fasciata dorsal view (Fig. 28 D; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 Da), the indentation between the segment VIII valves is nearly enclosed by a pair of thick apicodorsal projections delimiting an oval space; a small projection occurs anteromesally in some specimens. In R. septentrionis ventral view (Figs 20 V, 26 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites converging basally, their lateral margins are concave; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, slightly elongate sclerites. In R. loeffleri ventral view (Figs 22 V, 27 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites, with lateral margins concave; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, ovoid or slightly elongate sclerites. In R. fasciata ventral view (Fig. 28 V; Valladolid et al. 2021, fig. 13 V), the segment VIII valves form two elongate sclerites that are narrowly separated basally, the mesal margins are parallel in their basomesal 1 / 4 and straight in their apicomesal 3 / 4, their lateral margins convex; the intersegmental membrane with a pair of dark, ovoid or slight elongate sclerites. Diagnosis of larvae of Rhyacophila septentrionis, R. loeffleri and R. fasciata Head: In R. septentrionis (Fig. 30 a) the cephalic capsule in dorsal and dorsolateral view is dark brown, with anterior third and posterior areas pale; the pair of dark brown patches outside the posterior portion of the frontoclypeus are more nearly triangular, with paler spots with dark borders inside (Fig. 30 b); the setae S 15 and S 16 (Fig. 29 a) are located in the centre of pale circular areas, contrasting with the surrounding darker area (Fig. 30 a), setae S 19 is located in the limit of the dark anterior area and broad pale posterior area; in lateral view (Fig. 30 c) an almost oval brown area with dark spots in posterior third and dorsally. In R. loeffleri (Fig. 31 a) the head is generally pale with dark areas and spots; the pair of dark brown patches outside the posterior portion of the frontoclypeus are more or less semicircular around the juncture of frontal and coronal sutures, extending forward parallel to frontal sutures, inside each patch there are no spots in the darker anterior extension, in the outermost edge of the light brown posterior portion there is one row of dark spots aligned parallel to the suture and groups of spots outside the row (Fig. 31 b); the setae S 15, S 16 and S 19 (Fig. 29 a) are connected by a large, pale area (Fig. 31 a); in lateral view an oval brown with darker and paler spots in dorsal and ventral areas respectively (Fig. 31 c). In R. fasciata (Fig. 32 a), the two-thirds of posterior dorsal area of head are light brown; the pair of dark brown patches outside posterior edge of frontal suture have the shape of open wings, with dark spots inside (Fig. 32 b); the setae S 15, S 16 and S 19 (Fig. 29 a) are located in the centre of pale circular areas, contrasting with the surrounding darker area (Fig. 32 a); in lateral view (Fig. 32 c) an oval brown area with dark spots. Thorax: In R. septentrionis (Figs 33 a, 33 b) the black band in the anterolateral angle extends posterad as a brown band laterally, connected with the broad, black band of the posterolateral margin (Fig. 33 b); on posterior half three dark areas or dark base with darker mesal stripe with two lines of pale spots inside, two pale brown spots with dark borders anterolateral and posterolaterally to seta S 6, circular and elongate respectively; the posterior area with two-three lines of darkly-bordered pale brown spots of different shapes and parallel to posterior border (Fig. 33 b); the anterior margin with a line of black spots near anterolateral angle, light brown in middle; mesal area of posterior marginal band of each sclerite brown anteriorly and reddish brown posteriorly (Fig. 33 b). In R. loeffleri (Figs 34 a, 34 b) the narrow black band in the anterolateral angle extends posterad as a brown band laterally, connected with the broad, black band of the posterolateral margin; on posterior half three darker areas connected by a dark band (Fig. 34 a), the median dark stripe is truncate anteriorly and wider than posteriorly and with its lateral edges slightly concave or straight; each triangular posterolateral area has two or three transverse rows of circular-oval pale brown spots with darker borders and a bigger oval spot near the diagonal lateral edge; the posterior marginal band at mid-height brown and reddish brown anteriorly and posteriorly, respectively (Fig. 34 b). In R. fasciata (Figs 35 a, 35 b) the narrow black band in each anterolateral angle extends posterad to join with the broad, black band of the posterolateral margin; on posterior half three darker areas connected (Fig. 35 a), the median dark stripe is convex anteriorly and with its lateral edges slightly convex; each triangular posterolateral area has two or three transverse rows of circular brown spots with dark borders but no bigger spot near the diagonal lateral edge; the posterior marginal band at mid-height dark brown or black posteriorly (Fig. 35 b). Abdomen: In R. septentrionis (Figs 33 c, 33 d) the abdominal segments have two stripes of oval spots, separated by a central triangular pale area, two stripes of anterolateral triangular pale spots, connected by semicircular bars in central area, and two semicircular pale bars in posterolateral angles. In R. loeffleri (Figs 34 c, 34 d) the abdominal segments have two stripes of anterolateral circular pale spots, connected by V-shape bars in central area, and two central stripes of oval darker spots, with pale bars anteriorly. In R. fasciata (Figs 35 c, 35 d) the abdominal segments have two stripes of rectangular darker spots, surrounded anterior, lateral and posteriorly by paler stripes that connect with paler stripes of anterior and lateral edges, and anterolaterally, some irregular shaped paler spots. Diagnosis of pupae of Rhyacophila septentrionis, R. loeffleri and R. fasciata Abdomen: In R. septentrionis (Fig. 36) the paired anterior hook plates are pedunculated, almost circular, and elongate on AVII, and the pair of small flat hook plates AIII with 10 – 15 spines; the paired posterior hook plates PIII – PV are almost circular. In R. loeffleri (Fig. 37) the paired anterior hook plates are almost circular and the pair of small flat plates AIII in females each have 2 – 3 spines, AIII are not present in males; the paired posterior hook plates are circular except for oval PIV. In R. fasciata (Fig 38), the paired anterior hook plates AIV-AVII are palmate and the pair of small flat anterior plates AIII are without spines; the paired posterior hook plates PIII – PV are all slightly transversely oval (length: width = 1: 1.3).	en	Valladolid, Maria, Arauzo, Mercedes, Coppa, Gennaro, Reding, Jean-Paul G., Dorda, Beatriz A., Rey, Isabel (2025): The Rhyacophila fasciata Species Complex (Trichoptera: Rhyacophilidae) in France and Switzerland, with description of a new species, Rhyacophila caussensis Valladolid & Coppa sp. nov. from France, based on morphological, genetic and ecological evidence. Zootaxa 5692 (3): 401-445, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5692.3.1
